The-Greek-Civilization-(教学讲解课件.ppt

1、The Greek Civilization(古希腊文明)PPTJohn 3:16“The glory that was Greece.the grandeur that was Rome”To Helen Helen,thy beauty is to meLike those Nicean barks of yoreThat gently,oer a perfumed sea,The weary,way-worn wanderer boreTo his own native shore.On desperate seas long wont to roam,Thy hyacinth hair

2、,thy classic face,Thy Naiad airs have brought me homeTo the glory that was Greece,And the grandeur that was Rome.Lo,in yon brilliant window-nicheHow statue-like I see thee stand,The agate lamp within thy hand,Ah!Psyche,from the regions whichAre Holy Land!Edgar Allan Poe(1809 1849),American author,po

3、et,editor and literary critic.John 3:16Helen of Sparta In Greek mythology,Helen of Troy,also known as Helen of Sparta,was the daughter of Zeus and Leda,wife of Menelaus(legendary king of Mycenaean Sparta).Her abduction(诱拐)by Paris(the son of Priam,king of Troy)brought about the Trojan War.John 3:16G

4、reek Contributions to the Western Civilization and the Modern World Greece is the cradle of Western civilization,the origin of drama and history and philosophy,and the birthplace of democracy as well.It is hard to imagine what civilized life would be like today without the influence of ancient Greec

5、e.Thus,Greece has made several long lasting contributions,especially in classical art,drama,medicine,architecture,sports,mathematics,philosophy,and government.The Greek culture has had a very profound impact on the way people live nowadays.John 3:16Greek classical artDiscus ThrowerVenus de Milo Laoc

6、oon and his sons John 3:16 The arts of ancient Greece have exercised an enormous influence on the culture of many countries all over the world,particularly in the area of sculpture.In the West,the art of the Roman Empire was largely derived from Greek models.In the East,Alexander the Greats conquest

7、s initiated several centuries of exchange between Greek,Central Asian and Indian cultures,resulting in Greco-Buddhist art.Well into the 19th century,the classical tradition derived from Greece dominated the art of the western world.John 3:16 Ancient Greek architecture is best known from its temples,

8、many of which are found throughout the region,mostly as ruins but many substantially intact.Parthenon(帕台农神殿)Ancient Greek architectureJohn 3:16The second important type of building is the open-air theatre,with the earliest dating from around 350 BC.Theatre of Dionysus(狄俄狄俄尼索斯圆形剧场尼索斯圆形剧场)John 3:16Bei

9、jingShanghaiZhejiangJohn 3:16 Other architectural forms are the processional gateway,the public square surrounded by colonnade,the town council building,the public monument,the monumental tomb and the stadium.the public monumentthe processional gatewayJohn 3:16John 3:16Ancient Greek medicine The mos

10、t important figure in ancient Greek medicine is the physician Hippocrates,known as the“Father of Medicine”.Hippocrates and his students developed the Hippocratic Oath(医学生誓词)for physicians,still in use today.The Greek Galen was one of the greatest surgeons of the ancient world and performed many auda

11、cious operationsincluding brain and eye surgeries.The writings of Hippocrates,Galen,and others had a lasting influence on Islamic medicine and Medieval European medicine.Hippocrates(460 BC-370 BC),the Father of Modern Medicine John 3:16 Ancient Greek dramaThe Greeks were the first people to write an

12、d perform plays,presented twice a year to honor the god Dionysus.The ancient Greek drama is a theatrical culture that flourished in ancient Greece between 550 and 220 BC.The city-state of Athens,a significant cultural,political and military power during this period,was its centre.Tragedy(late 6th ce

13、ntury BC),.edy(486 BC),and the satyr play(羊人劇)were the three dramatic genres to emerge there.Athens exported the festival to its numerous colonies and allies in order to promote a.mon cultural identity.Western theatre originated in Athens and its drama has had a significant and sustained impact on W

14、estern culture as a whole.John 3:16Aeschylus(525BC 456 BC)First of great writers of tragedies Aeschyluss“Oresteia”(俄瑞斯忒亚)trilogy show how the consequences of ones deeds are carried down from generation to generation.Its moral is that the law of the.munity,not personal revenge,should decide punishmen

15、t.2020/3/17John 3:1614John 3:16Sophocles(497 BC 405 BC)Sophocles,the next generation,accepted human suffering as unavoidable but stressed human courage and.passion His“Oedipus Rex”(俄狄甫斯)depicts the plight of Oedipus,a king,who is doomed to kill his father and marry his mother.2020/3/17John 3:1615Joh

16、n 3:16Euripides(480 BC 406 BC)Euripides,the last the three greatest Greek tragedians,focused on the human characteristics that bring disaster to them Euripides hated war and many of his plays show the tragedy that war brings.2020/3/17John 3:1616John 3:16Aristophanes,the most famous writer of.edies,c

17、reated imaginative social satire.Eleven of his forty plays survive virtually.plete.Known as the Father of.edy and the Prince of Ancient.edy,Aristophanes has been said to recreate the life of ancient Athens more convincingly than any other author.2020/3/17John 3:1617Aristophanes(446 BC 386 BC)John 3:

18、16Ancient Greek sports The Greeks took games of all kinds very seriously,especially physical athletic.petition.The Greeks believed that their gods particularly loved to see strong,fit,graceful human bodies,especially boys and mens bodies.So one way to get on the good side of the gods was to exercise

19、,to eat right,to oil the skin,to create a beautiful body that the gods would love.Because of the Greek tendency to turn everything into a.petition,this also meant that there were a lot of athletic.petitions in Greece.The most famous of these is the Olympic Games.John 3:16John 3:16Ancient Greek philo

20、sophy Ancient Greek philosophy dealt with a wide variety of subjects,including political philosophy,ethics,metaphysics(形而上学),ontology(本体论),logic,biology,rhetoric,and aesthetics.Greek philosophy has influenced much of Western thought since its inception(开端).Socrates,Aristotle and Plato are some of th

21、e most well known philosophers in the world.John 3:16 Socrates(469 BC 399 BC)an ancient Greek philosopher and one of the pillars of the Western tradition.Having left behind no writings of his own,he is known mainly through Plato,one of his students.Plato used the life of his teacher and the Socratic

22、 method of inquiry to advance a philosophy of idealism that would.e to influence later Christian thought and the development of Western civilization.John 3:16 Plato(424BC 348BC),Greek philosopher,mathematician,student of Socrates,writer of philosophical dialogues,and founder of the Academy in Athens

23、,the first institution of higher learning in the Western world.Along with his mentor,Socrates,and his student,Aristotle,Plato helped to lay the foundations of Western philosophy and science.John 3:16 Aristotle(384 BC 322 BC)a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great.His writings cover man

24、y subjects,including physics,metaphysics,poetry,theater,music,logic,rhetoric,linguistics,politics,government,ethics,biology,and zoology.Together with Plato and Socrates(Platos teacher),Aristotle is one of the most important founding figures in Western philosophy.Aristotles writings were the first to

25、 create a.prehensive system of Western philosophy.John 3:16Ancient Greek mathematicians Of all the worlds most famous mathematicians,many noted and valuable mathematical solutions,theories and facts are thanks to the ancient Greeks.From the Pythagorean theorem(勾股定理)to the distance between the sun an

26、d the earth and various geometrical observations,the contributions of ancient Greek mathematicians to the field of mathematics are indispensable.Those great minds with the fruits of their labor have made man what he is today.Some famous Greek mathematicians were:Pythagoras (毕达哥拉斯),Aristotle(亚里斯多德),A

27、naxagoras(阿那克萨哥拉),Euclid(欧几里得),Archimedes(阿基米德),Thales(泰利斯),and Aristarchus(阿里斯塔克斯).John 3:16PythagorasPythagoras TheoremJohn 3:16AristotleThe favorite game among Aristotle and his peers was to draw the diagram and then explore which questions could be answered about the diagrams lengths,angles,and

28、areas.John 3:16AnaxagorasAnaxagoras attempts to square the circle John 3:16Euclids construction of the inscribed pentagon John 3:16ArchimedesArea and volume formulas.Archimedes solved the sphere.the Area and Perimeter of a Circle and Using Archimedes Method John 3:16ThalesThales Theorem Thales Circl

29、eJohn 3:16 AristarchusAristarchus geometric construction used to estimate the distance to the sunAristarchus manuscript John 3:16AncientGreekgovernment The Greeks had a lot of different kinds of governments,because there were many different city-states in ancient Greece,and they each had their own g

30、overnment.In addition,peoples ideas about what made a good government changed over time.Map of the city-states of ancient Greece John 3:16 Aristotle divided Greek governments into monarchies(君主制),oligarchies(寡头专制),tyrannies(暴政专制)and democracies,and most historians still use these same divisions.John

31、 3:16 For the most part,Greece began by having monarchies,then oligarchies,then tyrannies and then democracies,but at each period there were plenty of city-states using a different system,and there were many which never did be.e democracies or tyrannies at all.John 3:16留学（英美澳法加新六国）租房留学（英美澳法加新六国）租房.6

32、apt.留学公寓在线隶属于同维思创网络科技（北京）有限责任公司。公司总部位于国家级大学科技园-中国人民大学文化科技园。.6apt.提供免费的海外学生公寓在线预订服务,不收取任何手续费或中介费。留学生直接向海外学生公寓支付费用,无任何中间环节。John 3:16留学（英美澳法加新六国）租房留学（英美澳法加新六国）租房 最低价格：最低价格：不论在任何城市，不论在任何城市，.6apt.确保为您提供最佳价格。确保为您提供最佳价格。无需支付任何预定中介费用：无需支付任何预定中介费用：.6apt.提供免费的海外学生公寓在线预订服务，不收取提供免费的海外学生公寓在线预订服务，不收取任何费用。任何费用。预订安

33、全可靠：预订安全可靠：.6apt.学生公寓在线预订系统安全可靠，您的支付信息学生公寓在线预订系统安全可靠，您的支付信息和个人信息都被加密。我们以最高的标准来保护您的隐和个人信息都被加密。我们以最高的标准来保护您的隐私。私。公众媒体：公众媒体：企业新闻企业新闻Facebook人人网人人网Twitter新浪微新浪微博博.公众平台公众平台 联系我们：联系我们：中国中国:400-078-3006,info6apt.邮编邮编:100872,北京市海淀区北京市海淀区,中关村大街甲中关村大街甲59号号,人民大学文化大厦人民大学文化大厦1206A室室 英国英国:+44(0)114-2753836,info6a

34、pt.110ProvincialHouse,SollyStreet,Sheffield,S14BA,UKJohn 3:16留学（英美澳法加新六国）租房留学（英美澳法加新六国）租房 公众媒体：公众媒体：企业新闻企业新闻Facebook人人网人人网Twitter新浪微新浪微博博.公众平台公众平台 联系我们：联系我们：中国中国:400-078-3006,info6apt.邮编邮编:100872,北京市海淀区北京市海淀区,中关村大街甲中关村大街甲59号号,人民大学文化大厦人民大学文化大厦1206A室室 英国英国:+44(0)114-2753836,info6apt.110ProvincialHouse,SollyStreet,Sheffield,S14BA,UKJohn 3:16Bye Bye