科普版小学五年级英语知识汇总(DOC 10页).docx

1、科普版小学五年级英语知识汇总 作者： 日期：2 小学五年级英语语法知识总结一、词类： 1、名词这里强调两点：不可数名词都默认为单数，所以总是用is名词复数如何加后缀：各种不同情况变化方法例词一般情况直接加-sbook-books bag-bags cat-cats bed-beds以s. x. sh. ch结尾加-esbus-buses box-boxes brush-brushes watch-watches peachpeaches glass-glasses以“辅音字母+y”结尾变y为i, 再加-esfamily-families study-studies以“f或fe”结尾变f或fe为

2、v，再加-esknife-knives不规则名词复数man-men woman-women policeman-policemen policewoman-policewomen mouse-mice foot-feet child-children fish-fish Chinese-Chinese2、 人称代词和物主代词人称代词物主代词单数复数单数复数主格宾格主格宾格形容词性形容词性第一人称I（我）mewe（我们）usmy（我的）our（我们的）第二人称you（你）youyou（你们）youyour（你的）your（你们的）第三人称he（他）himthey（他/她/它们）themhis（他

3、的）their（他/她/它们的）she（她）herher（她的）it（它）itit（它的）人称代词： 有主格和宾格之分。 一般动词前用主格，动词后用宾格。3、指示代词指近处指远处单数this （这个）that （那个）复数these（这些）those（那些）4、冠词有a、an、the。a和an的区别：an用于元音音素（一般就是元音字母a、e、i、o、u）前，a用于辅音音素前。一般现在时1、定义：表示经常发生或习惯性的动作、状态。句中通常有usually，often，every day，sometimes，always，at weekends，on Sundays等表示经常性时间的短语。2、构成

4、：1）当谓语是be动词时，一般现在时的构成：主语be动词其他如：I am a student. He is Jims father. They are from Japan.2）当谓语是行为动词时，一般现在时的构成：主语（非第三人称单数）动词原形其他如：I often watch TV at the weekends. Mr Green and Mrs Green like collecting stamps.主语（第三人称单数）动词的第三人称单数形式其他如：Jim usually visits his grandparents on Sundays. She sometimes goes t

5、o the park with her mother. 3、动词三单形式的变化规则： 一般情况下，直接加s 如：read-reads，swim-swims 以s，x，sh，ch，o结尾，加es 如：wash-washes，watch-watches，do-does 以辅音字母y结尾，变y为i，再加es 如：study-studies，fly-flies 不规则变化 如：have-has4、一般现在时的句型转换：肯定句否定句一般疑问句及回答They watch TVevery day.They dont watch TVevery day.Do they watch TV every day?Y

6、es, they do. / No, they dont.She watches TVevery day.She doesnt watchTV every day. Does she watch TV every day?Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt.现在进行时1、定义：表示现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的动作。句中常有now，look，listen等词。如：I am washing clothes now. Look! Liu Tao is climbing the tree. Listen! Jane is singing in the music room.

7、2、构成：be动词（am/is/are）+ 动词现在分词（V-ing）3、动词现在分词构成： 一般是在动词原形后加ing 如：read-reading，drink-drinking，eat-eating，look-looking 以不发音的e结尾的动词，去掉e，再加ing 如：write-writing，make-making，ride-riding，take-taking 以重读闭音节结尾，如末尾只有一个辅音字母，要双写这个字母，再加ing 如：sit-sitting，swim-swimming，put-putting，run-running，stop-stopping，get-gettin

8、g，begin-beginning，jog-jogging，forget-forgetting4、动名词其实就是动词的现在分词，它既有名词性质（可作主语），又有动词性质（可带宾语）。如：Asking the wayMy hobby is collecting stamps.He is good at skating. 5、现在进行时的句型转换：肯定句否定句一般疑问句及回答He is running now.He isnt running now. Is he running now?Yes, he is. / No, he isnt. They are making a puppet.They

9、 arent making a puppet. Are they making a puppet?Yes, they are. / No, they arent.句法1、陈述句说明事实或陈述说话人观点的句子。基本结构：主语谓语其他1）肯定陈述句 We all like pandas very much.2）否定陈述句 He doesnt do housework at weekends2、疑问句用来提出问题，询问情况的句子，末尾用问号。1）一般疑问句：一般疑问句常用来询问一件事是否属实，通常以be动词，助动词或情态动词开头，用yes或no来回答，因此又叫是非疑问句，通常读升调。Is Mr Gr

10、een from the UK? Yes，he is. / No，he isnt.Do you have any hobbies? Yes，I do. / No，I dont.Can you play the guitar? Yes，I can. / No，I cant.2）特殊疑问句：以特殊疑问词引导，要求回答具体问题，不能用yes或no来回答。How do you go to work every day? I go to work by car.常用疑问词： 疑问词意思用法What time 什么时间问具体时间，如几点钟Who谁问人Whose 谁的问主人Where在哪里问地点What 什

11、么问东西、事物What colour什么颜色问颜色How old多大年纪问年纪How many多少数量（可数名词）问数量How much多少钱；多少数量（不可数名词）问多少钱或数量（不可数）3）选择疑问句：提供两种或两种以上情况，让对方选择，往往用or连接。Would you like some tea or coffee? Some coffee, please.3、祈使句表示请求或命令别人做某事或不做某事。1）用于第二人称，通常省略you。肯定祈使句：Open the door, please. 否定祈使句：Dont be late again.2）用于第一人称和第三人称，通常以let（l

12、et后跟宾格）或shall开头。Let me have a look. Lets play a game now. Let him go home now.Shall we meet at one thirty in front of the Garden Theatre?4、感叹句表达喜怒哀乐等强烈感情，句尾常用感叹号（!），语气用降调。1）what + 名词或名词性短语 What a big garden (it is)!What an interesting storybook (it is) !What lovely weather (it is)!What pretty girls

13、(they are)!2）how +形容词或副词主语动词How nice!How beautiful the flowers are!How tall Yao Ming is!句式变换： 陈述句变一般疑问句1、 人称变化：句首I 变you，you变I，句中my变your，your变my， me变you，you变me。be动词跟着人称变。2、 有be，be提前；有情，情提前；无be无情，do、does放句首,其他动词统统用原形。I am a pupil. Are you a pupil?Eve is washing clothes. Is Eve washing clothes?They are

14、 in the playground. Are they in the playground?I can swim. Can you swim?I can help you. Can you help me.He has a long ruler. Does he have a long ruler?对划线部分提问注意：人称变化同陈述句变一般疑问句的规则一样,划线部分在提问时坚决不能再用到，打死也不能用。1、 对现在分词进行提问，套用“What+be+主语+doing？”I am doing my homework. What are you doing？（有人称的变化）2、 对现在分词后面部

15、分提问，套用“What+be+主语+现在分词？”Eve is drawing a little girl. What is Eve drawing？3、 对地点方位进行提问，套用“Where+be+主语+其他”I am here. Where are you?The boys in my class are in the playground. Where are the boys in your class?（有其他成分，有人称的变化）4、对人物提问，只把划线部分改成Who.肯定句变否定句人称不用变，and变成or，some变any，有be，be not；有情，情not；无be无情，主语后面

16、放上dont，doesnt，其他动词统统用原形。Its a computer. It isnt a computer. (be not)He can read and write. He cant read or write.(情not，and变成or)Ted has some cakes. Ted doesnt have any cakes.（Ted后面放上doesnt，has变原形，some变any）同音词right-write to-too-two no-know by-bye-buy there-theirfor-four son-sun see-sea-c eye-I our-hour where-wear meet-meat be-bee hi-high deer-dear are-r you-u why-y反义词long-short tall-short big-small new-old right-left outside-inside fast-slow there-here this-that right-wrong good-bad white-black come-go up-down day-night in-out open-close stand-sit11