（英语）高一英语阅读理解试题经典含解析.doc

1、【英语】高一英语阅读理解试题经典含解析一、高中英语阅读理解1阅读理解 Robots make me nervousespecially the ones which seem to think for themselves. I was embarrassed to admit this till I heard that Bill Gates, the founder of Microsoft, felt the same way. Gates said in an interview with the social networking and news website Reddit: I

2、 am in the camp that is concerned about super intelligence. First the machines will do a lot of jobs for us and not be super intelligentThat should be positive if we manage well. A few decades after that, though, the intelligence is strong enough to be a concern. Well, maybe I dont have to worry abo

3、ut my computer and kitchen equipment yet. After I use them I can always pull the plug. But in the future, machines might find a way to prevent us from switching them off. Theres a terrible thought! Maybe the problem with computers too clever for us is not that they are evil like some weve seen in sc

4、i-fi movies. What could put us in danger is that they might be too efficient. Thats what philosopher Nick Bostrom from Oxford University believes. He says that machines are indifferent to humans and in pursuit of their own goals，the destruction of people might be just additional damage. Bostrom give

5、s us an example: A machine which might have its only goal to produce as many paperclips as possible might look at human bodies as extra material for paperclips and go after you. Because it is, well, a machine, it would not take pity on you. Its a good thing that American writer Isaac Asimov thought

6、about how far robots can go and left us his three rules of robotics. They state that a robot may not hurt a human being or allow the human being to come to harm. Im glad my machines at home are dumb. All my cleaner wants to take over is the carpet in my living room. Lets hope they dont create an app

7、liance which wants to take over the world!（1）The author quoted Bill Gates words in Paragraph 2 in order to make the text_. A.better-knownB.more persuasiveC.better-organizedD.more interesting（2）An intelligent paperclip machine would harm us because _. A.it is much cleverer than usB.it would take over

8、 the worldC.it has the strong feeling of destroying usD.it would see us just as material（3）How does the author feel about Isaac Asimovs rules of robotics? A.OptimisticB.WorriedC.DisappointedD.Regretful（4）What does the text mainly focus on? A.The benefits of future robots.B.The new applications of ro

9、bots.C.The concern for super intelligence.D.The popularity of robots in the future.【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）A（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了智能机器人可能给人类带来伤害以及美国作家IsaacAsimov为此制定了三条机器人规则，作者旨在引起人们对智能机器人的关注。（1）考查推理判断。因为比尔盖茨是一个名人，他的观点更有说服力，所以作者才会引用他说的话，让别人更加相信他的观点。故选B。（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“A machine which might have its only

10、 goal to produce as many paperclips as possible might look at human bodies as extra material for paperclips and go after you.”可知智能的paperclip machine会把人类当成是加工材料而伤害人类。故选D。（3）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“Its a good thing that American writer Isaac Asimov thought about how far robots can go and left us his three rule

11、s of robotics.”可知作者认为Isaac Asimov所制定的机器人规则是好事情，说明他对此持乐观的态度。故选A。（4）考查主旨大意。根据主题段第一段可知人们对于人工智能，尤其是机器人的迅速发展持有谨慎的态度，认为人工智能的过快发展会影响到人类的未来。故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。2阅读理解 Automatic dishwashers have been around for more than 100 years.

12、 It started in 1886 with Josephine Cochrane, a woman in Shelbyville, Illinois. She was a rich woman who could afford servants to wash her dishes, so she really didnt mind the work. What she did mind was that her servants broke the dishes. She hosted quite a few dinner parties, and after every party

13、the servants broke more of her expensive dishes. Finally, Cochrane took action. First, she measured her dishes and bent wire into racks to hold them. Next, she put the racks on a wheel in a large copper boiler. Then, the boiler sprayed hot, soapy water on the dishes as a motor turned the wheel. Afte

14、r a hot water rinse(冲洗), the dishes were clean! Josephine Cochranes friends were impressed with the machine and asked her to build more. After that, word got out fast. Soon hotel and restaurant owners who didnt like broken dishes also were interested. Cochrane then knew that she had a wonderful mach

15、ine, so she received a patent from the government, which said that only the inventor can make money from an invention. Then in 1893 Chicago held a Worlds Fair where inventions from all over the world were shown. Cochranes labor-saving machine was a big hit. Her dishwasher won the highest award. Coch

16、ranes company came out with a smaller machine in 1914. It was supposed to be for the ordinary home, but it wasnt an immediate success. Many homes couldnt produce the extremely hot water it needed. Also, in most homes, dishwashing wasnt considered very difficult compared to most other housework. In f

17、act some people liked to relax at the sink after a hard day! Sales of the home model finally picked up in the 1950s when people had more money and wanted to have more time to enjoy themselves. Now many homes have electric dishwashers that arent very different from the one Josephine Cochrane invented

18、 more than 100 years ago.（1）Why did Josephine Cochrane invent the dishwasher? A.To reduce the number of servants.B.To avoid possible damage to the dishes.C.To host more dinner parties.D.To make the dishes cleaner.（2）What does the underlined words in Paragraph 3 suggest? A.The machine wasnt as effici

19、ent as described.B.Josephine Cochrane could no longer keep it a secret.C.Josephines friends soon began to talk about the new machine.D.The invention drew immediate attention of the public.（3）The smaller machine became popular only when_. A.peoples living conditions improvedB.hot water was not needed

20、C.housework became easierD.people had more relaxing jobs（4）Compared with Cochranes invention, modern electric dishwashers _. A.cost less moneyB.are quite differentC.wash many other thingsD.are much the same【答案】 （1）B（2）D（3）A（4）D 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了自动洗碗机的历史由来。 （1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“What she did mind was

21、that her servants broke the dishes. She hosted quite a few dinner parties, and after every party the servants broke more of her expensive dishes. ”她所介意的是她的仆人打破了餐具。她举办了几次宴会，每次宴会之后，仆人们都打破了她昂贵的餐具。为了避免打破她的餐具，后来Josephine Cochrane发明了自动洗碗机，故选B。 （2）考查句义猜测。根据第三段中的“Josephine Cochranes friends were impressed w

22、ith the machine and asked her to build more. ”Josephine Cochrane的朋友们对这台机器印象深刻，并要求她建造更多；以及“Soon hotel and restaurant owners who didnt like broken dishes also were interested. ”不久，不喜欢打破餐具的酒店和餐馆老板也对这个机器感兴趣。根据划线句子的前后两句可以推断Josephine Cochrane发明自动洗碗机的消息传播的很快，也就表明了The invention drew immediate attention of t

23、he public 这项发明立即引起了公众的注意。故选D。 （3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Sales of the home model finally picked up in the 1950s when people had more money and wanted to have more time to enjoy themselves. ”在20世纪50年代，当人们有更多的钱，希望有更多的时间来享受时，这种家用模式的销售终于恢复了。也就是人们的生活条件提高了，自动洗碗机才流行起来，故选A。 （4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Now many homes have el

24、ectric dishwashers that arent very different from the one Josephine Cochrane invented more than 100 years ago. ”现在，许多家庭都有电动洗碗机，与100多年前 Josephine Cochrane发明的洗碗机没有太大的不同，因此现代洗碗机和Josephine Cochrane发明的洗碗机几乎一样，故选D。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，句义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。3阅读理解 It

25、s thought that around 5 trillion pieces of plastic are currently floating in our oceans. Both mammals and fish benefit from clean oceans. It is reported that more than 8 million tons of plastic end up in our oceans every year, and nearly half of the plastic we produce is single-use only. This shoe b

26、rand, however, is riding the wave of change and is on a mission to help clean up our waters and rid the sea of plastic bottles that can take up to 400 years to break down. Vivobarefoots newest footwear uses recycled plastic materials and has created an education program that spreads awareness about

27、how harmful plastic is for sea life. Every pair of shoes is made up of 17 plastic water bottles taken from the ocean and turned into a sustainable, comfortable pair of shoes, which are also healthy for your feet. And while not everyone can take part in ocean cleanups, choosing little ways we can giv

28、e back to our planet goes a long way. Vivobarefoots new products include a variety of high-performance styles such as casual sneakers, running shoes, and hiking boots. The brand hopes that its latest initiative（首创精神）will help lessen the indifference to pollution and how harmful it is for all living

29、beings. In the future, Vivobarefoot hopes to increase their production of shoes created from sustainable materials, and thankfully, they are now one of many brands that aim to increase environmentalism and educate communities on how global warming affects everyone. This year, theyll add more recycla

30、ble and traceable materials into more than half of their production line, and they have plenty of creative developments in the works as well. The shoes also have a health benefit. Based on the concept that wider, minimally designed shoes enable our foot to function at maximum potential, wearers also

31、 experience better balance and sensory input.（1）How does the author make his point convincing? A.By listing figures.B.By telling a story.C.By giving examples.D.By making comparisons.（2）What is Vivobarefoot doing to help with the marine creatures? A.Donating money to buy food for them.B.Keeping the o

32、ceans free from plastic bottles.C.Producing more shoes from sustainable materials.D.Raising public awareness of recycling and reuse.（3）What is probably Vivobarefoots operation philosophy? A.Customer-focused.B.Service-orientedC.Money-saving.D.Environmentally-friendly.（4）Which of the following is True

33、 according to the text? A.Vivobarefoots new products havent been released.B.Vivobarefoot is the most popular shoe brand in the world.C.Vivobarefoot cares about not only its business but also public services.D.Vivobarefoot is the first company to find the new function of waste materials.【答案】 （1）A（2）B

34、（3）D（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道。据报道，每年有超过800万吨的塑料流入我们的海洋，极大的污染了海洋环境。目前Vivobarefoot公司推出了使用可回收的塑料材料的最新鞋款，并创建了一个教育计划，让人们了解塑料对海洋生物的危害。 （1）考查细节理解。根据文中的“around 5 trillion pieces of plastic”，“more than 8 million tons of plastic”，“up to 400 years to break down”可知，作者通过列举一系列的数据来阐述事实。故选A。 （2）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“Every pa

35、ir of shoes is made up of 17 plastic water bottles taken from the ocean and turned into a sustainable, comfortable pair of shoes”可知，Vivobarefoot的鞋是由从海洋中取出的塑料水瓶制成的，它在一定程度上有助于清理海洋里的塑料瓶。故选B。 （3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段中的“they are now one of many brands that aim to increase environmentalism and educate communitie

36、s on how global warming affects everyone.”他们现在是众多旨在增强环保主义并教育社区全球变暖如何影响每个人的品牌之一，可知，保护环境是Vivobarefoot的经营理念。故选D。 （4）考查细节理解。Vivobarefoot推出新鞋款肯定是为了增加利润，再根据第三段中的“Vivobarefoots newest footwear uses recycled plastic materials and has created an education program that spreads awareness about how harmful plas

37、tic is for sea life.”可知，同时还关心公共服务。故选C。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。4阅读理解 Most of us have been in this situation: Youre on your way to your friends house, then you suddenly ask yourself,Did I remember to turn the lights off?” For those with smart homes, howev

38、er, this wouldnt be a problem.Over the last few years,smart home technology has become more popular. Thanks to user-friendly products like intelligent lighting and heating controllers, people can control nearly every electrical item in their homes from anywhere in the world. While smart homes arent

39、new, companies like Philips, Amazon and Xiaomi have finally brought automation to everyday people with affordable products like artificial intelligence(AI) speakers and sensors. “The obvious message is that you can stop wasting energy,” Tom Kerber, director of research for U. S -based digital compan

40、y Parks Associates, told The Guardian. And the technology also has more meaningful uses. In Norway, for example, one company is using smart tech to make life easier for its elderly customers. Abilias system allows carers to check up on patients through a tablet on a wall inside their home. The devic

41、e sends patients reminders about tasks, such as when they need to take medication(冥想). It can even tell carers if theres any unusual activity in the home that could be life-threatening. “This kind of system allows people to take care of themselves, which is the most important thing,” Abilias vice pr

42、esident, Oystein Johnsen, told the BBC. It also saves the government money. In Norway, it costs 1 million kroner(about 0. 8 million yuan )per year to have someone in a care home. This system costs 15,000 kroner a year.” So, for those who have already gone smart, will it ever be possible to go back t

43、o do things in the old-fashioned way? I think it would be difficult. When we go to a friends house or on vacation we find ourselves expecting the house to do things for us that we should do, Poulson, 35, a senior program manager from Seattle.,U. S.,explained.（1）What are the first and second paragrap

44、hs used for? A.Introducing the topic.B.Describing the situation.C.Advertising smart homes.D.Putting forward the authors opinion.（2）What do Philips, Amazon and Xiaomi have in common? A.They are all designing smart homes.B.They are all U. S -based digital company.C.Theyve all advanced in smart technol

45、ogy.D.Theyve all received affordable products automatically.（3）What does Abilias system allow users to do in Norway? A.To take care of themselves.B.To buy user-friendly products.C.To control heating and cooling.D.To switch lights through a tablet.（4）Whats Poulsons attitude to smart technology? A.Cau

46、tious.B.FavorableC.Ambiguous.D.Disapproving.【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）A（4）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了智能家居领域又有了新的进展。(1)考查推理判断。第一、二段是对智能家居的现象的描述，从第三段开始文章介绍了智能家居在人们日常生活中的发展及应用，因此，第一、二段是为了引出“智能家居”的话题。故选A。(2)考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“. companies like Philips Amazon and Xiaomi have finally brought automation to everyday people with affordable products like artificial intelligence（AI） speakers and sensors”可知，这几家公司已经通过人们负担得起的产品将自动化带到人们的日常生活中，因此，它们的共同点是都在智能科技方面取得了进步。故选C。(3)考查细节理解。根据第六段中的“ This kind of system allows peopl