新视野大学英语(第三版)读写教程Book4-Unit7-SectionB-A-worldwide-food-crisis课件.ppt

1、Section B 4 47UNITA worldwide food crisis?To master the reading skillTo understand the textTo practice the phrases and patternsTo learn about article writingObjectives Warming-up Reading Skills Text Study Comparative StudyContents Unit ProjectBSection3 Warming-upLead-inBackground InformationBSection

2、Video Watching1.What can we find about the food from the video?TipsTipsTipsTips2.What politics will be carried out for the food crisis?5BacklThe world food prices soared by 6 percent because of unfavorable weather conditions.lThe food harvests is down in many countries.lMore people are going to bed

3、hungry.lA food crisis is looming.lTipsTips1.What can we find about the food from the video?7lProvide help to the needy.lTreasure and economize on food.lForbid biofuels produced by food.l2.What should we do to meet the food crisis?TipsTips81.What happened in the 2007-2008 world food price crisis?2.Wh

4、at was the main reason of the 2007-2008 world food price crisis?TipsTipsTipsTips9 World food prices increased dramatically in 2007 and in the first and second quarters of 2008,creating a global crisis and causing political and economical instability and social unrest in both developing and developed

5、 nations.1.What happened in the 2007-2008 world food price crisis?TipsTips102.What was the main reason of the 2007-2008 world food price crisis?TipsTipsInitial causes of the 2007-2008 price spikes included droughts in grain-producing nations and rising oil prices.Oil price increases also caused gene

6、ral escalations in the costs of fertilizers,food transportation,and industrial agriculture.Root causes may be the increasing use of biofuels in developed countries and an increasing demand for a more varied diet across the expanding middle-class populations of Asia.All of these factors,coupled with

7、falling world food stockpiles,contributed to the worldwide rise of food prices.11 Reading SkillsPresentation of the SkillReading Skill PracticeBSection12As we know,every author writes for a purpose.There are three common purposes of writing:to inform to provide the reader with information about a to

8、pic;to persuade to convince the reader to believe a certain viewpoint or to take a certain course of action;to entertain to amuse the reader in some way.Identifying the authors purpose13There are clues that effective readers can use to help them identify what kind of writing theyre dealing with.Info

9、rmative writing features facts and evidence,not opinions or value judgments.It often contains dates,statistics or other figures,or quotes from experts or witnesses.Depending on the subject,the language may or may not include technical terms.Identifying the authors purpose14Persuasive writing feature

10、s evidence and/or emotional appeals:opinions and arguments,rhetorical questions,evaluating language and judgmental language opposing views or counter-arguments.Texts written mainly to entertain can be varied.They often use informal language,simple sentence structures,dialogs,or figurative speeches.I

11、dentifying the authors purpose15For example,text A is a cause-and-effect essay with a persuasive purpose.You might have asked yourself some questions and made some predictions.The questions could have been:What can you learn from the title“The coming energy crisis”?Where is the judgmental language u

12、sed in the text?What are the authors personal opinions?Identifying the authors purpose16Look at Text B.Read only the title,the first paragraph,the first sentences of Paragraphs 2-11,and the last paragraph.Make predictions about the following questions.Previewing17Will there be a worldwide food crisi

13、s?Will current food prices stay high and volatile?How can we solve the problems caused by the food crisis?QuestionsIdentifying the authors purpose Text StudyText ComprehensionLanguage FocusCritical ThinkingBSection191.Read the title of text B and predict what may be the topic of the text and what th

14、e writers purpose is.2.Why does the author say that the food crisis can quickly become a worldwide phenomenon?(Para.1)3.According to the text,the consultancy firms dont think the food crisis will be worldwide.Why?(Paras.2-3)4.What is the main factor that will contribute to high food prices over the

15、next several years?(Para.4)5.Why is food not like garments or other products traded on world markets?(Para.5)6.What are the enormous structural problems with the agriculture industry that have caused the great imbalance between supply and demand.?(Paras.6-8)7.What advice is given by the author to ne

16、utralize this problem and dodge the future crisis?(Paras.9-12)201.Read the title of text B and predict what may be the topic of the text and what the writers purpose is.TipsTipsThe title is a question.By using a question as the title,the author tries to attract the readers attention and get them to

17、think.From the title,we can see that the article is about the possibility of a worldwide food crisis.212.Why does the author say that the food crisis can quickly become a worldwide phenomenon?(Para.1)TipsTips Recent droughts along the equator,and in Russia and Ukraine two countries which account for

18、 one-fourth of world wheat exports caused wheat price surge.22原句原句：They fear the sky-rocketing grain costs in 2007,which harshly struck the worlds poor and led to food riots,will recur.(Para.1,L.5)解释解释:They fear that the excessively high grain costs in 2007,which seriously hit the poor nations of th

19、e world and caused food-related public violence,will happen again.译文：译文：他们害怕2007年使世界穷人遭受重创并引发 食品骚乱的飞涨的粮食价格会再次出现。23 Stocks of wheat are at sufficiently high levels,and harvest turnout from other big producers is expected to stay strong,meaning wheat prices should eventually calm down and level off.3.

20、According to the text,the consultancy firms dont think the food crisis will be worldwide.Why?(Paras.2-3)TipsTips24原句原句：Is their fear grounded?Consultancy firms measuring the status of commodities like wheat dont think so.(Para.2,L.1)解释解释:Is there a good reason for them to feel worried?Consulting fir

21、ms that study the condition of trade goods like wheat dont think so.译文：译文：他们的担心有根据吗？负责对像小麦这样的商品现状进行评估的咨询公司并不这样认为。254.What is the main factor that will contribute to high food prices over the next several years?(Para.4)TipsTips Though there is a growing global consensus about the need for reform in f

22、arming,repairing world agricultural practices is expensive process,and were really only at the beginning of a long way.26原句原句：Were really only at the beginning of a long,expensive process of repairing world agricultural practices.(Para.4,L.6)解释解释:We have really just started a long and expensive proc

23、ess of reforming the traditional methods of agriculture in the world.译文：译文：在修复全球农业作业这样一项耗时长、代价高的工作中，我们还只处于起步阶段。27 The issue of food is filled with emotion.Intermittent uncertainty in food markets will animate people to act when they would otherwise remain calm.5.Why is food not like garments or othe

24、r products traded on world markets?(Para.5)TipsTips28原句原句：The overreaction of market players will act like a pistol to the head,creating a crisis when none should exist.(Para.5,L.7)解释解释:The excessive reaction of people who manipulate the food market will act like a gun pointing at your head,causing

25、a crisis which should not occur.译文：译文：市场操纵者如果反应过度，其作用就如同指向头部的手枪，会无中生有地制造危机。296.What are the enormous structural problems with the agriculture industry that have caused the great imbalance between supply and demand?(Paras.6-8)TipsTipslGlobal funding for rural infrastructure or technological research

26、to keep yields growing has been very small.lMore grain gets turned into livestock feed instead of food for people.lThe new demand for bio-fuels.30原句原句：Add in the new demand for bio-fuels,and you get a recipe for disaster.(Para.8,L.3)解释解释:With the new demand for bio-fuels added in,it is extremely lik

27、ely that a food crisis will happen.译文：译文：再加上对生物燃料的新需求，灾难的发生就是可能的了。317.What advice is given by the author to neutralize this problem and dodge the future crisis?(Paras.9-12)TipsTipslGive more subsidies to agriculture.lCreate a coherent international plan to deal with hunger.lBuild the capacity of the

28、 developing world.32原句：原句：Like climbing a staircase,we must do it carefully and consistently if we are to reach our goal and prevent a global food crisis.(Para.12,L.3)解释解释:Just like climbing a long set of stairs,we must do it carefully and with consistent effort if we want to reach our goal and prev

29、ent a worldwide food crisis.译文：译文：如果我们要实现目标并预防全球性的粮食危机的话，和爬楼梯一样，我们必须谨慎而且坚持如一。33A worldwide food crisis?Today,the food crisis can quickly become a phenomenon.Unlike in 2007,the wheat prices should eventually and .However,the fight to feed the world will be a huge challenge facing the global economy o

30、ver the next 20 years.There are enormous with the agriculture industry that have caused the great between supply and demand.level offworldwide calm down imbalance structural problems34Firstly,global funding for rural infrastructure or technological research to has been very small.Secondly,citizens o

31、f wealthier countries have grown to consuming more food than they need.For the future crisis,we must spend more money and time.We need to develop the food production in developing countries .We must do it carefully and consistently if we are to and prevent a global food crisis.accustomedkeep yields

32、growing dodging to almost doublereach our goal351.account for（在数量或比例上）占，占据（在数量或比例上）占，占据2.calm down恢复平静；恢复正常恢复平静；恢复正常3.level off变得平稳；保持稳定变得平稳；保持稳定4.be starved of缺乏缺乏5.run out of用光用光；耗尽；耗尽6.rescue from.挽救；营救挽救；营救7.keep.at bay使某事物无法接近；防止某结使某事物无法接近；防止某结果产生果产生8.point to表明（真相或重要性）表明（真相或重要性）36（在数量或比例上）（在数量

33、或比例上）占，占据占，占据(account for/commercial electricity consumption)Computers account for 5 percent of the countrys commercial electricity consumption.account for短语逆译短语应用电脑用电占这个国家商业用电的5%。意群提示37恢复平静；恢复正常恢复平静；恢复正常calm down短语逆译(calm down)The situation here is really bad.Youd better stay with a friend or relat

34、ive until things calm down.短语应用这里的情况实在糟糕。在一切恢复平静之前，你最好呆在朋友或亲戚那儿。意群提示变得平稳；变得平稳；保持稳定保持稳定(for a short while/somewhat higher/level off)The report says,for a short while,meat prices may be somewhat higher,but within a few weeks they will level off to a very reasonable level.level off短语逆译短语应用这份报告说，肉价短期内也许

35、偏高，但几周内会稳定到合理的价位水平。意群提示39缺乏缺乏(people in this region/be starved of sth./drinking water)People in this region are starved of drinking water.be starved of sth.短语逆译短语应用这个地区的人们缺乏饮用水。意群提示用光用光；耗尽；耗尽(running out of/prepare something special for/)Im running out of time to prepare something special for Valent

36、ines Day.run out of sth.短语逆译短语应用我用来为情人节做点特别准备的时间所剩不多了。意群提示挽救；营救挽救；营救(rescue sth./sb.from sth./sb./lifeboats)Are they still rescuing people from the lifeboats?rescue sth./sb.from sth./sb.短语逆译短语应用他们仍然在从救生艇中救人吗？意群提示42使某事物无法接近；使某事物无法接近；防止某结果产生防止某结果产生(spray/keep mosquitoes at bay)Many people use the spra

37、y to keep mosquitoes at bay.keep/hold sth.at bay短语逆译短语应用许多人都用这种喷剂驱蚊子。意群提示表明（真相或重要性）表明（真相或重要性）(point to/human resources management)The results of the survey point to the need for changes in human resources management in our hospitals.point to短语逆译短语应用调查结果表明我们医院的人事管理需要做些调整。意群提示1.There is a growing abou

38、t 用于表达“人们对有越来越多的”。2.All signposts point to用于表达“所有的迹象都表明”。3.It doesnt take an oracle to foretell that用于表达“毫无疑问，未来将会发生”。4.have the foresight to用于表达“有远见”More and more people are intrigued by the issue and there is a growing global consensus about the need for reform in farming.(Para.4,L5)句型提炼句型提炼现在越来越多

39、的人对这一问题表示出兴趣，对农业耕作进行改革的需要也获得全球越来越广泛的认同。原句译文原句译文逆译练习逆译练习46There is a growing about 句型提炼句型提炼应用提示应用提示用于表达“人们对有越来越多的”。句型应用句型应用47(dramatic news/There is a growing about)Despite the often dramatic news in the press,there is a growing interest about this city,particularly its history and culture.典型例句尽管经常有戏

40、剧性的消息见诸媒体，人们对这座城市,尤其是它的历史与文化,越来越感兴趣。意群提示所有的迹象都表明，有必要把发展中国家的粮食产量翻一番。原句译文原句译文逆译练习逆译练习All signposts point to the need for food production in developing countries to almost double.(Para.11,L1)句型提炼句型提炼49All signposts point to句型提炼句型提炼应用提示应用提示用于表达“所有的迹象都表明”。句型应用句型应用50(all signposts point to /bright future)

41、All signposts point to a bright future for us all.典型例句所有的迹象都表明我们都有着光明的前途。意群提示未来20 年，让世界上所有人都吃饱饭将是全球经济所面临的巨大挑战，这一点很明确，不需要通过行家来预言。原句译文原句译文逆译练习逆译练习It doesnt take an oracle to foretell that the fight to feed the world will be a huge challenge facing the global economy over the next 20 years.(Para.4,L1)句

42、型提炼句型提炼52It doesnt take an oracle to foretell that 句型提炼句型提炼应用提示应用提示用于表达“毫无疑问，未来将会发生”。句型应用句型应用53(it doesnt take an oracle to foretell)It doesnt take an oracle to foretell that our training will equip us for the future job.典型例句毫无疑问，我们的训练使得我们能够胜任将来的工作。意群提示54印度、塞内加尔等一些国家的议员、立法人员及政府机构已经独具慧眼地认识到了这一事实，并且正在

43、给予农业更多的资助。原句译文原句译文逆译练习逆译练习Councilors,legislators and bureaucratic agencies of some countries like India and Senegal have had the foresight to realize this fact and are giving more subsidies to agriculture.(Para.9,L4)句型提炼句型提炼55had the foresight to句型提炼句型提炼应用提示应用提示用于表达“有远见”。句型应用句型应用56(have the foresigh

44、t to/look at a distant objective/stand up against)The wisest of leaders have the foresight to look at a distant objective and in its name stand up against all pressures.典型例句最明智的领导人具有远见卓识，可以高瞻远瞩，并为了遥远的目标而抗拒一切压力。意群提示 1.重创harshly struck 2.短暂的安心temporary security 3.揭示的现实不容乐观disclose a reality not so opt

45、imistic 4.充满感情色彩be filled with emotion 5.时断时续的不确定性intermittent uncertainty 6.有两面性have a dual nature 7.大规模挨饿large-scale starvation 8.规避未来的风险dodge the future crisis 9.食物链上的高端食品foods higher up on the food chain a.The overreaction of market players will act like a pistol to the head,creating a crisis wh

46、en none should exist.市场操纵者如果反应过市场操纵者如果反应过度，其作用就如同指向度，其作用就如同指向头部的手枪，会无中生头部的手枪，会无中生有地制造危机。有地制造危机。59 b.These problems have a dual nature,one part of it on the production side,and the other on the consumption side.这些问题具有两面性，这些问题具有两面性，一个是生产方面的，另一个是生产方面的，另一个是消费方面的。一个是消费方面的。c.They desire not only the basic

47、 essentials of life,but also more sophisticated technologies like automobiles that use bio-fuels!他们不仅渴望生活的必他们不仅渴望生活的必需品，也渴望享受高端需品，也渴望享受高端的技术产品，比如使用的技术产品，比如使用生物燃料的汽车！生物燃料的汽车！如果我们要实现目标并如果我们要实现目标并预防全球性的粮食危机预防全球性的粮食危机的话，和爬楼梯一样，的话，和爬楼梯一样，我们必须谨慎而且坚持我们必须谨慎而且坚持如一。如一。d.Like climbing a staircase,we must do it

48、 carefully and consistently if we are to reach our goal and prevent a global food crisis.TipsTips1.Besides the factors mentioned in the text,what other factors do you think can cause food prices to rise?2.What problems can be caused if food prices rise too quickly?3.What effective measures can be ta

49、ken for China to avoid food crises?TipsTipsTipsTips631.Besides the factors mentioned in the text,what other factors do you think can cause food cries to rise?TipsTipsOther factors which can cause food prices to risemay include:l rising oil prices,l climate change,l natural disasters,l commodity mark

50、et speculation.642.What problems can be caused if food prices rise too quickly?TipsTips1)Families will be forced to allocate a larger share of their income to milk,bread and other basics,and they will be unable to spend as much on clothes,toys,entertainment and other things,affecting overall consume