儿科急救处理课件.ppt
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- 儿科 急救 处理 课件
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1、EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT CPR basic life support ABCA AAirwayAirwayB BBreathingBreathingC CCirculationCirculation与小儿复苏有关的解剖生理特点与小儿复苏有关的解剖生理特点 头部相对较大,枕凸明显头部相对较大,枕凸明显:意识不清时头易前倾阻塞气道意识不清时头易前倾阻塞气道 颈短且胖颈短且胖:小婴儿触摸颈动脉搏动困难小婴儿触摸颈动脉搏动困难 易有气道阻塞易有气道阻塞 气管软骨柔弱,气道狭小,易因炎症水肿而梗塞气管软骨柔弱,气道狭小,易因炎症水肿而梗塞Character of anatomy and
2、 physiology of children The narrowest part of airwayinfant:cricoid cartilage adult:vocal cord Indication of CPR Loss of consciousness Loss of consciousness No respirations or invalid breathing or invalid breathing No arteriopalmus or heart sound,or No arteriopalmus or heart sound,or 60/min,60/min,Ne
3、onate 80/Neonate 80/分分 neonate in delivery room 100neonate in delivery room 8 yearsTwo people-change over within 5s双人复苏双人复苏l 第二个人在对侧,负责胸外按压第二个人在对侧,负责胸外按压l 第一个人负责呼吸,并指挥抢救第一个人负责呼吸,并指挥抢救l注意记录抢救开始时间、方法、复苏注意记录抢救开始时间、方法、复苏成功时间成功时间2.平卧位双指按压法平卧位双指按压法 复苏者一手置于患儿复苏者一手置于患儿后背后背,另一手,另一手食指食指和中指和中指置于置于两乳头连线水平两乳头连线水
4、平,向后背按压,向后背按压,使胸骨下陷使胸骨下陷23cm。注意消除死腔。注意消除死腔。双指按压法双指按压法3.单掌环抱按压法单掌环抱按压法 For neonater and preterm infant。Four fingers on the back,thumb on the protothorax Position:the same before4.双手环抱按压法双手环抱按压法 用于婴儿和新生儿。用于婴儿和新生儿。双手围绕患儿胸部,双手围绕患儿胸部,双拇指并列或重叠于前胸,双拇指并列或重叠于前胸,其余两手手指置患儿后背其余两手手指置患儿后背 相对按压,使胸廓下陷相对按压,使胸廓下陷1.52
5、cm。注意:人工呼吸注意:人工呼吸时不宜停时不宜停止心脏按压止心脏按压 Effictive appearanceCan touch artery pulsationEnlarged pupil contracted,light reflex recoverOral lips,nail bed colortension of muscle sthengthen or involuntary movementspontaneously breathing;SRDrugs,D Attention:Attention:consider early administration of consider
6、early administration of antibiotics or corticosteroids if antibiotics or corticosteroids if clinical status.clinical status.Pharmacotherapy can not instead of Pharmacotherapy can not instead of AR and cardiac compression.AR and cardiac compression.药物治疗决不能取代人工呼吸与心脏按压。药物治疗决不能取代人工呼吸与心脏按压。Allergic emerg
7、encies Allergic emergencies(Anaphylaxis)(Anaphylaxis)1.DefinitionDefinition:is the clinical syndrome of immediate hypersensitivity.It is characterized by cardiovascular collapse and respiratory compromise,as well as cutaneous and gastrointestinal symptoms(e.g.urticaria,emesis).2.Initial management 2
8、.Initial management 1)ABCs 2)Medicine:Epinephrine/Albuterol/H1-receptor antihistamine /corticosteroids:3.Hypotension Trendelenburg position(head below feet)/normal saline/Epinephrine Respiratoty Emergencies hallmark of upper airway obstructionis:inspiratory stridor;lower airway obstruction:cough,whe
9、eze,a prolonged expiratory phase.1.Asthma1.Asthma2.Upper respiratory tract 2.Upper respiratory tract obstructionobstruction 1)Epiglottitis 1)Epiglottitis 2)2)CroupCroup 3)3)Foreign body aspirationForeign body aspiration Asthma Oxygen to keep saturation=95%Inhaled-agonists epinephrine SC or terbutali
10、ne corticosteroids very poor air movement/unable to cooperate no response after one nebulizer/steroid dependent 1Assessment:HR,Brething Rate O2 saturation,peak expiratory flow rate use of accessory muscles,pulsus paradoxus(20mmHg difference in systolic BP for inspiratory vs expiratory),dyspnea,alert
11、ness,color.2.Initial management 3.Further management if incomplete or poor response 4.intubation:intubation of those with acute sathma is dangerous and should bu reserved for impending respiratory arrest continue nebulization therapy continue nebulization therapy/space interval as tolerated/space in
12、terval as toleratedadditional nebulized bronchodilators aminophyline IV bolus,then continuous infusion terbutaline load followed by continuous infusion magnesium IV/IM Upper airway obstruction 1.Epiglottitis is a true emergency requiring immediate intubation.any manipulation,including aggressive phy
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