机械加工-机械制造-53industrial-robots课件.ppt

1、Lesson 53 Industrial RobotsTerminologyText tour 2023-5-151机械工程专业英语教程Terminology2023-5-152机械工程专业英语教程Industrial robot 工业机器人机械工程专业英语教程2023-5-15Articulate Consisting of sections united by joints,jointed由关节连接的：由关节连接组成部分的由关节连接的：由关节连接组成部分的,连接的连接的T-3 robot T-3机器人机器人 3Parting 1.The act or process of separati

2、ng or dividing.分离，分开：分离或分开的行为或过程2.The state of being separated or divided.分离，分开：分离或分开的状态Shutdown A cessation of operations or activity,as at a factory停工，关闭：停止操作或活动，如在工厂中2023-5-15机械工程专业英语教程4机械工程专业英语教程2023-5-15Text tour5There are a variety of definitions of the term robot.Depending on the definition u

3、sed,the number of robot installations worldwide varies widely.Numerous single-purpose machines are used in manufacturing plants that might appear to be robots.These machines are hardwired to perform a single function and can not be reprogrammed to perform a different function.有许多关于机器人这个术语的定义。采用不同的定义

4、，全世界各地机器人的数量就会发生很大的变化。在制造工厂中使用的许多单用途机器可能会看起来像机器人。这些机器是硬连线的，不能通过重新编程的方式去完成不同的工作。Such single-purpose machines do not fit the definition for industrial robots that is becoming widely accepted.This definition was developed by the Robot Institute of America:这种单用途的机器不能满足被人们日益广泛接受的关于工业机器人的定义。这个定义是由美国机器人协会提

5、出的：A robot is a reprogrammable multifunctional manipulator designed to move material,parts,tools,or specialized devices through variable programmed motions for the performance of a variety of tasks.机器人是一个可以改编程序的多功能操作器，被设计用来按照预先编制的、能够完成多种作业的运动程序运送材料、零件、工具或者专用设备。2023-5-156机械工程专业英语教程Note that this defi

6、nition contains the words reprogrammable and multifunctional.It is these two characteristics that separate the true industrial robot from the various single-purpose machines used in modem manufacturing firms.注意在这个定义中包含“可以改编程序”和“多功能”这两个词。正是这两个词将真正的机器人与现代制造工厂中使用的单一用途的机器区分开来。The term“reprogrammable”imp

7、lies two things:The robot operates according to a written program,and this program can be rewritten to accommodate a variety of manufacturing tasks.“可以改编程序”这个术语意味着两件事：机器人根据编写的程序工作，以及可以通过重新编写程序来适应不同种类的制造工作的需要。机械工程专业英语教程2023-5-157The term“multifunctional”means that the robot can,through reprogramming

8、and the use of different end-effectors,perform a number of different manufacturing tasks.Definitions written around these two critical characteristics are becoming the accepted definitions among manufacturing professionals.“多功能”这个词意味着机器人能通过编程和使用不同的末端执行机构，来完成不同的制造工作。围绕着这两个关键特征所撰写的定义正在变成为制造业的专业人员所接受的定

9、义。机械工程专业英语教程2023-5-158The first articulated arm came about in 1951 and was used by the U.S.Atomic Energy Commission.In 1954,the first programmable robot was designed by George Devol.It was based on two important technologies:第一个带有活动关节的手臂于1951年被研制出来，由美国原子能委员会使用。在1954年，第一个可以编程的机器人由乔治狄弗设计出来。它基于下面两项重要技术

10、。(1)Numerical control(NC)technology.(1)数字控制(NC)技术。(2)Remote manipulation technology.(2)远程操作技术。2023-5-159机械工程专业英语教程Numerical control technology provided a form of machine control ideally suited to robots.It allowed for the control of motion by stored programs.数字控制技术提供一种非常适合于机器人的机器控制技术。它可通过存储的程序对运动进行控

11、制。These programs contain data points to which the robot sequentially moves,timing signals to initiate action and to stop movement,and logic statements to allow for decision making.这些程序包含机器人进行顺序运动的数据，开始运动和停止运动的时间控制信号，以及做出决定所需要的逻辑语句。2023-5-1510机械工程专业英语教程Remote manipulation technology allowed a machine

12、 to be more than just another NC machine.It allowed such machines to become robots that can perform a variety of manufacturing tasks in both inaccessible and unsafe environments.By merging these two technologies,Devol developed the first industrial robot,an unsophisticated programmable materials han

13、dling machine.远程操作技术使得一台机器的性能超出一台数控机器。它可以使这种机器能够在不容易进入和不安全的环境中完成各种制造任务。通过融合上述两项技术，狄弗研制出第一个机器人，它是一个不复杂的，可以编程的物料运送机器人。2023-5-1511机械工程专业英语教程The first commercially produced robot was developed in 1959.In 1962,the first industrial robot to be used on a production line was installed by General Motors Corp

14、oration.This robot was produced by Unimation.第一台商业化生产的机器人在1959年研制成功。通用汽车公司在1962年安装了第一台用于生产线上的工业机器人，它是尤尼梅森公司生产的。A major step forward in robot control occurred in 1973 with the development of the T-3 industrial robot by Cincinnati Milacron.The T-3 robot was the first commercially produced industrial r

15、obot controlled by a minicomputer.在1973年，辛辛那提米兰克朗公司研制出T-3工业机器人，在机器人的控制方面取得了较大的进展。T-3机器人是第一台商业化生产的采用计算机控制的机器人。2023-5-1512机械工程专业英语教程Numerical control and remote manipulation technology prompted the wide-scale development and use of industrial robots.But major technological developments do not take pla

16、ce simply because of such new capabilities.Something must provide the impetus for taking advantage of these capabilities.In the case of industrial robots,the impetus was economics.数字控制技术和远程操作技术推动了大范围的机器人研制和应用。但是主要的技术进步并不仅仅是由于这些新的应用能力而产生的，而是必须由利用这些能力所得到的效益来提供动力。就工业机器人而言，这个动力是经济性。2023-5-1513机械工程专业英语教程

17、The rapid inflation of wages experienced in the 1970s tremendously increased the personnel costs of manufacturing firms.At the same time,foreign competition became a serious problem for U.S.manufacturers.Foreign manufacturers who had under taken automation on a wide-scale basis,such as those in Japa

18、n,began to gain an increasingly large share of the U.S.and world market for manufactured goods,particularly automobiles.在20世纪70年代，工资的快速增长大大增加了制造业的企业中的人工费用。与此同时，来自国外的竞争成为美国制造业所面临的一个严峻的考验。诸如日本等外国的制造厂家在广泛地应用自动化技术之后，其工业产品，特别是汽车，在美国和世界市场中占据了日益增大的份额。2023-5-1514机械工程专业英语教程Through a variety of automation tec

19、hniques,including robots,Japanese manufacturers,beginning in the 1970s,were able to produce better automobiles more cheaply than nonautomated U.S.manufacturers.Consequently,in order to survive,U.S.manufacturers were forced to consider any technological developments that could help improve productivi

20、ty.通过采用包括机器人在内的各种自动化技术，从20世纪70年代开始，日本的制造厂家能够比没有采用自动化技术的美国制造厂家生产更好的和更便宜的汽车。随后，为了生存，美国制造厂家被迫考虑采用任何能够提高生产率的技术。2023-5-1515机械工程专业英语教程It became imperative to produce better products at lower costs in order to be competitive with foreign manufacturers.Other factors such as the need to find better ways of p

21、erforming dangerous manufacturing tasks contributed to the development of industrial robots.However,the principal rationale has always been,and is still,improved productivity.为了与国外制造厂家进行竞争，必须以比较低的成本，生产出更好的产品。其他的因素，诸如寻找能够更好地完成带有危险性的制造工作的方式也促进了工业机器人的发展。但是，主要的理由一直是，而且现在仍然是提高生产率。2023-5-1516机械工程专业英语教程One

22、 of the principal advantages of robots is that they can be used in settings that are dangerous to humans.Welding and parting are examples of applications where robots can be used more safely than humans.Even though robots are closely associated with safety in the workplace,they can,in themselves,be

23、dangerous.机器人的一个主要优点是它们可以在对于人类来说是危险的位置上工作。采用机器人进行焊接和切断工作是比由人工来完成这些工作更安全的例子。尽管机器人与工作地点的安全密切相关，它们本身也可能是危险的。机械工程专业英语教程2023-5-1517Robots and robot cells must be carefully designed and configured so that they do not endanger human workers and other machines.Robot work envelopes should be accurately calcu

24、lated and a danger zone surrounding the envelope clearly marked off.Red flooring strips and barriers can be used to keep human workers out of a robots work envelope.应该仔细地设计和配置机器人和机器人单元，使它们不会伤害人类和其他机器。应该精确地算出机器人的工作范围，且在这个范围的四周清楚地标出危险区域。可以采用在地面上画出红颜色的线和设置障碍物以阻止工人进入机器人的工作范围。2023-5-1518机械工程专业英语教程Even wi

25、th such precautions it is still a good idea to have an automatic shutdown system in situations where robots are used.Such a system should have the capacity to sense the need for an automatic shutdown of operations.Fault-tolerant computers and redundant systems can be installed to ensure proper shutdown of robotics systems to ensure a safe environment.即使有了这些预防措施，在使用机器人的场地中设置一个自动停止工作的系统仍然不失为一个好主意。机器人的这个系统应该具有能够检测出是否有需要自动停止工作的要求的能力。为了保证能有一个安全的环境，应当安装容错计算机和冗余系统来保证在适当的时候停止机器人的工作。19机械工程专业英语教程2023-5-15