助动词用法归纳小学(DOC 11页).doc

1、精心整理助动词（AuxiliaryVerb）：协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词。自身没有词义，不可单独使用。主要动词（MainVerb）：是被协助的动词，构成时态和语态。HedoesntlikeEnglish.他不喜欢英语。（doesnt是助动词，无词义；like是主要动词，有词义)最常用的助动词有：be,have,do,shall,will,should,would等。基本助动词只有三个：be,do,have他们没有词汇意义，只有语法作用，如协助构成进行时，完成时，被动态，否定句，疑问句等。一、 be动词的用法既可作系动词，又可作助动词，做助动词有人称和数的变化，第一人称用am,第二人称及复

2、数用are,第三人称及单数用is，am,is过去式为was,are的过去式为were,它与现在分词构成进行时态和过去分词一起构成被动语态。a.表示时态be+doing（现在分词）表示现在进行的动作Heissinging.他正在唱歌。b.表示语态be+done(过去分词）表被动语态HewassenttoEngland.他被派往英国。c.be+todo（动词不定式）表示计划安排命令。Wearetoplanttreesnextweek.下周我们将要去植树。Youaretoexplainthis。对此你要做出解释。二、do的用法Do主要帮助实意动词构成否定和疑问句，后跟动词原形，有时放在实意动词前起强

3、调作用，还可代替前文出现的动词，避免重复。Do有人称和数的变化，第一、二人称及复数用do，第三人称及单数用does，过去式为did。1）构成一般疑问句。DO+主语+动词原形+其他Ilikesinging变为疑问句为Doyoulikesinging?2）do+not构成否定句。主语+do+not+动词原形。Idonotwanttobecriticized.我不想挨批评。Hedoesntliketostudy.他不想学习。ManystudentsdidntknowtheimportanceofEnglishbefore.过去好多学生不知道英语的重要性.3)构成否定祈使句。Dontgothere.不

4、要去那里。Dontbesoabsent-minded.不要这么心不在焉。说明：构成否定祈使句只用do，不用did和does。4）放在动词原形前，加强该动词的语气。Docometomybirthdaypartyplease.请一定来参加我的生日宴会。Ididgothere.我确实去那儿了。Idomissyou.我确实想你。我真想你了！5）用作代替动词。-DoyoulikeBeijing?-你喜欢北京吗？-Yes,Ido.No,Idont.-是的，喜欢。（do用作代动词，代替likeBeijing.）Heknowshowtodriveacar,doesnthe?他知道如何开车，对吧？三、 have

5、的用法Have+过去分词构成完成时态Ihavestudiedenglishforalongtime.情态动词的基本用法归纳情态动词有can(could),may(might),must,haveto,shall(should,will(would),dare(dared),need(needed),oughtto等。情态动词无人称和数的变化；不能单独使用，必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语。一、can,could1)表示能力Marycanspeakthreelanguages.Canyouskate?此时可用beableto代替。Can只有一般现在时和一般过去式；而beableto则有更多的时态。I

6、llnotbeabletocomethisafternoon.当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用beableto，不能用Can。如：Hewasabletogotothepartyyesterdayeveninginspiteoftheheavyrain.2)表示请求和允许。-CanIgonow?-Yes,youcan./No,youcant.此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could,might代替，不是过去式，只是语气更委婉，不能用于肯定句和答语中。-CouldIcometoseeyoutomorrow?-Yes,youcan.(No,Imafraidnot.)3)表示推测（惊讶、

7、怀疑、不相信的态度），用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。Canthisbetrue?Thiscantbedonebyhim.Howcanthisbetrue?二、may,might1)表示请求和允许。might比may语气更委婉，而不是过去式。否定回答时可用cant或mustnt，表示“不可以，禁止”。-Might/MayIsmokeinthisroom?-No,youmustnt.-May/MightItakethisbookoutoftheroom?-Yes,youcan.(No,youcant/mustnt.)用MayI.？征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气，而用CanI.？在口语中更常见。2）用

8、于祈使句，表示祝愿。Mayyousucceed!3)表示推测、可能性（不用于疑问句）。might不是过去式，它所表示的可能性比may小。1Hemay/mightbeverybusynow.2Yourmothermay/mightnotknowthetruth.三、must,haveto1)表示必须、必要。Youmustcomeintime.在回答引出的问句时，如果是否定的，不能用mustnt（禁止，不准），而用neednt,donthaveto（不必）.-Mustwehandinourexercisebookstoday?-Yes,youmust.-No,youdonthaveto/youne

9、ednt.2)must是说话人的主观看法，而haveto则强调客观需要。Must只有一般现在时，haveto有更多的时态形式。1heplayisntinteresting,Ireallymustgonow.2IhadtoworkwhenIwasyourage.3)表示推测、可能性（只用于肯定的陈述句）1YoureTomsgoodfriend,soyoumustknowwhathelikesbest.2Yourmothermustbewaitingforyounow.四、shall,should1) shall+动词原形表示将来时态Shallwegoshoppingtomorrow?2)shal

10、l用于第一人称，征求对方的意见。Whatshallwedothisevening?shall用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。1.Youshallfailifyoudontworkhard.(警告)2.HeshallhavethebookwhenIfinishit.(允诺)3.Heshallbepunished.(威胁)六、will,would1)表示请求、建议等，would更委婉。Wouldyoulikeacupofcoffee?你想要一杯咖啡吗？2) will+动词原形表将来时态Hewillcomebacknextmonth.他下个月将会回来。3）表示意志、愿望和

11、决心。1.Iwillneverdothatagain.助动词练习题1把下列句子变为一般疑问句。1. Itisalovelydog._2. Sheislovelygirl._3. Weareclassmates._4. Iamadoctor._5. Thereisabirdinthetree._6. Theyaregoodfriends._7. Ilovemyparents._9.Wehaveapleasanthome._10.TheygotochurchonSunday._11.Youareasinger._2.用dodoesbe填空1_sheknowalltheanswers?Yes,she

12、_.No,she_.2_thetwinsoftenfight?Yes,_do.No,_dont.3_yourdadlikelisteningtomusic?Yes,_does.No,_doesnt.5_youhaveanewteacher?Yes,I_.No,I_.6_sheateacher?Yes,she_.No,she_.10_yourfathersmokinginthelivingroom?Yes,_is.No,he_.助动词和情态动词专项练习一、情态动词的基本用法CanJohnSmith_hishomeworkontime?A.finishB.finishesC.finishingD.

13、finishedShedare_outbyherselfatnight.A.gonotB.nottogoC.tonotgoD.notgoYou_tothepartytonightifyouhavesomethingimportanttodo.A.dontneedcomeB.neednttocomeC.needntcomeD.dontneedcomingWellbereadytoleaveateight.Well,Johnmust_backbythen.A.beingB.isC.beD.tobeYourgrandmother_thenewspaperwithoutglasses.A.cansti

14、llreadB.cansstillreadC.stillcanreadsD.canstillreads二、must,need,dare的用法MustIgetupearlytomorrow,Dad?No,you_.TomorrowisSunday.A.cantB.mustntC.needntD.couldntMustwefinishthebooktoday?Yes,you_.A.canB.mayC.needD.mustYou_playontheroad.Itsdangerous.A.mustntB.mayC.canD.mustYou_returnthebooknow.Youcankeepitun

15、tilnextweek.A.cantB.mustntC.needntD.darenotI_asleepingbagbecauseIvealreadygotone.A.neednthaveB.didnthaveC.dontneedD.neednotMrSmith_apenfromJack.A.musttoborrowB.hadborrowedC.mustborrowedD.hadtoborrow三、can,could,may,might的用法Theman_walkfastbecauseheislameintherightfoot.A.mustB.mustntC.canD.cantCouldIbo

16、rrowyourdictionary?Yes,ofcourseyou_.A.willB.wouldC.mustD.canAcomputer_thinkforitself,itmustbetoldwhattodo.A.mightnotB.maynotC.couldntD.cantThatmustbeamistake.Idontthinkso.It_amistake.A.maybenotB.needntbeC.cannotbeHe_helpcryingatthenewsofhisfathersdeath.A.couldntB.shouldntC.hadntD.didnt“Now,_allsmile

17、,please?”heasked.A.mayyouB.doyouC.shallyouD.canyouIhaventbroughtmydictionarywithme._Iuseyours?A.MustB.ShallC.MayD.Need四、should,would,shall,will的用法MustIcopythenewwordsinclass?No,you_.You_doitathome.A.neednt,mayB.mustnt,mustC.mustnt,mayD.neednt,mustntWouldyoupleasenotdrawpicturesonthewall?Sorry.I_itag

18、ain.A.amnotdoingB.dontdoC.didntdoD.wontdo21._Iopenthewindow?Itssowarmhere.A.ShallB.WillC.WouldD.Must22._youlikesomeoranges?A.WouldB.CanC.MayD.Must23.Tomsaidthathe_apologizetoMary.A.wouldB.willC.shallD.isgoingto24.“Doyouthinkwe_turnback?”Janeasked.A.shallB.willC.shouldD.wouldHe_anyhelp.Hecandoitallby

19、himself.A.needsnotB.needntC.doesntneedD.doesntneedtoaskLiFangisntintheclassroom.He_beatthelibrary.Letsgoandfindhim.A.canB.mustC.needD.shouldMayIhavealookatyournewwatch?Yes,you_.A.canB.mustC.needD.shouldMustIhandintheexercisebooktomorrow?No,you_.Youcanhanditinthedayaftertomorrow.A.cantB.mustntC.needn

20、tD.couldntThere_anEnglishtestnextMonday.A.maybeB.wasC.maybeD.mayYoudbetterasksomeone,oryou_getlost.A.mayB.mustntC.aregoingtoD.can7.“Comeon!”Petercalled.“We_stayhereanylonger.”A.couldntB.cantC.hadnttoD.mightnt8.MustTomwriteitnow?No,he_.A.needntB.cantC.mustD.mustnt9.“HaveyouseenLirecently?”“No,Ithinkh

21、emust_awayonvacation.”A.beingB.isC.beD.tobe10.“Allright.You_ifyoudontwantto.”A.dontneedstayB.needntstayC.neednttostayD.dontneedstaying1：She?_?to?see?documentaries（记录片）.A、do?wantB、dont?wantC、doesnt?wantD、not?want2：Look?at?that?picture?on?the?wall.?_?you?like?it?A、DoB、CanC、CouldD、Are3：He?_?like?pears.

22、A、doB、isC、doesntD、not4：Do?you?often?go?to?the?cinema_?Sunday?No,?we_.A、on,?dontB、on,?arent?C、in,?doD、in,?dont5：Can?you?see?a?light?on?the?table?Yes,?_.A、I?amB、Im?notC、I?canD、He?isnt6：Does?the?boy?want?to?be?an?actor?_.A、Yes,?he?isB、No,?he?doesC、Yes,?he?doesD、No,?he?isnt7：_?he?have?any?apples?A、DoB、D

23、oesC、IsD、Are8：She?_?want?to?be?a?policewoman,?because?she?thinks?its?kind?of?dangerous.A、isntB、arentC、dontD、doesnt9：Whyhe?have?brown?hair?A、doB、doesC、isD、has10：What?time_?he?get?home?every?day?A、isB、doesC、doD、am11：What_?you?see?in?the?picture?A、isB、areC、can?D、have12：Jack_?like?flying?kites_?throwing

24、?a?frisby.A、dont,?orB、doesnt,?andC、dont,?andD、doesnt,?or13：A：_?Jim?_?a?ball?B：No,?he_.A、Do,?have,?dontB、Does,?has,?doesntC、Is,?have,?isntD、Does,?have,?doesnt14：I?_?have?a?watch.A、am?notB、doesC、dontD、doesnt15：youa?good?time?on?your?vacation?A、Did;?haveB、Did;?hadC、Were;?haveD、Were;?had16：Simon?likes?_

25、?football,?but?he?doesnt?_?it?well.A、play,?playsB、to?play,?playsC、plays,?playingD、playing,?play17：Shehave?to?wash?the?dishes?now.A、dontB、notC、doesntD、cant18：_Colin?_?Chinese?history?Yes,?he?does.A、Do;?likeB、Does;?likesC、Do;?likesD、Does;?like19：Li?Lei?_?lunch?at?home.A、hasntB、haventC、dont?haveD、doesn

26、t?have20：Who?cleaned?the?blackboard?yesterday,?Dick?John.A、cleanedB、doesC、didD、is21：_?you?usually?come?to?school?by?bike?A、DontB、DoesntC、ArentD、Isnt22：Where_lions?come?from?I?think?they?come?from?Africa.A、are?B、is?C、does?D、do23：_?we?have?any?eggs?A、ArentB、DontC、CantD、Mustnt24：you?on?your?vacation?ye

27、sterday?A、AreB、WereC、WasD、Did25：Whodinner?last?night?My?mother.A、cooked;?didB、did;?cookedC、did;?didD、cooked;?cooked1. There_ameetingtomorrowafternoon.A.willbegoingtoB.willgoingtobeC.isgoingtobeD.willgotobe2. Mother_meanicepresentonmynextbirthday.A.willgivesB.willgiveC.givesD.Give3. Listen!Thegirl_in

28、theroom.A.singsB.singingC.issingingD.aresinging4. Whatareyoudoing?Im_TV.A.watchB.watchesC.towatchD.Watching5. Inourschooltherearefifty-five_.AwomenteachersB.womanteachers.CwomenteacherD.womansteacher6. Jackwenttohavetwo_pulledoutyesterdayafternoon.A.toothsB.toothC.teethD.Toothes7. Many_havebeenbuiltinourcitysince1987.A.factorysB.factoriesC.factoryesD.factorys8. Whosthatatthedoor?_isthepostman.A.SheB.ThisC.ItD.He9.yougotothemoviesyesterday?A.DoB.DidC.DoesD.Have精心整理