托福口语资料task-4课件.ppt

1、Rebecca 序号序号任务任务类型类型准备准备时间时间回答回答时间时间材料材料性质性质Task 3 读听说读听说 30 60 校园校园对话对话Task 4读听说读听说 30 60 学术学术演讲演讲Task 4General introduction:An integrated task reading listening speaking Academic subject but no prior knowledge of any academic field are requiredReading (75-100 words and will disappear after;40-45 t

2、o read)Listening (conversation on same topic with picture;1-1.5 to listen)Speaking (combine info.in two sources;no personal ideas 30 to prepare&60 to speak)Task 41.Reading section(the foundation for listening and answering)What to read in T4:A concept of a general principle and specific examples;OR

3、A problem and respects about it/ways to solve it.带着一个带着一个“概念是什么，现象是什么概念是什么，现象是什么”的想法的想法来阅读来阅读Academic subject sciences&arts 多为日常生活中的人文、科学常识。难度适中。1.life science（生命科学）:the study of living organisms,such as biology,medicine,or ecology.potentiality;how to store food 2.social science（社会科学）:the study of h

4、uman society.perception 3.physical science（自然科学）:the study of the nature and nonliving matter,such as physics,chemistry,or geology.secondary ecological succession（二级生态演替）4.humanity（人文科学）:the study of human thought and culture,such as philosophy,literature,and art.visual elements;movie Academic subje

5、ct sciences&arts题目出现的比例题目出现的比例：最多为人文科学(60%以上)社会学和生命学中等(20%左右)自然科学极少(less than 10%)Reading example 1One of the most persistent desires of human beings has been to indulge in mood-changing and pleasure-giving practices.For instance,diverse cultures have engaged in the drinking of alcoholic beverage of

6、 all descriptions.But as with most pleasure,overindulgence can be harmful to oneself and others.Also,not everyone agrees that drinking or using other mood modifiers should be an accepted pleasure.Reading example 1One of the most persistent desires of human beings has been to indulge in mood-changing

7、 and pleasure-giving practices.For instance,diverse cultures have engaged in the drinking of alcoholic beverage of all descriptions.But as with most pleasure,overindulgence can be harmful to oneself and others.Also,not everyone agrees that drinking or using other mood modifiers should be an accepted

8、 pleasure.Desires:mood-changing+pleasure-givingeg.drinking over not 人人 acceptcautions 根据上下文猜测生词！（根据上下文猜测生词！（context）1.抓住文中认识的尤其是认识的主要动词，据此来推断周围的生词的大意。2.例推法:根据文章中的例子来推其前面的重要词汇。3.比较连接词,推断前后信息.Although,by,including,when,so that 读 通 文 意 比 记 笔 记 更 重 要！读 通 文 意 比 记 笔 记 更 重 要！重要信息一般出现在signal words之后！2.Liste

9、ning section(additional info.for answering)What to listen in T4:A brief lecture in which a professor gives more examples or details.cautions 根据信号词推断逻辑和次重点！根据信号词推断逻辑和次重点！1.one,another,first,second,next,generally（结构）2.essential,important,key,main,necessary,primary,significant,especially（次重点）3.cause,co

10、nsequence,effect,example,problem,reason,result,characteristic,feature,function,idea,point,quality.（重点细节）抓大意在先，探细节在后。不要在小词上纠缠抓大意在先，探细节在后。不要在小词上纠缠 有听不懂的关键名词，记下模糊发音或用代号有听不懂的关键名词，记下模糊发音或用代号听的时候，带着听的时候，带着“老师用什么例子来进行说明老师用什么例子来进行说明”这个这个问题去听问题去听3.Speaking section(combine info.in 2 sources;no personal ideas)

11、What to speak in T4:描述描述阅读阅读材料中材料中涉及的涉及的概念概念（如果没有，自己（如果没有，自己总结）总结）解释解释听力材料听力材料中的中的例子例子 听力听得较好可以选择不回答阅读内容（互补）听力听得较好可以选择不回答阅读内容（互补）General format The lecture is about+授课主题,referring to+主题定义 10 The professor gives the example of+具体内容（1/2点）50In the first example,he states that./First of all,he points ou

12、t that.(The second point is that./The professor also says that.)Case study 1 Narrator Now read the passage about social interaction.You have 45 seconds to read the passage.Begin reading now.Social Interaction People deal with each other every day.This interaction is at the heart of social life.The s

13、tudy of social interaction is concerned with the influence people have over one anothers behavior.People take each other into account in their daily behavior and in fact,the very presence of others can affect behavior.For example,one principle of social interaction,audience effects,suggests that ind

14、ividuals work is affected by their knowledge that they are visible to others,that the presence of others tends to alter the way people behave or perform an activity.ExplanationSocial InteractionPeople deal with each other every day.This interaction is at the heart of social life.The study of social

15、interaction is concerned with the influence people have over one anothers behavior.People take each other into account in their daily behavior and in fact,the very presence of others can affect behavior.For example,one principle of social interaction,audience effects,suggests that individuals work i

16、s affected by their knowledge that they are visible to others,that the presence of others tends to alter the way people behave or perform an activity.Notes for readingsocial interac:influ.on beha.presence of others affect eg.audience effects affected if know they r visible/watchedNarrator Now listen

17、 to part of a talk in a sociology class.The professor is discussing audience effects.Notes of listeningInteraction:impact on behav.Know being watched perform speed 1.Tie shoes with laces2.Learn new things:typing But,more mistakes When the dialogue ended,the picture of the students will be replaced b

18、y the following:Now get ready to answer the question.The question will then appear on your computer screen and will also read by the narrator.Explain how the examples of tying shoes and learning to type demonstrate the principle of audience effects.prepare time:30 seconds response time:60 seconds整理笔

19、记，最终开口整理笔记，最终开口T(according to the reading):audience effects affected if they know being watchedExample 1:tying shoes,1 group knew,type faster,1 not.Example 2:learning to type faster,but mistakesThe principle of audience effects is that individuals performance is affected by the knowledge that others

20、 are watching them.The professor uses examples of tying shoes and learning to type to demonstrate that we actually increase our speed of performing if we know that we are being observed.In the example of tying shoes,one group of college students was told that they were being observed,the other didnt

21、 know they were being observed.The students who knew they were being watched tied their shoes much faster than the other group.And in the example of learning to type,when we are conscious of being observed,we will increase typing speed.We type faster than we do alone.Also,other behavioral pattern wi

22、ll increase,like making mistakes.So when we type faster when we know we are being observed,we also make more mistakes.示范回答示范回答Sample answer 1In this lecture,the professor gives two examples to illustrate the principles of audience effects.One of them is tying shoes,and the other one is how to type.S

23、o in the experiment where two groups to tie their shoes,The first group were said they were be observed,The other one was not told so.The first group that they knew they would be observed tied their shoes faster;and the other one slower.In the second example;activities such as learning typing;again

24、when people are conscious they are being observed they type faster.However,they tend to make more mistakes as well.So the suggestion is to practice new activities alone in order to reduce mistakesSpeak clearly and fluently.Show a good command over grammar and vocabulary.State very clearly and logica

25、lly the concept and two examples.Topic 段段:T1 OK,so we said that the way we interact with others has an impact on our behavior.In fact,theres some interesting research to suggest that in one type of interaction-when were being observed specifically,when we know were being watched as we perform some a

26、ctivity-we tend to increase the speed at which we perform that activity.分组：标准？分组：标准？Reason段：段：R1In one study,college students were asked to each put on a pair of shoes-shoes with laces they would have to tie.Now one group of students was told that they would be observed.The second group,however,didn

27、t know they were being observed.The students who were aware that they were being watched actually tied their shoes much faster than the students who thought they were alone.Other studies confirm the same is true even when were learning new activities.差别：特征？差别：特征？Lets say someone is learning a new ta

28、sk-for example,learning how to type.When theyre conscious of being observed,theyll likely begin typing at a much faster rate than they would if they were alone.But,and this is interesting,the study also showed that certain common behavior-things people typically do,like.making mistakes when youre le

29、arning something new that behavior pattern will also increase.So in other words,when were learning to type,and we know were being watched,well type faster but well also make more mistakes.Reason段：段：R2HomeworkSampling errorOften,students or employees will be asked to draw a conclusion from a huge amo

30、unt of data.Thats when a sample is introduced.When a sample is accurate,it can represent the whole group.But when it is wrong,sampling error would occur.In statistics,sampling error or estimation error is caused by observing a single sample instead of the whole population.Sampling error can be found

31、 by subtracting the value of a parameter from the value of a statistic.Generally,there are two methods of reducing sampling error:increasing the sample size,and ensuring that the sample can adequately represent the entire population.Narrator Now listen to a lecture on this topic in a statistics clas

32、s.When the dialogue ended,the picture of the students will be replaced by the following:Now get ready to answer the question.The question will then appear on your computer screen and will also read by the narrator.The professor uses one experiment to illustrate the definition of sampling error.Explain how this example is related to the reading passage.prepare time:30 seconds response time:60 seconds精品文档精品文档 欢迎下载欢迎下载读书破万卷，下笔如有神读书破万卷，下笔如有神-杜甫杜甫