（英语）名词高考真题解析.doc

1、【英语】名词高考真题解析一、单项选择名词1The self-driving smart bus is already operating in 10 cities across China, with the latest_ in Shanghai in August.AexplorationBexclusionCexpansionDexplosion【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：自动驾驶智能巴士已经在中国10个城市投入运营，最新的一次扩展是今年8月在上海。A. exploration探索，勘探；B. exclusion排外；C. expansion扩大，扩展；D. exp

2、losion爆炸。根据句意及选项，此处是说自动驾驶智能巴士最新一次投入使用是在上海。故选C。2 attention to surrounding traffic is a(n) to accidents.ADrivers not paying; invitationBDrivers not paying; invitationCDrivers not paying; causeDDrivers not paying; cause【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查动名词和名词。句意：司机不注意周围的交通会引起事故。此处是动名词的否定形式作主语，且逻辑主语是名词所有格形式，所以第一个空应填Driver

3、s not paying；第二个空，an invitation to“-的一个邀请”，结合句意此空填invitation。故选B。3How amazing it is that Zuckberg can speak Chinese! After all, it is a big_ for any westerner to learn such a totally different language.Aadventure BachievementCtrend Dchallenge【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。A. adventure冒险；B. achievement成就；C. t

4、rend趋势；D. challenge挑战。句意：扎克伯格会说中文是多么令人吃惊啊！毕竟，对任何西方人来说，学习一门完全不同的语言是一个巨大的挑战。根据句意可知此处表示“挑战”，故D项正确。4One hundred percent_to your studies， though it can be lonely and no fun at all， will leave precious marks on your youthAresponseBoffenceCcommitmentDreaction【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：百分之百的投入到学习中去，尽管会既孤独又无趣，它却

5、会给你的青春留下珍贵的印记。A. response响应、反应；B. offence犯罪、违反；C. commitment承诺、献身；D. reaction反应、感应。commitment“承诺、献身”符合句意。故C选项正确。5We cant make out his _ of the article because there are too many technical terms in it.AfictionBabstractCclaimDprinciple【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：我们不能弄清楚他这篇文章的摘要，因为里面有太多的术语。A. fiction虚构类文学作品

6、；B. abstract摘要；C. claim声称；D. principle原则。由“ article ”可知，abstract“摘要”符合句意。故B选项正确。6- Do you agree friends you spend time with will change your life in one way or another?- Couldnt agree more. Hopefully our students can show great _ in their choices of friends.AaccommodationBdiscriminationCreputationDd

7、istinction【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：你同意和你在一起的朋友会以这样或那样的方式改变你的生活吗？完全同意，希望我们的学生在选择朋友方面表现出很强的鉴别能力。A. accommodation住处；B. discrimination鉴别力；C. reputation名誉；D. distinction区别。根据“their choices of friends”可知此处表示“鉴别力”，故B项正确。7I have absolutely no _ the students who get caught cheating in exams even though they

8、were seriously punished.Aimpact onBsympathy forCconcern aboutDcomplaint about【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查短语辨析。句意：我绝对不同情那些考试作弊被抓的学生，即使他们受到了严厉的惩罚。A. impact on影响；B. sympathy for同情；C. concern about担心；关心；D. complaint about投诉；对抱怨。根据句意可知选B。8He made an _ to me for losing my book.AapologyBambitionCappearanceDalarm【答案】A【解

9、析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他为弄丢了我的书而向我道歉。A. apology道歉；B. ambition抱负；C. appearance出现；D. alarm警报。根据“for losing my book”可知，此处表示“向我道歉”，故A项正确。9Charles Darwin explained the _ of species on earth in his book that came out in1859.AancestorBoriginCbeliefDcustom【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：查尔斯达尔文在他1859年出版的书中解释了地球上物种的起源。A. anc

10、estor祖先；B. origin起源；C. belief信仰；D. custom习惯，风俗。结合句意可知答案为B。10More than half of the participants said that getting married was not an important_ for becoming an adult.AtensionBrestrictionCcirculationDcriterion【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：超过一半的受访者表示，结婚并不是成为成年人的重要标准。A. tension紧张；B. restriction限制，约束；C. circulati

11、on流通，传播；D. criterion标准，准则。根据getting married和becoming an adult可知，结婚是成为一个成年人的“准则”。故选D。11A new _ to teaching languages is being used here, and it has turned out to be very helpful to the students.AapproachBmeansCmethodDway【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：教学语言的一个新的方法正在这儿被使用，这证明对学生很有用。这几个词都有“方法”的意思，但是A. approach

12、 后面接to doing；B. means，method，way后面都是of doing，way还可以接不定式。故选A。12According to the bank rules released recently, you have to pay a 25% _ on each cheque you cash.AadmissionBpensionCallowanceDcommission【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：根据银行最近公布的规定，你每兑现一张支票必须付25%的手续费。A. admission承认；B. pension抚恤金； C. allowance津贴；D.

13、commission佣金；手续费。兑现支票必须付25%的手续费。故答案为D。13It makes no _ to me whether he will go to the city or not. Anyhow, I will go.AthingBdifferenceCmatterDaffair【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他去不去城里对我来说没什么影响。不管怎样，我都会去。A. thing事物； B. difference不同； C. matter事情，问题； D. affair事件，事务。make no difference to对无影响，符合句意，故选B。14Savi

14、ng Private Ryan is an unforgettable anti-war film and also a story of courage and _ .Aburden BdepressionCbenefit Dsacrifice【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：拯救大兵瑞恩是一部令人难忘的反战电影，也是一个关于勇气和牺牲的故事。A. burden负担；B. depression压抑；C. benefit好处，益处；D. sacrifice牺牲；空格处与courage并列，都应该是褒义词，再结合电影情节，故选D项。15Lao Gan Ma is the best c

15、hilli sauce in China. The company built up its_by constantly providing high-quality products at a relatively low price.AreputationBcampaignCappetiteDoccupation【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：老干妈是中国最好的辣椒酱。该公司通过不断以较低的价格提供高质量的产品而建立了自己的声誉。A. reputation名誉；B. campaign运动；C. appetite胃口；D. occupation职业，占有。由“by cons

16、tantly providing high-quality products at a relatively low price”可知，reputation“名誉”符合句意。故选A。16He graduated from a medical research _ five years ago and has been working as a doctor since then.Adata BattendanceCcontext Dinstitute【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：他五年前从一所医学研究所毕业，从那时起就一直当医生。A. data数据；B. attendance出

17、席；C. context上下文；D. institute学院，根据题意，故选D。17Youll find this map of great _ in helping you to get around in London.AvalueBeffectCconcernDvision【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析，句意：你将会发现这份地图在助你环游伦敦上的巨大价值。A. value价值，重要性；B. effect影响，效果，作用；C. concern关心，忧虑；D. vision视力，美景，想象力。综合句意，这份地图对于指明旅行方向是有帮助的，对游客而言有“价值”/是很重要的，故选A。

18、【点睛】词义辨析的考查，可以很深入，因此单词学习不应浮于表面。本题容易误选B，因为仅凭中文释义，而认为地图在帮助环游伦敦上有“作用”/有“效果”，似乎也说得通。但假如我们查询effect对应的英文释义：1）The effect of one thing on another is the change that the first thing causes in the second thing. 2）The effects in a film are the specially created sounds and scenery. 我们就能发现词义辨析的重要性。实际上，effect在表示“

19、作用，影响”方面，主要用于表达因果关系（cause and consequence），强调一个事物对另一个的影响，且贬义为多；而在effect表示“效果”方面，则以音响、舞台灯光、荧屏效果为主，在本题中显然均不适用。因此，吃透词义十分关键。18Winning _ in the international market, Chinas high-quality products have brought us a good profit.AregulationBdevotionCrecognitionDinsurance【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：在国际市场上赢得认可，中国的优质产

20、品给我们带来了很好的利润。A. regulation规章制度；B. devotion奉献；C. recognition认可；D. insurance保险。分析句意可知，此处应表示在国际市场上赢得认可，中国的优质产品给我们带来了很好的利润。结合选项，故选C。19Have all the VIPs gone on _ yet? The flight is taking off soon.AfootBboardCdutyDsale【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：所有的VIP都已经登记了吗？飞机马上要起飞了。A. foot脚；B . board 木板；C. duty义务；D. sal

21、e销售。通过后句语境可知飞机马上要起飞了，因此前句使用on board“登机”切题。故选B项。20As all the readers can see, the painting presents the childrens mood before the trip and after the trip in a sharp _.AoppositeBcontrastCcomparisonDcontrary【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：正如读者们所看到的，这幅画呈现了孩子们出游前后的心情，二者是截然相反的。A. opposite对立面；B. contrast对照；C. com

22、parison比较；D. contrary相反。此处对比孩子们出游前后的心情，in a sharp contrary表示“恰恰相反”，故D项正确。21Whatever we do, we will make it. As long as we take the _ we should have to achieve our goal.AsympathyBtechniqueCpassionDpatience【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：不管我们做什么，我们都会成功的。只要我们有激情，我们就应能实现我们的目标。A. sympathy同情；B. technique技巧；C. pa

23、ssion激情；D. patience耐心。根据“we should have to achieve our goal.”可知此处强调“拥有实现目标的激情”，故C项正确。22Anyone who is in _ of weapons without permission is considered lawbreaking.AcommandBcontrolCchargeDpossession【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词词义和短语辨析。句意：没有许可证而拥有武器的人被认为违法。A. command命令；B. control 控制；C. charge负责；D. possession拥有。根据句

24、意可知，此处固定短语in possession of“拥有”符合语境。故选D。23Be sure to read the _ in the guidebook before you begin to use the new computer.AinstructionsBsolutionCdescriptionsDmessage【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在你使用新电脑前，一定要阅读说明书上的说明。A. instructions指示，说明；B. solution解决方法；C. descriptions描述；D. message信息。结合句意可知，此处用“说明”符合语境，故选

25、A项。24The _ on his face told me that he was angry.AimpressionBsightCappearanceDexpression【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他脸上的表情告诉我他生气了。A. impression印象；B. sight视力；C. appearance外观；D. expression表情。根据空后on his face可知，此处指“脸上的表情”。故选D。25No _ has proved that eating too much is the main cause of the weight problem.Ad

26、oubtBwonderCevidenceDbelief【答案】C【解析】【分析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：没有证据表明吃的过多是引起体重问题的主要原因。A. doubt疑问；B. wonder 难怪；C. evidence证据；D. belief信念。根据句意理解，没有证据可以证明肥胖问题的原因这种说法比较通顺容易理解。故选C项。26The application of VR in classroom teaching received a mixed_among students.Aexplanation Bmotivation Creception Dadaptation【答案】C【解析

27、】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：学生们对虚拟现实技术在课堂教学中的应用有褒贬不一的接受。A. explanation解释；B. motivation动机；C. reception接受；D. adaptation适应。根据句意，故选C。27There is really no obvious_that Justin was taken by aliens.Adefense Bevidence Ceffort Darrangement【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有明显的证据显示贾斯汀是被外星人带走的A. defense 辩护；B. evidence 证据；C. effort

28、努力；D. arrangement 安排。obvious evidence“明显的证据”符合句意。且evidence后接that引导的同位语从句。故B选项正确。28The principals opening _ at the new years party threw the students into excitement.Aethic BremarksCattention Dpossessions【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：校长在新年晚会上的开场白使学生们兴奋不已。A. ethic伦理； B. remarks评论；C. attention注意力；D. possessio

29、ns财产，根据题意，故选B。29_ Services at Harvard University offers support to disabled students in finding an ideal place to live in.ALabor BConceptCCeremony DAccommodation【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：哈佛大学的住宿服务为残疾学生提供了寻找理想居住地的支持。A. Labor劳动；B. Concept观念；C. Ceremony典礼；D. Accommodation住宿，根据题意，故选D。30We felt it would be

30、a good experience for our children to grow up seeing other cultures and learning to love others as a(n) _.AcompanyBreminderCequalDhero【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们认为，让孩子在成长的过程中接触到其他文化并学会平等地爱别人是很好的体验。A. company公司；B. reminder提醒；C. equal同等的人，相等物；D. hero英雄。as an equal 相当于equally，修饰love others，意为“平等地爱别人”，故选C。