(走向高考)高考英语-语法专题复习10-特殊句式及结构试题精解.doc
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1、语法专项(十)特殊句式及结构考点一完全倒装句谓语动词完全放置主语之前的句子,便是完全倒装句。这类句型主要有两种:1为了强调状语,把表示方位或时空的副词或介词短语,如here,there,now,then,up,down,in,away,off,out,in the room,on the wall等,置于句首时。South of the river lies a small factory.一个小型工厂坐落在河的南岸。Now comes your turn.现在轮到你了。注意:上述情况中,若主语是人称代词,则不用倒装。Away they went.他们走了。2表语位于句首时,其倒装结构为“表语
2、连系动词主语”。Present at the meeting were some scientists from China.许多来自中国的科学家出席了会议。考题印证(2010江苏改编)Is everyone here?Not yet.Look,there_(come) the rest of our guests!解析:当表示方位的副词there,here,away,out,in,down,up等位于句首,谓语是不及物动词sit,lie,live,stand run,come,go等,主语又是名词时,常用完全倒装的形式即谓语全部放到主语前面。 由于该句主语the rest指代guests是复
3、数。答案:come考点二部分倒装句1only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句,且放在句首时。Only in this way can we learn English well.只有以这种方法,我们才能学好英语。Only when he returned did we find out the truth.只有当他回来时,我们才能查明事实真相。注意:only修饰主语时,句子不可倒装。考题印证(2013全国改编)Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent _ properly in this hospital.只有通过增加50%的医生
4、,在医院里才能合理地给病人治病。解析:本题考查倒装句。“Only状语”置于句首时,主句用部分倒装语序。答案:can be patient be treated2否定副词never,nor,not,hardly,little,seldom,scarcely,rarely及表否定意义的介词短语at no time,under/in no circumstances,in no case,by no means,on no condition等置于句首时。Never before have I seen such a moving film.I have never seen such a movi
5、ng film before.以前我从未看过这么感人的电影。Not a single mistake did he make.He didnt make a single mistake.他一个错误也没犯。考题印证(2013江苏改编)“Never for a second,”the boy says, “_ that my father would come to my rescue.”“我从没怀疑,”男孩说,“父亲会来救我”。解析:考查倒装。never从不,表示否定意义的副词位于句首,句子用部分倒装语序。又是叙述过去的事情,用一般过去时。答案:did I doubt3hardly.when.
6、,no sooner.than.,not only.but also.等引导两个分句时,前一个分句用部分倒装,后一个分句不变。但当neither.nor.引导两个分句时,两个分句都要部分倒装。Hardly had he begun to speak when his father stopped him.他刚一开始说话他父亲就制止了他。考题印证Hardly _ the famous singer got to the airport _ he was surrounded by many journalists and fans.解析:“hardly.when.scarcely.when.no
7、 sooner.than.”表示“一就”。当hardly,scarcely或no sooner位于句首时,主句用部分倒装。根据语意可知,主句谓语动词动作发生在从句谓语动词动作之前,后面句子时态用一般过去时,前面句子则用过去完成时。答案:had;when4so/neither/nor置于句首,意为“也(不)”,表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人或事物时,要用部分倒装,其句型为:so/neither/norbe动词/助动词/情态动词主语。so与前面的肯定句呼应,neither,nor与前面的否定句相呼应。They love having lots of friends, so do those w
8、ith disabilities.他们喜欢拥有许多朋友,残疾人也是如此。I dont know who he is, nor do I want to know.我不知道他是谁,我也不想知道。注意:so表示“是的,确实”重复上文,表示赞同对方的观点时,主谓语不倒装。It is too hot.天太热了。So it is.是啊,的确很热。5在so/such.that.句式中,如果so/such引导的部分位于句首时,主句中的主语和谓语需要部分倒装,如谓语为be的一般现在式或一般过去式,则完全倒装。So dark was it that he couldnt see the faces of his
9、 companions.天这么黑,他看不见同伴的脸。So loudly did he speak that even the people in the next room could hear him.他说话声音如此大以至于隔壁的人都能听见。考题印证(2012安徽皖南八校第一次联考改编)Amazingly, Zhuo Jun got first place for the “Chinas Got Talent”(中国达人秀) last night._ wonderfully did he perform in the show that he deserved it.解析:so位于句首时句子
10、要部分倒装,由于对话双方都在谈论过去发生的事情,故用一般过去时,将助动词did提前。答案:So6以as引导的让步状语从句,其表语应提到句首,其余部分不变。如果从句的表语是个名词时,要把名词前的冠词去掉。though引导的让步状语从句也可以用这种形式,但也可以用正常结构。其结构一般为“adj./adv./v./v.ed/v.ing/n.as/though主语谓语”。Young as/though she is, she has seen much of the world.她虽然年轻,但却见过很多世面。Woman as she is, she is courageous.她虽然是女人,但却很勇敢
11、。7省略if的倒装句型。如果虚拟语气的条件句中谓语有系动词were,助动词had或情态动词should等,可省去if,把were,had或should移到主语之前。Were I you, I would take his advice.如果我是你,我会接受他的建议。Should it rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off.万一明天下雨,运动会就会推迟举行。考题印证_ it rain tomorrow, we would have to cancel the football match.解析:句意:如果明天下雨,我们将不得不取消足
12、球比赛。前半句是对将来情况的虚拟,补充完整为“If it should rain tomorrow”。省略if后,要将should提到主语之前,引起倒装。答案:Should考点三强调句1强调句型。强调句的基本句型是“it is/was被强调的部分that/who其他部分”。被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语和状语等。(1)强调人时可用who,强调其他任何部分都用that。It is only children who/that make such stupid mistakes.只有孩子才会犯这样愚蠢的错误。It was because her mother was ill that she did
13、nt come to school yesterday.是因为她妈妈病了,她昨天才没来上学的。(2)强调句型的一般疑问句只需将is/was提前,特殊疑问句的结构是“疑问词is/wasitthat从句?”。Was it yesterday that you met your teacher in the street?你是昨天在大街上碰到你老师的吗?Who was it that told you such a thing?究竟是谁告诉你这么件事的?Why was it that you didnt come to the meeting yesterday?究竟是为什么你昨天没有来开会?I j
14、ust wonder what it is that makes him so excited.我只是想知道到底是什么事情使他那么兴奋。(3)not.until.句式的强调句型是 “it is/was not until.that.”。It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.直到她摘下墨镜,我才认出她是一位著名的电影明星。2用助动词强调谓语。如果要强调时态为一般现在时或一般过去时的肯定句中的谓语动词,我们在该动词前加助动词do,does或did。Many
15、of the films are from the USA, but we do give awards to films from other countries.许多电影来自于美国,但我们的确也给其他国家的影片颁奖。He did come to see you last Sunday, but you were out.他上周日的确来看过你,但是你出去了。考题印证(2013天津改编)It was not until near the end of the letter _ she mentioned her own plan.解析:本题考查强调句。题意:直到接近信的末尾她才提到了她自己的计
16、划。It is/was not until thatclause是not until的强调句句式,故填that。答案:that考点四省略句1状语从句中的省略。在when,while,whenever,till,as soon as,if,unless,as if,though,as等引导的状语从句中,若谓语有be动词,而主语又与主句主语一致或主语是it时,从句的主语和be动词常被省略。Unless (I am) invited, I wont go to the party.除非被邀请,否则我是不会去参加那个派对的。When (you are) working, you must pay at
17、tention.上班时,你必须全神贯注。Get up early tomorrow, if not (you dont get up early), you will miss the first bus.明天早点起床,如果不的话,你会错过早班车。考题印证(2013浙江改编)There are some health problems that, when not_(treat) in time, can become bigger.解析:本题考查状语从句的省略。句意: 有一些健康问题,如果没得到及时的治疗在以后的生活中会变得更大。“分析结构可知,此处是状语从句的省略,从句主语problems
18、与treat之间为动宾关系,其完整的形式为 when they are not treated in time。答案:treated2答语中的省略。Im afraid, I think, I believe, I hope, I guess等作答句,后面跟so与not分别等于肯定或否定,宾语从句可省去。Do you think it will rain?你认为会下雨吗?I hope so (that it will rain)我希望下。3不定式的省略。单独使用不定式符号to,用来代替动词不定式后被省略的动词,to常在be afraid,glad,happy,want,prefer,expect
19、,forget,hope,intend,like,love等后边。Will you join in the game?你愿意加入做游戏吗?Id be glad to.我很高兴加入。I asked him to see the film, but he didnt want to.我请他去看电影,但他不想去。注意:如果不定式中含有be,have,have been,通常保留be,have或have been。Are you a sailor?你是海员吗?No, but I used to be.不,但我过去是。考题印证(2013全国改编)The driver wanted to park his
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