控压钻井设备-哈里伯顿课件.ppt

1、Managed Pressure Drilling(MPD)Technology Overview控压钻井技术控压钻井技术GeoBalanceTM MANAGED PRESSURE DRILLING SYSTEMFeb 11 2009Presentation Outline MPD Introduction 控压钻井技术介绍控压钻井技术介绍 Job Design 控压作业控压作业 MPD Equipment 控压钻井控压钻井工具工具 Communication 控压钻井控压钻井团队团队 Rig Site Procedures 控压钻井控压钻井操作程序操作程序 Case histories 控压

2、钻井控压钻井实例实例Importance of HSEIf it cant be done safely.It wont be doneGlobal Well Operator Issues Highly deviated well conditions Bore hole stability problems Well control while drilling Narrow drilling margins Depleted Reservoirs Risk of sticking,expensive fishing jobs and side tracks Shallow flow wa

3、ter sandsIntroduction to MPD Technology控压钻井技术介绍控压钻井技术介绍Advantages of MPD 控压钻井技术应用控压钻井技术应用效应效应 Improved ROP and reduced drilling time改善钻速和减少钻井时间 Improved success with drilling narrow pressure margins钻井狭窄压力窗口 Reduced wellbore breathing,influxes and lost circulation减少的井筒呼吸，成功应付井侵和失返 Improve reservoir p

4、roductivity by decreasing amount of over balanced 保护油气层不受破坏 Improved wellbore quality by minimising wellbore collapse减少井口崩溃 “Adaptive drilling process used to precisely control the annular pressure profile throughout the wellbore.The objectives are to ascertain the downhole pressure environment limi

5、ts and to manage the annular hydraulic pressure profile accordingly”.(IADC)Managed Pressure Drilling DefinitionManaged Pressure Drilling OperationsControlling pressure in the annulus 控制控制井口压力井口压力 Not a new concept Technique has been used for decades When used while drilling with conventionally with

6、standard equipmentWell control event 井控情况下井控情况下 Control BHP by applying back-pressure at surface 通过通过地面加回压控制井底压力地面加回压控制井底压力 Closed-loop(BOP is closed)闭环（防喷器关闭闭环（防喷器关闭)Circulation is through a choke 通过节流阀循环通过节流阀循环General Comparison of drilling methods钻井方法对比钻井方法对比 Passive MPD(hydrostatic mud weight al

7、ways above pore pressure)被动控压钻井（泥浆静液柱压力总是高于地层压力）被动控压钻井（泥浆静液柱压力总是高于地层压力）MPD used as a safety system 控压钻井作为一种安全体系控压钻井作为一种安全体系 Rotating Control Device(RCD)旋转控制设备旋转控制设备 Manual Choke(Rig Choke for US land wells)手动节流设备（用于手动节流设备（用于美国陆上井的节流设备）美国陆上井的节流设备）Active MPD(hydrostatic mud weight slightly above or so

8、metimes below pore pressure)主动控压主动控压（泥浆静液柱稍高于或有时低于地层压力）（泥浆静液柱稍高于或有时低于地层压力）MPD being used to walk the line 使用使用MPD“压线走压线走”E.g.narrow pore pressure to frac pressure window 如地层压力如地层压力和破裂压力之间的窗口很窄和破裂压力之间的窗口很窄 RCD with change out system like additional BOPs 增加旋转控制设增加旋转控制设备备 Manual choke with continuous c

9、ontrol or automated choke system手动节流，连续控制或自动节流系统手动节流，连续控制或自动节流系统 Back pressure pump system for constant BHP 回压补偿泵，保持回压补偿泵，保持井底压力不变井底压力不变MPD Operations 控压作业控压作业 Mud-cap drilling(with under or overbalanced fluid)泥浆帽钻井（欠或过平衡）泥浆帽钻井（欠或过平衡）Usually use for fractured limestones or granites通常用于裂缝性灰岩或花岗岩通常用于裂

10、缝性灰岩或花岗岩 Drilling with lost returns失返钻进失返钻进 May have partial level in annulus环空有部分液面环空有部分液面MPD Operations 控压作业控压作业 RCDPLC Controlled DRILLINGCHOKEMANIFOLDDRILL CUTTINGSPROCESSINGMUD to PITSMud PitsPUMPECD equal to or slightly greater than pore pressureManaged Pressure Drilling Basic OverviewHydrauli

11、cs Modelling Circulating at TD水力参数模拟水力参数模拟 套管鞋处循环模拟套管鞋处循环模拟MPD Equipment Major Components RCD旋转控制头 Autochoke,Control Panel and PLC自动节流管汇,程序逻辑控制器系统 BPP(Back-Pressure Pump)回压泵 Data Acquisition and Control System数据采集系统Drillstring Floats and Subs(NRVs)钻柱止回阀 PWD随钻测压 旋转控制头 The RCD 5000What are RCDs Rotati

12、ng Control Devices are annular pressure control tools designed for stripping tubulars in drilling applications.RCDs complement the Rigs BOP stack.RCDs do not replace BOP elements!When Should an RCD be Used?The following applications are ideal for RCD use:Managed Pressure Drilling Underbalanced Appli

13、cations Kick Control Severe Loss Circulation(Loss/Kick Cycle)High Pressure Wells Exploration WellsLevel 4 Autochoke Skid自动节流管汇 Autochoke Control Display Back Pressure Pump 回压泵 PWDDownhole Equipment for MPD 止回阀NRV Float Subs;Non-Ported Floats;Bleed-off toolMPD Kick Detection and Control Easy to detec

14、t small influx 更容易检测小的井侵 Increase back-pressure immediately and STOP influx 能够立即增加回压,阻止井侵 Continuous data from PWD 能够通过PWD获得连续的井内数据 Able to accurately determine minimum BHP required 能够精确确定所需的最小井底压力.Can continue drilling or circulate while preparing heavier mud 准备重泥浆时,能够继续钻进或循环MPD Loss Detection and

15、ControlEasy to detect small loss更容易检测到微小漏失 Decrease back-pressure instantly and STOP losses 能够立即减少回压，停止漏失 Continuous data from PWD 能够从PWD中获得连续的井内数据.Able to accurately determine maximum BHP possible 能够精确确定最大可能的井底压力Can continue drilling or circulate while preparing lighter mud,or LCM mud 当准备低密度泥浆或者堵漏泥

16、浆时,能够持续钻进或者保持循环Can keep dropping back-pressure to minimize losses(within operational limits)能够通过降低回压,减少漏失(在操作范围内)Onsite MPD Team&CommunicationsDrill Site Drill Site SupervisorSupervisorRig CrewRig CrewRig Manager/Rig Manager/ToolpusherToolpusherMPD MPD SupervisorSupervisorDrillerDriller MPD/DAS MPD/

17、DAS EngineerEngineerPWD EngineerPWD EngineerMPDMPD Operators OperatorsRCD RCD SupervisorSupervisorOperational Procedures操作程序操作程序 Connection 接单根程序接单根程序 Tripping 起下钻程序起下钻程序 RCD Sealing Element Change Out 旋转控制头密封件更换程序旋转控制头密封件更换程序 NRV Bleed Off 止回阀泄压程序止回阀泄压程序Contingency Procedures应急程序应急程序n Plugged Choke

18、节流阀和管线堵塞n Plugged Coriolis Meter流量计堵塞n NRV and Drill String Failures 止回阀或钻柱失效n Emergency Pressure Trapping 紧急境况下加压n Power Failure(but have independent generators,with redundancy)动力失效（控压钻井系统的动力是由独立的发电机提供的，失效情况基本不存在）n Drillers Dog House Guides/emergency instructions司钻房操作指南 n Dynamic MPD Well Control 动

19、态井控动态井控n Surface Equipment Failure 地面设备失效地面设备失效GeoBalance:Optimized Case History North America ChallengeTectonically stressed formation,narrow collapse/fracture pressure window,mud loss,stuck pipe.SolutionResultsADT analysis of event,Rt-Wellbore Integrity,hydraulics management with constant bottom h

20、ole pressure control.Drilled to reservoir with no further problem.Set casing and began Underbalanced Drilling,selling while drilling.GeoBalance:Sigma ServiceCase History MexicoChallengeSolutionResultsGeoBalance Specialty Drilling Fluid design,Bottom Hole Pressure control within a given pressure window,Multi-phase drilling fluids with hydraulics management,Sperry LWD/Directional.Able to isolate depleted formations and reduced days to drill.Drill depleted reservoir with 2 ppg pressures while minimizing mud losses,differential sticking and reservoir damage.