外刊经贸知识选读第一课课件.pptx

1、大家好大家好Lesson 1Chinas Foreign TradeQuestions What is the title?Subtitle?Who wrote this article?When?On what magazine?How many paragraphs?Answers How many paragraphs?19 On what magazine?China Now（中国现况月刊）When?1985 What had happened between 1949 and 1985?1949 PRC was founded 1950 China started foreign t

2、rade with communist countries 1958 1959 some mistakes:the Great Leap Forward 1959 1961 Three Year of Natural Disasters,Great Chinese Famine,Three Bad Harvests In 1960s,Soviet Union and China broke down 1966 1976 Cultural Revolution 1977 recovery of College Entrance Exam 1978 signed long term trade a

3、greement with Japan,EEC(EU)1979 diplomatic relation with USA 1980 1985 fast development How to write an appropriate report or analysis?Analyze what had happened Describe the current situation Predict the future for potential investors Who wrote this article?Barry Coulthurst Economist Senior Economis

4、t in ANZ Bank(1989 2005)Profile of Barry I worked for 34 years as an international economist,specializing in the issues about economic and social progress in developing countries.I also worked extensively in the country risk area and helped to develop models for assessing country risk.China in the M

5、arket Place(Excerpts)Barry Coulthurst examines the development of Chinas trade policy and the present state of the overseas economic linksParagraph 1 Pattern way,method,mode Foreign trade Substantially:dramatically,significantly,considerably,sharply,severely,Peoples Republic of China Agricultural pr

6、oducts/Manufactured goods 农产品/工业产品In return for As repayment;as a reward;in exchange for 作为的报酬；作为的替代 I bought him a drink in return for his help.我给他买了酒以酬谢他的帮助。I sent him a present in return for his help.我送他一份礼物以酬谢他的帮助。The bargain they reached with their employers was to reduce their wage claim in re

7、turn for a shorter working week.他们与雇主达成的协议是他们在工资方面降低要求，但是每周工时要缩短。n.+in return for+n.to +in return for+n.Capital equipment 资本设备 Industrialization program Industry Industrialize Industrialization-ize and-ization Computer computerize computerization Modern modernize modernization Ideal idealize idealiz

8、ation Civil civilize civilization Global globalize globalization National nationalize nationalization Private privatize privatization Standard standardize-standardization-ize 类似古汉语“使动化”，可以加在英语形容词或者名词之后，使形容词或者名词变成动词，表示“使化”该动词的名词形式为-izationindustry Heavy/light industry Basic/Chief industry Domestic/lo

9、cal industry Public/private industry Profitable/non-profitable industry 重/轻工业 基础/主要工业 国内/地方工业 公共/私人工业 盈利/非盈利产业中国常见事件中英文 The Great Leap Forward Long March The Four Modernization The Three Represents Reform and Opening up Three Bad Harvests 大跃进 长征 四个现代化 三个代表 改革开放 三年自然灾害 Initially At first,originally,t

10、o begin with,firstly,at the start,in the beginning Subsequently Afterwards,next,then,henceforth Result in Lead to,incur im Balance imbalance Possible impossible Perfect imperfect Polite impolite Personal impersonal Movable immovable Patient impatient exacerbate zsbet 使恶化，加剧 deteriorate,worsen,aggrav

11、ate,make worse Her mothers interference exacerbated the difficulties in their marriage.她母亲从中干预使他们的婚姻雪上加霜 What is the result of three bad harvests during 1959-1961?National income and the volume of foreign trade contracted National Income 国民收入 How to evaluate national income of a particular country?G

12、DP=Gross Domestic Product 国内生产总值 GNP=Gross National Product 国民生产总值 A和B是邻居，A为B修剪草坪，B给A10元钱，GDP，GNP各加10元钱。A和B结婚了，A为B修剪草坪，B给A10元钱，GDP/GNP不增加。（未在市场流通）A被国家派到美国为B修剪草坪，B给A10美金，GDP不变，GNP增加10美金。Volume of foreign trade 对外贸易额Contract n.binding agreement between persons,groups合同，合约 vt.make or become smaller 收缩，

13、减少 The heat contracted the woolen garment.高温让羊毛衣缩小了 Metals contract as they become coolers.金属遇冷会缩小Paragraph 2 Withdrawal Cancellation,abandonment放弃，取消，撤销 Economic and technical aidShift away from towards/to 从转向 There has been a shift of emphasis from manufacturing to service industries.重点已经从制造业向服务业转

14、移。The withdrawal of Soviet economic and technical aid in the early-1960s caused trade to shift away from the USSR and its Comecon partners towards Japan and Western Europe.USSR Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Comecon partners (Council for Mutual Economic Assistance)经济互助会（经互会）An economic organiza

15、tion from 1949-1991 under the leadership of the Soviet Union that comprised several countries in the world.Theme Principle Emphasis Stress,importance Place/put/lay emphasis on 强调，重视 A consistent theme of Chinas foreign trade policies has been the strong emphasis which has been placed on developing t

16、rade relations with the Third World countries.中国对外贸易政策的一贯宗旨是重视与第三世界国家发展贸易关系。Paragraph 3 Disrupt to make it difficult for sth.to continue in the normal way 扰乱，中断 Interrupt,disturb,break into Bus service will be disrupted tomorrow because of the bridge closure.Cultural Revolution Agricultural and indu

17、strial production Sharply 同义词？Transportation constraints The act of constraining 限制，约束Paragraph 4 Major role in the Four Modernizations Programme Trade agreement 贸易协定 China exports coal and oil in return for industrial equipment and technology Long-term trade agreement 长期贸易协定 EEC European Economic C

18、ommunity 欧洲经济共同体（欧盟前身）1951 France,Italy,Germany,Netherland,Belgium,Luxemburg signed EEC 1999 EEC-EUQuestion Europe is almost the same size as China but why Europe was divided into several countries but there is only one China?In the wake of sth/sb.Coming after or following 随之后 After with,following T

19、he European Union is increasing its sanctions against North Korea in the wake of its latest nuclear weapons test.在朝鲜进行了最新的核武器试验后，欧盟正在增加对其制裁。The normalization of diplomatic relations 中美外交正常化 Sino-USA agreement on trade relations 中美贸易协定 Sino-仅能做前缀，表示中国（的）Came into force Execute,take effect Accords giv

20、e sb/sth authority,status or a particular type of treatment 给予，授予 Most-favored nation treatment 最惠国待遇 A level of statues given to one country by another and enforced by the WTO.In trade,duties,shipment and other clauses.Question:What are these 4 paragraphs about?What is the purpose of this article?I

21、f you were the author,how are you going to write the following paragraphs?In what order?How to use subtitles?How to attract investors?Describe the current situation and predict the future In different ways Breakdown The Balance Shifts Direction of Trade Reserves Rise Investment EncouragedBreakdown-s

22、tatistical analysis into mutually exclusive categories 统计分析分类 Then what is a commodity breakdown of Chinas trade?中国贸易商品统计分析 Account for Take up,occupy,responsible for,with a share of Fuels 燃料 Food products 食品 Textile fibres 纺织纤维 Mineral ores 原矿石 Manufactured goods 制造品（工业产品）Textiles Chemicals Machine

23、ry and Transport equipment 纺织品 化工产品 机械及运输设备 Since the founding of the Peoples Republic,Since放句首，可以表示哪些意思？1.表示对方已知的原因 2.表示从开始 strong emphasis has been placed on importing capital equipment in order to strengthen the industrial sector.In order to To,so as to,for the purpose of,with the aim of 自从新中国建立以

24、来，中国一直重视进口资本设备以便加强工业部门。What were the main exported and imported goods?Their proportion?Please find out the information and fill in the blanksExportProportionImportProportion FuelFoodFood productsLight manufactured itemsTextile fibresMachinery and transport equipmentMineral oresManufactured goods Dur

25、ing the past few years a major objective of the Chinese authorities has been to reduce the proportion of agricultural exports,while increasing that of industrial and mineral products.That指什么？Major Chief,main,leading,primary,dominating Objective 目标 Authorities 权威（官方、当局）A wide variety of industrial go

26、ods are now exported and Chinese capital equipment has been used by a number of developing countries to establish projects in areas such as agriculture,forestry,light industry,food processing,water conservation and transport and communications.The Balance Shifts Balance 收支平衡 Why balance matters?Brea

27、k-Even Point Surplus 盈余 Deficit 赤字 The US dollar value of Chinese exports increased at an average rate of almost 18 per cent per annum between 1978 and 1983,while imports increased by approximately 11 per cent per annum.Why a nations value is always calculated by US dollar?The bankruptcy of Gold Sta

28、ndard and the rise of Breton Wood System Increase Go up,rise up,grow up,jump up,surge,rise Reduce Decrease,decline,go down,fall,fall down,drop,sink Increase at a rate of XX per cent Increase by XX per cent Increase from to Per annum Per year,per annual,annually,every year,yearly Visible trade surplu

29、s Visible trade deficit Visible trade account Trade surplus Trade deficit Sharply 同义词？the visible trade surplus rose sharply from US$1.4 billion in 1981 to US$4.4 billion in 1982 and US$3.7 billion in 1983 Exports grew much faster than imports during this period not only because of the strong emphas

30、is placed on exporting by Chinas economic planners,but also because a number of industrial projects were postponed in 1979.Postponed pospon arrange sth at a later time;defer sth 推迟，推延 Official recognition that foreign technology could play a major role in modernising the Chinese economy had caused i

31、mports to rise by more than 50 per cent in 1978 placing undue strain on the national economy.Official Administrative,authorized,formal,licensed 官方的 Recognition Recognize-recognition 意识 Major 同义词？Modernising -ize ization Place undue strain Strain:difficulty that causes worry or emotional tension;Undu

32、e Too much,unbearable Official recognition that foreign technology could play a major role in modernising the Chinese economy had caused imports to rise by more than 50 per cent in 1978 placing undue strain on the national economy.A consistent theme of Chinas foreign trade policies has been the stro

33、ng emphasis which has been placed on developing trade relations with the Third World countries.中国对外贸易政策的一贯宗旨是重视与第三世界国家发展贸易关系。Official recognition that foreign technology could play a major role in modernising the Chinese economy had caused imports to rise by more than 50 per cent in 1978 placing und

34、ue strain on the national economy.Official recognition had caused imports to rise placing undue strain.They left the classroom laughing and smiling.考题长难句技巧 长难句考什么？脑容量 1.句子本身不难，但是修饰成分长。2.大量插入语或同位语 解题技巧：找主干 带that,which,when,who,where,what等成分放一边 带介词放一边 找到主干后再加成分进去 Grain imports have fallen sharply over

35、 the past few years-China became a net grain exporter in 1984-and in 1983 the country started to export soybeans and cotton.Grain 谷物，谷类 Fallen 同义词？Sharply 同义词？The pattern of foreign trade growth was reversed in 1984:the value of exports increased by 10 per cent,but imports jumped 38 per cent with th

36、e result that the visible trade account was in deficit by US$1.1 billion.The strong increase in imports last year is attributed to buoyant economic activity as well as to the success of the Governments trade and foreign investment policies.Pattern 同义词？Reserve Keep,retain,preserve,conserve,withhold W

37、ith the result that 结果，导致 Visible trade account 有形贸易 be in deficit 出现逆差 be attributed to 归因于 Owe to,contribute to 1.owe to表示褒义，attribute to表示中性，contribute to则表示非某事件的主要原因 2.owe to只能用于主动句，而attribute to 可以用于被动句 Buoyant bujnt Brisk 上升的 As well as AndDirection of Trade Hong Kong is Chinas major export ma

38、rket accounting for approximately 26 per cent of total exports in 1983(though much is re-exported to other destinations from there).Major 同义词？Accounting for 同义词？Approximately Almost,nearly,about,around,roughly 大约 Though much is re-exported to other destinations from there.Though and Although Re-expo

39、rt Re-new Re-charge Other important markets include Japan,with a share of 20 per cent in 1983,and the USA with approximately 8 per cent.With a share of 同义词？Approximately 同义词？The EECs share of Chinas exports has generally been around 11-12 per cent over the past few years(the leading export markets w

40、ithin the European Community are Germany and the United Kingdom),while the proportion destined for the Comecon countries declined from almost 15 per cent in 1978 to 6 per cent in 1983.Generally 通常 Leading 同义词？Proportion Share,percentage 比例 Destine Design 指定 Comecon-啥玩意？Decline 同义词？Decline/increase f

41、rom.to.从上升/下降至 The non-oil developing countries(excluding Hong Kong)accounted for 23 per cent of Chinas total exports in 1983.What is non-oil developing countries?如何说非石油发达国家？In sharp contrast the developing countries provided less than 15 per cent of Chinas imports in 1983.The most important supplie

42、rs among the industrial countries were Japan,with a share of 26 per cent,and the USA with 13 per cent.The EECs share in 1983 was 15 per cent and that of Comecon 8.2 per cent.Sharp contrast 鲜明对比 The successful outcome to negotiations between Britain and China about the future of Hong Kong will streng

43、then Sino-British relations and is expected to boost trade between the two countries.Boost stimulate,promote,develop 推动、促进 A large British economic and trade delegation,headed by Lord Young,Minister without Portfolio,visited China in March.Delegation A group of representatives 代表团 Lord Young 勋爵 Sir

44、Alex Ferguson 骑士 Minister without Portfolio 不管部部长Homework The value of Chinese exports to Britain,which rose rapidly between 1977 and 1980,declined in 1981-1982,but recovered strongly in 1983;imports from the United Kingdom followed a similar pattern.The most important Chinese exports to Britain in

45、1983 were clothing,textile fibres,tea and food products while the leading British exports included iron and steel,machinery and transport equipment,scientific instruments,chemicals and textile fibres.Chinese officials stress the importance of introducing advanced technology to domestic industry,but

46、the need is for technology of varying degrees of sophistication,not necessarily for advanced technology as that term is understood in the West.Question After reading these parts,can you find any opportunities of trading with China?To be continued The value of Chinese exports to Britain,which rose ra

47、pidly between 1977 and 1980,declined in 1981-1982,but recovered strongly in 1983;imports from the United Kingdom followed a similar pattern.The most important Chinese exports to Britain in 1983 were clothing,textile fibres,tea and food products while the leading British exports included iron and ste

48、el,machinery and transport equipment,scientific instruments,chemicals and textile fibres.Chinese officials stress the importance of introducing advanced technology to domestic industry,but the need is for technology of varying degrees of sophistication,not necessarily for advanced technology as that

49、 term is understood in the West.中国政府重视向国内的工业引进先进的的技术，但是需要的是各种程度不同的精尖技术，而不一定是西方人所理解的先进技术。Reserves Rise What is reverse?Why did the author discuss the rise of reverse?Why is it important?There are no official statistics covering the invisible account of the balance of payments,but the size of the visi

50、ble trade surplus during 1981-1983 and a pronounced increase in earnings from tourism suggest that the current account has been in surplus over the past few years.Official 同义词？Invisible account&Visible account Balance of payment The statistical record of a countrys international transactions over a