磁流变阻尼器-课件.ppt
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1、Products of LORDAudi TT (¥400,000-700,000)Audi R8(¥2320,000-2780,000)Buick Lucerne(¥300,000-500,000)Ferrari 599GTB(¥5000,000)Holden HSV Commodore(¥1200,000-2000,000)地势MRF-122EG Magneto-Rheological Fluid Fast Response Time responds instantly and reversibly to changes in a magnetic field.Dynamic Yield
2、 Strength provides high yield strength in the presence of a magnetic field and very low yield strength in the absence of a magnetic field;allows for a wide range of controllability.Temperature Resistant performs consistently throughout a broad temperature range,meeting the requirements of demanding
3、applications such as automotive shock absorbers.Hard Settling Resistant provides high resistance to hard settling;easily redispersed(重分散).Non-Abrasive(零磨损)formulated to not abrade(损伤)the devices in which the MR fluid is used.Features and BenefitsWhat are magneto rheological fluids?Magnetorheological
4、 fluids belong to the group of so called controllable fluids.This means that they exhibit a significant change in their rheological behaviour when an external magnetic field(外部磁场)is applied to them.They are indeed composed of micron-sized magnetic particles(微米级磁粒),located inside a liquid carrier,tha
5、t form chain-like structures when the external magnetic field is applied,resulting in an increase of the apparent viscosity(粘性)of the fluid(Fig.1 and 2).Fig.1:Chain-like structures formation in the MR fluid underan externally applied magnetic field(from LORD corporation)Fig.2:Chains formation in a d
6、rop of MR fluid(from ISC Fraunhofer)The rheological behaviour of MR fluids is often represented as a Bingham plastic model with a variable yield strength depending on the applied magnetic field H(Fig.3a and 3b).The flow is governed by the equation:where is the shear stress,is the shear strain and is
7、 the viscosity of the fluid.The operating range is the shaded area in Fig.3c.Below the yield stress(at strains of the order of 10-3),the MR fluid behaves viscoelastically:Where G is the complex material modulus.This model is also a good approximation for MR devices.However,the actual behaviour is mo
8、re complicated and includes stiction(静摩擦)and hysteresis(磁滞现象)such such as shown in Fig.3.d Fig.3:(a)and(b)Bingham plastic model,(c)Operating range,(d)Hysteretic behaviour in MR fluid devices 磁滞现象在铁磁性材料中是被广泛认知的。是指在磁化和去磁过程中,铁磁质的磁化强度不仅依赖于外磁场强度,还依赖于原先磁化强度的现象。当外加磁场施加于铁磁质时,其原子的偶极子按照外加场自行排列。即使当外加场被撤离,部分排列仍
9、保持:此时,该材料被磁化。在该材料中,磁场强度(H)和磁感应强度(B)之间的关系是非线性的。如果在增强场强条件下,此二者关系将呈曲线上升到某点,到达此点后,即使场强H继续增加,磁感应强度B也不再增加。该情况被称为磁饱和(magnetic saturation)。如果此时磁场线性降低,该线性关系将以另一条曲线返回到0场强的某点,该点的B将被初始曲线的磁感应强度量BR叫做剩磁感应强度或剩磁(remanent flux density)相抵消。如果绘制以外加磁场的全部强度的二者关系图,将为S形的回路。S的中间厚度描述了磁滞量,该量与材料的矫顽力相关。该现象的实际影响可为,例如,当通过磁芯的外加电流被
10、撤离,由于残留磁场继续吸引电枢,而引起滞后从而延迟磁能的释放延迟磁能的释放。磁滞现象 Hysteresis 磁流变阻尼器的力学模型虽然多种多样,而且有些能很精确模拟阻尼器的动态特性,但是无法直接反映阻尼器的逆向动态特性。由于磁流变阻尼器的研究涉及到电磁学、流体力学、热力学以及机械学等多学科,这些学科的交叉和融合为研究带来了挑战,但这些研究是使磁流阻尼在工程应用中不可缺少的关键技术。B-H loop对于晶粒取向电材料的一组B-H环路(BR 表示剩磁,而HC为矫顽力。)Working modes of magneto rheological fluidsMagnetorheological flu
11、ids can be operated in three distinct modes Valve mode Direct shear mode Squeeze mode Fig.4 Working modes of MR fluids The fluid is located between a pair of stationary poles.The resistance to the fluid flow is controlled by modifying the magnetic field between the poles,in a direction perpendicular
12、 to the flow(Fig.4a).Devices using this mode of operation include servo-valves,dampers,shock absorbers and actuators.(a)Valve mode阀阀 valve mode is the most widely used of the three modes.An MR device is said to operate in valve mode when the MR fluid is used to impede阻碍 the flow of MR fluid from one
13、 reservoir储存仓 to another.Figure 5.MR fluid used in valve mode The fluid is located between a pair of moving poles(translation or rotation motion).The relative displacement is parallel to the poles(Fig.4b).The apparent viscosity,and thus the“drag force”applied by the fluid to the moving surfaces can
14、be controlled by modifying the magnetic field between the poles.Devices using this mode of operation include clutches离合器,brakes,locking devices and dampers.(b)Direct shear mode剪切剪切 An MR fluid device is said to operate in shear mode when a thin layer(0.005 to 0.015 in.)of MR fluid is sandwiched betw
15、een two paramagnetic顺磁性 moving surfaces.Shear mode(see Figure 6)is useful primarily for dampers that are not required to produce large forces and for clutches and brakes.Figure 6.MR fluid used in shear mode The fluid is located between a pair of moving poles.The relative displacement is perpendicula
16、r to the direction of the fluid flow(Fig.4c).The compression force applied to the fluid is varying periodically间歇性.Displacements are small compared to the other modes(in the order of millimetres)but resistive forces are high.As for the two other modes,the magnitude of these resistive forces can be c
17、ontrolled by modifying the magnetic field between the poles.While less well understood than the other modes,the squeeze mode has been explored for use in small amplitude vibration and impact dampers.(c)Squeeze mode挤压挤压 A device that uses squeeze mode has a thin film(on the order of 0.020 in.)of MR f
18、luid that is sandwiched between paramagnetic pole surfaces as shown in Figure1.Figure 7.MR fluid used in squeeze mode There are three types of control:passive,active and semi-active.A passive controller is a system that does not require power to operate and directly damps vibration or movement.Activ
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