（英语）高三英语阅读理解(科普环保)题20套(带答案).doc

1、【英语】高三英语阅读理解(科普环保)题20套(带答案)一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类1犇犇阅读理解 A single dose(剂量) of an experimental vaccine(疫苗) can protect mice against the Zika(寨卡) virus, raising renewed hope of a vaccine for humans, say scientists. The US team say the results, published in Nature, are striking and should encourage research e

2、fforts. Tests in humans could begin in months. But even if these go well, a licensed vaccine for widespread use to protect those at most risk such as pregnant women would still be years away, experts advise. Zika has been spreading across Central and South America and, most recently, Africa. More th

3、an 60 countries and territories now have continuing transmission(传播) of the disease, which is carried by mosquitoes. The virus causes serious birth damages during pregnancy and has been declared a global public health emergency. Now, developing a vaccine for pregnant women to protect their unborn ba

4、bies is an international research priority(优先事项). US scientists from the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School tested two types of Zika vaccine in mice one based on bits of genetic(基因的) code from the virus and another that is an i

5、nactive (and therefore harmless) copy of Zika. Both worked well, protecting every mouse that was immunised against the virus. In comparison, all of the mice not given the vaccine caught Zika after they were exposed to it. Researchers say they will push ahead with developing the needed virus vaccine.

6、 There are many existing vaccines for other disease that use this type of technology, while there are relatively few DNAbased vaccines. Of course, future tests will need to check the vaccine is safe and effective in humans, as well as how long the immunity might last.（1）If the tests in humans go smo

7、othly, . A.a vaccine for use in the laboratory will be still be years away.B.pregnant women in Africa will be the first to benefit from the vaccine.C.a licensed vaccine will still not be accessible in a short term.D.The Zika virus will cause less serious birth defects during pregnancy in months.（2）W

8、hich of the following statements is NOT true? A.many countries are actively involved in the research of the Zika vaccine.B.US scientists have tested more than two types of Zika vaccine in mice.C.None of the mice given the vaccine caught Zika.D.It is still unknown whether the vaccine is safe and effe

9、ctive.（3）Which can be the best title for the passage? A.Zika vaccine works very well in miceB.Zika vaccine still has a long way to goC.International researches into Zika have paid offD.More attention has been paid to Zika vaccine【答案】 （1）C（2）B（3）A 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科学家发现一种实验性疫苗可以保护小鼠免受寨卡病毒侵袭。 （1）考查

10、细节理解。根据第二段中的But even if these go well, a licensed vaccine for widespread use to protect those at most risk such as pregnant women would still be years away可知，但是，即使这些进展顺利，一种广泛用于保护高危人群的授权疫苗仍需数年时间，也就是说如果人体试验进展顺利的话，短期内仍无法获得授权疫苗，故选C。 （2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的US scientists from the Walter Reed Army Institute of R

11、esearch, the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School tested two types of Zika vaccine in mice可知，美国科学家在白鼠身上只测试了两种而不是两种以上的寨卡病毒，故选B。 （3）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的A single dose(剂量) of an experimental vaccine(疫苗) can protect mice against the Zika(寨卡) virus,可知，一种实验性疫苗可以保护小鼠免受寨卡病毒侵袭，由此可知，本文主要介绍

12、的是寨卡病毒疫苗对小白鼠非常有效，故选A。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。2犇犇阅读理解 If plastic had been invented when the Pilgrims sailed from Plymouth, England, to North America-and their Mayflower had been stocked with bottled water and plastic- wrapped snacks, their plastic was

13、te would likely still be around four centuries later. Atlantic waves and sunlight would have worn all that plastic into tiny bits. And those bits might still be floating around the worlds oceans today, waiting to be eaten by some fish or oyster, and finally perhaps by one of us. Because plastic wasn

14、t invented until the late 19th century, and its production only really took off around 1950, we have a mere 9.2 billion tons of the stuff to deal with. Of that, more than 6.9 billion tons have become waste. And of that waste, a surprising 6.3 billion tons never made it to a recycling bin-the figure

15、that shocked the scientists who published the numbers in 2017. No one knows how much unrecycled plastic waste ends up in the ocean, the earths last sink. In 2015, Jenna Jam beck a University of Georgia engineering professor, caught everyones attention with a rough estimate between 5.3 million and 14

16、 million tons of plastic waste each year just come from coastal regions. Meanwhile, ocean plastic is estimated to kill millions of marine(海洋的）animals every year. Nearly 700 species, including endangered ones, are known to have been affected by it. Some are harmed visibly, stuck by abandoned things m

17、ade of plastic. Many more are probably harmed invisibly. Marine species of all sizes, from zooplankton to whales, now eat microplas-tics, the bits smaller than one-fifth of an inch across. This isnt a problem where we dont know what the solution is, says Ted Siegler, a Vermont resource economist who

18、 has spent more than 25 years working with developing nations on garbage. We know how to pick up garbage. Anyone can do it. We know how to deal with it. We know how to recycle. Its a matter of building the necessary institutions and systems, he says, ideally before the ocean turns into a thin soup o

19、f plastic. （1）Why does the author mention the Pilgrims in paragraph 1? A.To prove plastic was difficult to invent.B.To introduce what marine animals like eating.C.To tell the Pilgrims contributed a lot to the marine protection.D.To show plastic waste has a lasting effect on the ocean.（2）Whats the ma

20、in trouble marine animals face according to the text? A.Lacking protection.B.Being stuck by plastics.C.Being caught by humans.D.Treating plastics as food.（3）What does Ted Siegler want to tell us in the last paragraph? A.Some people dont know the solution of plastics waste.B.Plastics will turn the oc

21、ean into a soup of plastic.C.Its time to take measures to deal with plastic waste.D.People should avoid using plastics to protect the ocean.（4）From which is the text probably taken? A.A biology textbook.B.A travel brochure.C.An environmental report.D.A lifestyle magazine.【答案】 （1）D（2）B（3）C（4）C 【解析】【分

22、析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了塑料垃圾给海洋以及海洋生物带来的危害。 （1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“their plastic waste would likely still be around four centuries later.”他们的塑料废物很可能在四百年后仍会存在，可知 作者提到the Pilgrims是为了说明塑料废物对海洋有持久的影响，故选D。 （2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Some are harmed visibly, stuck by abandoned things made of plastic. Many more are probably harme

23、d invisibly.”一些明显受到伤害，被塑料制成的废弃物品卡住了。可能有更多的人受到无形的伤害。可知选B。 （3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Its a matter of building the necessary institutions and systems, he says, ideally before the ocean turns into a thin soup of plastic.”他说最好在海洋变成塑料汤之前建立一个必要的机构和制度的问题，可推知选C。 （4）考查推理判断。纵观全文可知，本题介绍了塑料垃圾给海洋以及海洋生物带来的危害。是一篇环境保护类阅读，因

24、此选C。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。3阅读理解 Experts note that an unhealthy lifestyle can put you at great risk of heart disease and stroke. So doctors urge us to eat healthy foods, get exercise, stop smoking and limit our alcohol intake. But there is something

25、else you can do. And it is free and easy. Smile! Dr. Chockalingam, a heart disease specialist in Columbia, advises his patients to smile. He says a smile may be one way to help your heart. When we smile, the brain wiring changes. The chemicals that are released are more positive. He says smiling is

26、the first step in fighting physical and emotional stress and its sometimes harmful effects on human health. This is not just New Age advice. Several studies support his opinion. When you feel stressed or under pressure, your body releases many natural hormones (荷尔蒙) including adrenaline and cortisol

27、. Adrenaline increases your heart rate and blood pressure. Cortisol is the bodys main stress hormone. It increases sugar in the bloodstream. If you are truly in danger, these hormones can help you. They are part of what we call our fight-or-flight response. However, when we are stressed for a long p

28、eriod, these stress hormones are ever-present in our bodies. And that, medical researchers warn, may lead to health problems. Researchers say the connection between stress and heart disease is still unclear. However, they claim that when people are stressed for long periods of time, they may have an

29、 unhealthy lifestyle, which can lead to health problems. Dr. Chockalingam says a smile may be one way to help. He tells his patients to smile 20 times an hour. To some, that might seem like a lot of smiling. Or some might even feel foolish . smiling for seemingly no reason. But a smile does not invo

30、lve drugs. It is not invasive like a surgical operation. It is free and it has no bad side effects. Once people smile, they are relaxing. This relaxation directly lowers blood pressure, improves sugar levels in the blood. If we are smiling, we are breaking that link between stress and health. And it

31、 just may provide a little extra protection to everyones heart health.（1）Which of the following agrees with Dr. Chockalingams opinion? A.Smile has the same effects as laughter.B.Smile can be used to take the place of medicine.C.Smile is better than any healthy lifestyle to health.D.Smile can make ou

32、r body produce beneficial chemicals.（2）What can we know about the mentioned stress hormones? A.They can lower our blood pressure.B.They will surely lead to heart diseases.C.They can benefit us when we are in danger.D.They will make us live an unhealthy lifestyle.（3）Why does Dr. Chockalingam think sm

33、iling is helpful to our health? A.It can make us relax.B.It increases sugar levels.C.It has little bad side effects.D.It can happen for no reason.（4）What can be the best title for the text? A.A Thorough Analysis of the Causes of Heart DiseasesB.One Thing You Can Do Right Now to Help Your HeartC.One

34、Thing That Is Closely Connected with Stress HormonesD.The Clear Connection Between Unhealthy Lifestyles and Heart Diseases【答案】 （1）D（2）C（3）A（4）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，哥伦比亚的心脏病专家Chockalingam博士建议多保持微笑，他认为微笑可能是帮助心脏的一种方式。同时说明了微笑有利于健康的原因和人们感到压力时的身体反应等情况。 （1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“When we smile, the brain wiring change

35、s. The chemicals that are released are more positive.”当我们微笑时，大脑的线路会发生变化。释放出的化学物质更积极。可知，Chockalingam博士认为微笑能使我们的身体产生有益的化学物质。故选D。 （2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“If you are truly in danger, these hormones can help you.”如果你真的有危险，这些荷尔蒙会帮助你。可知，当我们处于危险中时，压力荷尔蒙可以帮助我们。故选C。 （3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“If we are smiling, we are brea

36、king that link between stress and health. And it just may provide a little extra protection to everyones heart health.”如果我们微笑，我们就打破了压力和健康之间的联系。而且它可能会为每个人的心脏健康提供一点额外的保护。可知，Chockalingam博士认为微笑可以使我们放松，从而有利于我们的健康。故选A。 （4）考查主旨大意。根据第二段中的“Dr. Chockalingam, a heart disease specialist in Columbia, advises his

37、 patients to smile. He says a smile may be one way to help your heart.”哥伦比亚的心脏病专家Chockalingam博士建议他的病人保持微笑。他说，微笑可能是帮助心脏的一种方式。以及结合文章内容主要介绍了微笑能够让我们放松进而有利于我们的健康，所以要健康那就要多微笑，所以选B。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。4阅读理解 A new study suggests a link between expos

38、ure to greenery and reduced desires for alcohol cigarette and junk food. The study is the first to investigate the possible relationships between exposure to nature and desires and negative emotions. Researchers at the University of Plymouths School of Psychology surveyed 149 respondents (应答者) aged

39、21 o 65 about the proportion( 比例 )of green space in their neighborhood, the presence of green views from their home, their access to a garden and how often they use public green space. The study also asked questions about experiences with depression and anxiety, as well as desires for things like ca

40、ffeine, alcohol and nicotine. Participants rated the intensity( 强度), imagery, and intrusiveness(侵扰性) of their desires on an 11-point scale. Researchers found the presence of visible green space contributed to decreased desires for junk food. The effect was particularly noticeable when more than 25 p

41、ercent of a respondents view was greenery. Previous scholarship(学术研究) has dealt mostly with exercise in nature: A 2015 study out of the University of Michigan found 90- minute group nature walks were effective at combatting depression and relieving other mood disorders. But for people who struggle w

42、ith accessibility or dont have time for a 90-minute walk, this new study suggests just looking out a window at a tree can help fight off a bad habit. It has been known for some time that being outdoors in nature is linked to a persons well-being, lead author Leanne Martin said in a statement. But fo

43、r there to be a similar association with desires from simply being able to see green space adds a new dimension to the previous research. A 2018 study from Denmarks Aarhus University for example, found that. Having access to green space throughout childhood decreased a persons risk of developing men

44、tal health problems as an adult.（1）What does the second paragraph mainly talk about? A.The results of the new study.B.The purpose of the new study.C.The significance of the new study.D.The content of the new study.（2）What does the underlined word combatting in paragraph 4 probably mean? A.Reducing.B

45、.Developing.C.Understanding.D.Encouraging（3）According to the passage, the new study _. A.mainly referred to exercise in natureB.has enriched the previous research to some degreeC.was carried out by the University of MichiganD.found exposure to greenery helped cure mental problems（4）n which section o

46、f a newspaper may this passage appear? A.EntertainmentB.Business WorldC.Tech &ScienceD.Environment【答案】 （1）D（2）A（3）B（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一项新的研究成果-多看绿色植物和吃垃圾食品这两者看似风马牛不相及，可研究结构却表明它们之间存在着一种奇妙的关系：多看绿色植物能帮助人们克制吃垃圾食品的欲望。 （1）考查段落大意。根据第二段中的“Researchers surveyed 149 respondents aged 21 o 65 about the pro

47、portion of green space in their neighborhood”研究人员调查了年龄在2165岁之间的149名参与者小区内的绿植比例；以及“The study also asked questions about experiences with depression and anxiety”研究中还问了与抑郁及焦虑有关的问题等可知，第二段主要介绍了新研究的调查内容，故选D。 （2）考查词义猜测。根据常识可知，在大自然中散步对人体有各种各样的好处，再结合句中出现的“relieving other mood disorders(缓解其他情绪紊乱)”不难推断出， combatting depression应表示“减轻抑郁”。故选A。 （3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“adds a new dimension(方面) to the previous research”为以前的研究增加了新的方面，可知，