余热锅炉介绍-课件.ppt

1、 内内 容容 简简 介介Content一一.水泥窑余热锅炉水泥窑余热锅炉 Cement Kiln Waste Heat Boiler二二.玻璃窑余热锅炉玻璃窑余热锅炉 Glass Smelting Furnace Waste Heat Boiler三三.烧结余热锅炉烧结余热锅炉 Sintering Waste Heat Boiler四四.电石余热锅炉电石余热锅炉 Carbide Waste Heat Boiler五五.其他余热锅炉其他余热锅炉 Other Waste Heat Boiler一、水泥窑余热锅炉一、水泥窑余热锅炉Cement Kiln Waste Heat Boiler1.1.工作

2、原理及基本组成工作原理及基本组成 Working principles and basic components2.2.锅炉结构及特点锅炉结构及特点 Boiler structure and features一、水泥窑余热锅炉一、水泥窑余热锅炉Cement Kiln Waste Heat Boiler1.1.工作原理及基本组成工作原理及基本组成 Working principles and basic components1.11.1水泥窑余热来源水泥窑余热来源(Source of Cement Kiln Waste Heat)纯低温余热发电系统中热源来源于两部分纯低温余热发电系统中热源来源于

3、两部分:The heat source of pure low temperature waste heat power system comes from 2 parts:窑尾预热器预热生料后产生的废气；窑尾预热器预热生料后产生的废气；Waste gas produced by the preheater in kiln tail preheats raw meal；窑头冷却机冷却熟料后的热空气。窑头冷却机冷却熟料后的热空气。Hot air produced by cooling machine in kiln head cools clinker.窑头冷却器窑头冷却器Air Quenchi

4、ng Cooler悬浮预热器悬浮预热器(窑外分解窑外分解)Suspension Preheater带悬浮预热器的水泥回转窑带悬浮预热器的水泥回转窑Cement rotary kiln that has suspension preheater220350窑头余热锅炉窑头余热锅炉Kiln head Waste Heat BoilerAQC HRSG300370窑尾余热锅炉窑尾余热锅炉Kiln rear Waste Heat BoilerSP HRSG空气冷却器空气冷却器Air Quenching Cooler悬浮预热器悬浮预热器SuspensionPreheater一、水泥窑余热锅炉一、水泥窑余

5、热锅炉Cement Kiln Waste Heat Boiler一、水泥窑余热锅炉一、水泥窑余热锅炉Cement Kiln Waste Heat Boiler1.1.工作原理及基本组成工作原理及基本组成 Working principles and basic components1.21.2余热烟气特点余热烟气特点 Waste heat smoke features 1)1)烟气温度低；烟气温度低；400400；Low temperature of smoke；400 2)2)烟尘特性强；多灰，细颗粒，烟尘特性强；多灰，细颗粒，Obvious features of dusts;lots o

6、f ash,fine particles 3)3)生产过程中两种热源温度和流量均有波动。生产过程中两种热源温度和流量均有波动。There are fluctuations in two kinds of thermal temperature and flow.窑尾废气：产量变化不大时，相对稳定。窑尾废气：产量变化不大时，相对稳定。Waste gas in kiln rear：relatively stable when little changed occurred in production 窑头废气：随工艺波动比较大窑头废气：随工艺波动比较大,热源不稳定。热源不稳定。Waste gas

7、in kiln head：fluctuated with processes,heat source is unstable.一、水泥窑余热锅炉一、水泥窑余热锅炉Cement Kiln Waste Heat Boiler1.1.工作原理及基本组成工作原理及基本组成 Working principles and basic components Working principles and basic components1.31.3水泥窑余热发电系统水泥窑余热发电系统 Cement Kiln Waste Heat Power System Cement Kiln Waste Heat Powe

8、r System凝结水泵锅炉给水泵除氧器冷凝器发电机汽轮机窑头余热锅炉粉尘分离器窑尾预热器回转窑冷却机窑尾余热锅炉去窑头电除尘器去生料烘干窑尾高温风机一、水泥窑余热锅炉一、水泥窑余热锅炉Cement Kiln Waste Heat Boiler2.2.锅炉结构及特点锅炉结构及特点 Boiler structure and features Boiler structure and features2.12.1锅炉结构锅炉结构 Boiler structure Boiler structure 锅炉立式布置锅炉立式布置Vertical positoned boiler烟气上进下出烟气上进下出Sm

9、oke comes in from upside and comes out from down side一、水泥窑余热锅炉一、水泥窑余热锅炉Cement Kiln Waste Heat Boiler2.2.锅炉结构及特点锅炉结构及特点 Boiler structure Boiler structure and features and features2.12.1锅炉结构锅炉结构 Boiler structure Boiler structure AQC AQC锅炉锅炉 AQC AQC Boiler Boiler 一、水泥窑余热锅炉一、水泥窑余热锅炉Cement Kiln Waste Hea

10、t Boiler2.2.锅炉结构及特点锅炉结构及特点(Boiler structure and features)(Boiler structure and features)2.12.1锅炉结构锅炉结构(Boiler structure)(Boiler structure)SPSP锅炉锅炉 SP SP BoilerBoiler一、水泥窑余热锅炉一、水泥窑余热锅炉Cement Kiln Waste Heat Boiler2.2.锅炉结构及特点锅炉结构及特点(Boiler structure and features)(Boiler structure and features)2.12.1锅炉

11、结构锅炉结构(Boiler structure)(Boiler structure)一、水泥窑余热锅炉一、水泥窑余热锅炉Cement Kiln Waste Heat Boiler2.2.锅炉结构及特点锅炉结构及特点(Boiler structure and features)(Boiler structure and features)2.12.1锅炉结构锅炉结构(Boiler structure)(Boiler structure)一、水泥窑余热锅炉一、水泥窑余热锅炉Cement Kiln Waste Heat Boiler2.2.锅炉结构及特点锅炉结构及特点 Boiler structur

12、e and features Boiler structure and features2.22.2产品系列产品系列:Products Series:Products Series:2500t/d2500t/dAQCAQC Boiler:Boiler:QC150/370-11.7(4.5)-1.6/350(0.35/185)SPSP Boiler:Boiler:QC195/330-13.5-1.6/3105000t/d5000t/dAQCAQC Boiler:Boiler:QC260/380-23(6.6)-1.6/350(0.35/185)SPSP Boiler:Boiler:QC380/3

13、20-21.8-1.6/300一、水泥窑余热锅炉一、水泥窑余热锅炉Cement Kiln Waste Heat Boiler2.2.锅炉结构及特点锅炉结构及特点(Boiler structure and features)(Boiler structure and features)2.32.3锅炉主要特点锅炉主要特点(Main characters of boiler)(Main characters of boiler)1 1）窑尾烟气中含有大量粉尘，烟尘量为）窑尾烟气中含有大量粉尘，烟尘量为70100g/Nm370100g/Nm3，且粉尘细，容易在锅炉，且粉尘细，容易在锅炉受热面上积灰，

14、影响锅炉受热面的传热效果，致使锅炉出力降低，发电量降低受热面上积灰，影响锅炉受热面的传热效果，致使锅炉出力降低，发电量降低，因此解决好锅炉受热面积灰问题是窑尾余热锅炉最基本也是必须解决的问题，因此解决好锅炉受热面积灰问题是窑尾余热锅炉最基本也是必须解决的问题。一般采用光管结构，并利用机械振打的方式除去受热面上的积灰。一般采用光管结构，并利用机械振打的方式除去受热面上的积灰。The smoke of kiln rear contains a lot of dusts;the amount of The smoke of kiln rear contains a lot of dusts;the

15、amount of smoke is 70100g/Nm3.Small dusts may easily deposited on the heating smoke is 70100g/Nm3.Small dusts may easily deposited on the heating surface of boiler,thus reduce the output of boiler and its surface of boiler,thus reduce the output of boiler and its generated energy.generated energy.As

16、 a result,dusts deposition of the heating As a result,dusts deposition of the heating surface is a basic problem that needs to solve.Light tube is surface is a basic problem that needs to solve.Light tube is usually used,and mechanical vibration,Is used to remove ash.usually used,and mechanical vibr

17、ation,Is used to remove ash.一、水泥窑余热锅炉一、水泥窑余热锅炉Cement Kiln Waste Heat Boiler2.2.锅炉结构及特点锅炉结构及特点(Boiler structure and features)(Boiler structure and features)2.32.3锅炉主要特点锅炉主要特点(Main characters of boiler)(Main characters of boiler)2 2）窑头余热烟气中烟尘量）窑头余热烟气中烟尘量30 g/Nm330 g/Nm3，粉尘主要是熟料粉尘，颗粒比较硬，粉尘主要是熟料粉尘，颗粒比较硬

18、，对受热面的磨损比较大。一般受热面采用螺旋翅片管和低烟速结构。对受热面的磨损比较大。一般受热面采用螺旋翅片管和低烟速结构。Waste amount of kiln head30 g/Nm3 Waste amount of kiln head30 g/Nm3，main dust ismain dust is clinker dust,which is hard and seriously tear the heating surface.Spiral finned which is hard and seriously tear the heating surface.Spiral finned

19、 tube and low speed of smoke structure are usually used.tube and low speed of smoke structure are usually used.3 3）漏风会影响系统引风机和锅炉的热利用率，因此解决锅炉的漏风是余热利）漏风会影响系统引风机和锅炉的热利用率，因此解决锅炉的漏风是余热利用的关键的问题，锅炉本体一般采用全钢护板结构。用的关键的问题，锅炉本体一般采用全钢护板结构。Air leakage will reduce the thermal efficiency of system Air leakage will

20、reduce the thermal efficiency of system induced draft fan and boiler.so,to solve the air leakage problem induced draft fan and boiler.so,to solve the air leakage problem is the key are to use waste heat.Boiler body usually use whole is the key are to use waste heat.Boiler body usually use whole stee

21、l structure of guard plate.steel structure of guard plate.二、玻璃窑余热锅炉二、玻璃窑余热锅炉Glass Smelting Furnace Waste Heat Boiler1.1.工作原理及基本组成工作原理及基本组成 Working principles and basic components Working principles and basic components2.2.锅炉结构及特点锅炉结构及特点 Boiler structure and features Boiler structure and features二、玻璃

22、窑余热锅炉二、玻璃窑余热锅炉Glass Smelting Furnace Waste Heat Boiler1.1.工作原理及基本组成工作原理及基本组成(Working principles and basic components)(Working principles and basic components)1.11.1玻璃窑分类玻璃窑分类(The classification of Glass Smelting Furnace)(The classification of Glass Smelting Furnace)窑池按使用热源分为三类：窑池按使用热源分为三类：According

23、to heat source,kilns are divided into 3 class:According to heat source,kilns are divided into 3 class:a a、火焰窑。以燃料燃烧为热能来源。、火焰窑。以燃料燃烧为热能来源。Flame kiln Flame kiln。Use Use fuel combustion as heat source.as heat source.b b、电热窑。以电能为热量来源。、电热窑。以电能为热量来源。electric heating kiln electric heating kiln。Use Use elec

24、tricity as heat source.as heat source.c c、火焰、火焰-电热窑。以燃料为主要热源，电能为辅助热源。电热窑。以燃料为主要热源，电能为辅助热源。Flame Flame -electric heating kiln-electric heating kiln 。Use Use fuel combustion as main heat source,as main heat source,and and electricity as as auxiliary heat sourceheat source.我国目前主要是采用火焰窑。我国目前主要是采用火焰窑。(Ch

25、ina now mainly used flame kiln(China now mainly used flame kiln.)窑池按窑的规模分为三类：窑池按窑的规模分为三类：According to the scale,kilns are divided into 3 class:According to the scale,kilns are divided into 3 class:a a、大型窑。日产玻璃液、大型窑。日产玻璃液150t150t以上。以上。Large kiln Large kiln。Glass melt is produced 150t/day 150t/day abo

26、ve.b b、中型窑。日产玻璃液、中型窑。日产玻璃液50150t50150t。Middle sized kiln Middle sized kiln 。Glass melt is produced 50150t/day.50150t/day.c c、小型窑。日产玻璃液、小型窑。日产玻璃液50t50t以下以下。Small kiln Small kiln 。Glass melt is produced less than 50t/day./day.二、玻璃窑余热锅炉二、玻璃窑余热锅炉Glass Smelting Furnace Waste Heat Boiler1.1.工作原理及基本组成工作原理及

27、基本组成(Working principles and basic components)(Working principles and basic components)1.21.2玻璃窑生产过程玻璃窑生产过程(Production Process of Glass Smelting Furnace)(Production Process of Glass Smelting Furnace)玻璃窑采用蓄热式高温空气燃烧技术：玻璃窑采用蓄热式高温空气燃烧技术：Glass Smelting Furnace uses Glass Smelting Furnace uses heat storage

28、 high temperature air combustion technology：每座玻璃窑的左右各设置一座蓄热室；每座玻璃窑的左右各设置一座蓄热室；The right and left side of every Glass Smelting Furnace sets one The right and left side of every Glass Smelting Furnace sets one regenerator；采用换向燃烧方式，每采用换向燃烧方式，每2020分钟换向一次；分钟换向一次；use use commutation combustion mode,direct

29、ion is changed every 20 minutes；烟气和空气交替经过蓄热室，被冷却和加热烟气和空气交替经过蓄热室，被冷却和加热Cooled or heated smoke and air alternatively passed through regeneratorCooled or heated smoke and air alternatively passed through regenerator经加热的空气送至玻璃窑，参与燃烧经加热的空气送至玻璃窑，参与燃烧Heated air is sent to Glass Smelting Furnace Heated air

30、is sent to Glass Smelting Furnace，and participated in combustionand participated in combustion冷却后的烟气离开蓄热室进入总烟道，然后排向烟囱。冷却后的烟气离开蓄热室进入总烟道，然后排向烟囱。Cooled smoke leaves regenerator to Cooled smoke leaves regenerator to general flue,then exhausted to chimney二、玻璃窑余热锅炉二、玻璃窑余热锅炉Glass Smelting Furnace Waste Hea

31、t Boiler1.1.工作原理及基本组成工作原理及基本组成 Working principles and basic components Working principles and basic components1.31.3玻璃窑余热利用流程玻璃窑余热利用流程 Waste heat utilization process of Glass Smelting Furnace Waste heat utilization process of Glass Smelting Furnace二、玻璃窑余热锅炉二、玻璃窑余热锅炉Glass Smelting Furnace Waste Heat

32、Boiler1.1.工作原理及基本组成工作原理及基本组成 Working principles and basic components Working principles and basic components1.41.4常用玻璃窑余热发电系统工艺流程图常用玻璃窑余热发电系统工艺流程图 Process chart of waste heat power system in Glass Smelting Furnace Process chart of waste heat power system in Glass Smelting Furnace二、玻璃窑余热锅炉二、玻璃窑余热锅炉Gl

33、ass Smelting Furnace Waste Heat Boiler2.2.锅炉结构及特点锅炉结构及特点(Boiler structure and features)(Boiler structure and features)2.12.1锅炉结构锅炉结构(Boiler structure)(Boiler structure)二、玻璃窑余热锅炉二、玻璃窑余热锅炉Glass Smelting Furnace Waste Heat Boiler2.2.锅炉结构及特点锅炉结构及特点 Boiler structure and features Boiler structure and feat

34、ures2.12.1锅炉结构锅炉结构 Boiler structure Boiler structure二、玻璃窑余热锅炉二、玻璃窑余热锅炉Glass Smelting Furnace Waste Heat Boiler2.2.锅炉结构及特点锅炉结构及特点 Boiler structure and features Boiler structure and features2.22.2锅炉产品系列锅炉产品系列 Products SeriesProducts Series900t/d:900t/d:Q90/420-10.54-1.57/390500t/d500t/d:Q54/410-5.92-1

35、.86/380300t/d300t/d:Q39/390-3.9-1.76/360二、玻璃窑余热锅炉二、玻璃窑余热锅炉Glass Smelting Furnace Waste Heat Boiler2.2.锅炉结构及特点（锅炉结构及特点（Boiler structure and featuresBoiler structure and features）2.32.3锅炉主要特点（锅炉主要特点（Main characters of boilerMain characters of boiler）为了实现系统安全、稳定运行的目的，同时提高锅炉的热效率，锅炉为了实现系统安全、稳定运行的目的，同时提高锅

36、炉的热效率，锅炉在整个设计中要采取一系列有效措施：在整个设计中要采取一系列有效措施：To improve the performance of boilers,some efficient To improve the performance of boilers,some efficient measures are used:1 1）、系统负压运行，为降低锅炉的漏风系数，保证玻璃生产系统的稳定）、系统负压运行，为降低锅炉的漏风系数，保证玻璃生产系统的稳定，锅炉应采用全密封设计：炉墙采用轻型金属护板炉墙；人孔、穿墙，锅炉应采用全密封设计：炉墙采用轻型金属护板炉墙；人孔、穿墙管、护板接缝等地方

37、的密封均应进行精心的布置。管、护板接缝等地方的密封均应进行精心的布置。To reduce the To reduce the air leakage coefficient and to ensure the stability of glass production system,whole sealing is used;light metal guard plates are used in furnace;light metal guard plates are used in furnace;carefully deal carefully deal with the sealed

38、areas,such as with the sealed areas,such as manhole,wall pipes,joint of guard plate.2 2）、采用热力计算和水动力计算协同优化蒸发器受热面结构。）、采用热力计算和水动力计算协同优化蒸发器受热面结构。Use Use thermodynamic calculation and hydrodynamic calculation collaboratively optimize the heating surface of evaporator.二、玻璃窑余热锅炉二、玻璃窑余热锅炉Glass Smelting Furn

39、ace Waste Heat Boiler2.2.锅炉结构及特点（锅炉结构及特点（Boiler structure and featuresBoiler structure and features）2.32.3锅炉主要特点（锅炉主要特点（Main characters of boilerMain characters of boiler）3 3）、针对玻璃窑余热锅炉的烟尘特点，）、针对玻璃窑余热锅炉的烟尘特点，选取蒸汽选取蒸汽+热水喷淋相结合的方式热水喷淋相结合的方式 进行吹灰，保证锅炉的吹灰效果。进行吹灰，保证锅炉的吹灰效果。According to the features of Acc

40、ording to the features of smoke that is from the Glass smoke that is from the Glass Smelting Furnace Waste Heat Smelting Furnace Waste Heat Boiler Boiler，use a combination of use a combination of steam+hot water spraying steam+hot water spraying ensure the ensure the soot blowing effect4 4）、针对玻璃窑炉的烟

41、尘特点，锅炉设计选用合适的灰污染系数，布置足够的受热）、针对玻璃窑炉的烟尘特点，锅炉设计选用合适的灰污染系数，布置足够的受热面积以保证锅炉出力。面积以保证锅炉出力。According to the features of Glass Smelting Furnace According to the features of Glass Smelting Furnace，proper ash proper ash pollution pollution coefficients are designed,and adequate heating areas are dequate heating

42、 areas are laid out to ensure the output of boiler.laid out to ensure the output of boiler.二、玻璃窑余热锅炉二、玻璃窑余热锅炉Glass Smelting Furnace Waste Heat Boiler2.2.锅炉结构及特点（锅炉结构及特点（Boiler structure and featuresBoiler structure and features）2.32.3锅炉主要特点（锅炉主要特点（Main characters of boilerMain characters of boiler）5

43、 5）、考虑到锅炉烟气含硫，设计时省煤器分段布置，低温段采用防露点腐蚀的材料）、考虑到锅炉烟气含硫，设计时省煤器分段布置，低温段采用防露点腐蚀的材料 -ND -ND钢，以方便日后的维修和更换。钢，以方便日后的维修和更换。Because Because sulfur is contented in the smoke,economizer is stagingly laid out.Low temperature section uses dewpoint corrosion proof material-ND steel，which is conducive to the future mai

44、ntenance and replacementwhich is conducive to the future maintenance and replacement.6 6）、由于锅炉烟尘的特性，锅炉受热面采用光管或膜式壁管结构）、由于锅炉烟尘的特性，锅炉受热面采用光管或膜式壁管结构。smooth tube or membrane type tube structure is used in heating surface7 7）、锅炉受热面模块化出厂，缩短工地安装周期。）、锅炉受热面模块化出厂，缩短工地安装周期。Modularization of heating surface shor

45、ten the assembly period at work sites三、烧结余热锅炉三、烧结余热锅炉Sintering Waste Heat Boiler1.1.工作原理及基本组成工作原理及基本组成 Working principles and basic components Working principles and basic components2.2.锅炉结构及特点锅炉结构及特点 Boiler structure and features Boiler structure and features三、烧结余热锅炉三、烧结余热锅炉Sintering Waste Heat Boi

46、ler1.1.工作原理及基本组成工作原理及基本组成 Working principles and basic components Working principles and basic components1.11.1烧结工序的余热烧结工序的余热 Waste heat produced in the process of Waste heat produced in the process of Sintering 炼钢工艺中，烧结工序是高炉矿料入炉以前的准备工序。有块状烧结和球团状烧结炼钢工艺中，烧结工序是高炉矿料入炉以前的准备工序。有块状烧结和球团状烧结两种工艺两种工艺,两种烧结过程都

47、要消耗大量的能源。据统计，烧结工序的能耗约占冶金总能两种烧结过程都要消耗大量的能源。据统计，烧结工序的能耗约占冶金总能耗的耗的12%12%。而其排放的余热约占总能耗热能的。而其排放的余热约占总能耗热能的49%49%。回收和利用这些余热，显然极为重。回收和利用这些余热，显然极为重要，回收余热主要在成品显热及冷却机的排气显热两个方面，即烧结机和带冷机的余要，回收余热主要在成品显热及冷却机的排气显热两个方面，即烧结机和带冷机的余热。热。Sintering is the Sintering is the preparatory process before putting blast furnace

48、materials into the furnace.There are two process-There are two process-bulk Sintering and round Sintering and round Sintering,both Sintering require lots of energy.According to statisticsSintering,both Sintering require lots of energy.According to statistics，the energy consumption of Sintering accou

49、nted for 12%of the total the energy consumption of Sintering accounted for 12%of the total consumption,and the waste heat accounted for 49%of the total heat consumption,and the waste heat accounted for 49%of the total heat consumption.consumption.It is extremely important to recycle and use these wa

50、ste It is extremely important to recycle and use these waste heat.Waste heat recycling mainly used in Sintering machine and heat.Waste heat recycling mainly used in Sintering machine and belt cooler.三、烧结余热锅炉三、烧结余热锅炉Sintering Waste Heat Boiler1.1.工作原理及基本组成工作原理及基本组成 Working principles and basic compon