（）19年中考英语真题分类专题16.3阅读理解(说明文)(第01期)(原卷版).doc

1、2019 年中考真题英语分项汇编（一）【 2019 ? 重庆市中考】Cinyee Chiu, an artist from Taiwan, is always happy to try something new. Her amazing works won lots of prizes.Among them, 24 Solar Terms(节气 ) is the most popular.Ancient Chinese divided a year into 24 parts accordingto the changes of the weather. It s the 24 solar

2、terms. Bnot everyone knows them well. Cinyee Chiu put the 24 solar terns in pictures to help people understand them better.Cinyee turned each solar term into an animal. But these animals are not just animals. You can also find seasonalfruits, vegetables or beautiful flowers on them.When spring comes

3、, water gets warm and fish start to swim around. So Cinyee chose fish as a symbol ofStart ofSpring . Also, she drew spring vegetables, Chinese chives on the back of the fish.White Dew falls on about Sept. 8. It shows the beginning of the cool autumn. There are colorful leaves and coolernights at thi

4、s time of year. As the temperature falls, white dew( 露珠 ) is often seen on the grass and trees at night. For White Dew, Cinyee chose a raccoon a small animal with thick hair. She drew white spots( 小圆点 ) on the raccoon to show dew. And she used the dragon fruit to show the rich colors in autumn.The y

5、oung artist really gave the ancient Chinese culture a new look.1. The writer gave _ examples to show Cinyee 24 sSolar Terms .A. twoB. threeC. fourD. five2. From Paragraph 5, we know that _.A. a raccoon likes fishB. Start of Spring falls on about Dec. 8C. White Dew shows the end of the autumnD. Cinye

6、e used white spots to show dew3. According to the passage, Picture _ can t be from Cinyee 24Solars Terms.A.B.C.D.4. The writer mainly wants to talk about _.A. why Cinyee made herself knownB. who divided a year into 24 partsC. how Cinyee showed the 24 solar termsD. what Start of Spring and White Dew

7、mean（二）【 2019 ? 浙江省温州市】Many objects in the universe are invisible, but they send radio waves. The radio telescope thus appeared, and itis considered one of t he greatest inventions in the twentieth century. Reber built the world s first radi1937. Ryle and Hewish developed radio telescope systems for

8、 the location of weak radio sources, and they shared theNobel Prize for Physics in 1974.A radio telescope is usually made up of:One or more antennas to collect the radio waves. Most antennas are made in the shape of a dish to collect andreflect, the radio waves to the sub-reflector, in the same way

9、as a curved mirror focuses visible light to one point.A receiver and amplifier to receive the radio waves from the sub-reflector, and make these weak radio wavesstrong enough to be recorded and turned into electronic signals. To make an amplifier sensitive enough, it is usuallycooled to, very low te

10、mperatures (e. g. as low as -270 ） .A recorder to keep a record of the electronic signals. Most:radio telescopes today keep the signals to thecomputer s memory disk for astronomers to analyze later.Radio wavelengths are much longer than those of visible light, and the radio waves from deep space are

11、 always weak. To catch Radio wavelengths are much longer than those of visible light, and the radio waves from deep spaceare always weak. To catch these waves, radio telescopes usually have huge antennas. The sizes of most antennas in use today are around 50 to 300 metres in diameter. The antenna of

12、 FAST in Guizhou, China, the latest and largestradio telescope in the world, is 500 metres in diameter, as large as the size of 30 football fields.To avoid interferences, and keep the telescopes sensitive, radio telescopes are built in places where there are no human radio waves or electronic signal

13、s. For example, FAST is 5 kilometres away from the closest village and 25 kilometres away from the nearest town.Radio telescopes create pictures of the sky, not in visible light, but in radio waves. This is extremely useful,because there are objects that can t be seen, objects that we wouldn t even

14、know without radio telesco5.Radio telescopes help collect _ from the universeA. lightB. objectsC. radio wavesD. visible signals6.Most antennas of radio telescopes are made in the shape of a dish to _.A. make the antennas strong enoughB. increase the number of radio wavesC. turn radio waves into elec

15、tronic signalsD. focus radio waves on the sub-reflector7. The underlined word interferences in the passage refers to _.A. the noises made by villagers and animalsB. the sounds from the radios and televisionsC. the people who go to Guizhou to watch FAST workD. the radio waves and electronic signals f

16、rom humans8. What have we done with the help of radio telescopes?A. We have received pictures of deep space.B. We have discovered unknown lives in the universe.C. We have found some unknown objects in the universe.D. We have turned the radio waves from space into light.（三）【 2019 ? 浙江省衢州市】The world h

17、as a plastics problem. And not just with bottles. Straws( 吸管 ), toothbrushes, toysall kinds ofplastics are placed in landfills. There are 5 billion tons of plastic waste in the world. Landfills have a large part of it.By 2050, they could have 13 billion tons.Much of plastic rubbish finds its way int

18、o the ocean. Scientists say 165 million tons of plastic pieces are floatingaround out there. And most plastic won t disappear itself. It will remain in the ocean foreveresget.Whcaughtl inplastic fishing nets. Birds die because of eating plastic straws and bottle caps. It endangers ocean life. Plasti

19、c rubbisheven ends up in the food we eat.Governments are realizing that recycling may not be enough. They are taking more actions. Though it is hardwork, it is still a solvable problem. In Britain, people are not allowed to use plastic bags except in hospitals. Scotlandand several coastal cities in

20、the US stop people from using plastic straws as well. The US alone throws away some500 million plastic straws a day. That s enough to circle theSayingEarth twicenoto. a plastic straw is an easy wayto make a big difference, Dana Lofflin who startedwww.strawfree.org said. Do we really want to pass on

21、to ourchildren a world harmed by plastic? People have found some tasty ways to reduce waste. A company in India made the first-ever spoon that peoplecan eat. You don t have to eat the spoon. You can throw it away. It decomposes(分解 ) in just a few days. DavidEdwards, a scientist at Harvard University

22、, designed an eatable bag which can protect the food or drink inside. It is a delicious replacement for plastic ones.9. According to the write, birds die because they _.A. eat bottle caps and straws B. get caught in fishing nets C. feed on ocean animals D. have the spoons in India10. The underlined

23、word endangers in Paragraph 2 probably means _.11. The purpose of the passage is mainly to _.A. introduce some ways to recycle wasteB. tell readers about the problem with plasticsC. compare air pollution and plastic pollutionD. describe how the US is reducing plastic waste12. From the passage, we ca

24、n tell that the plastics problem _.A. is too big for people to solveB. can be solved by recycling aloneC. can be solved, but it won t be easyD. will have to be solved by future scientists（四）【 2019 ?四川省广安市】theArtificial intelligence(AI)( 人工智能 machine with AI can think and learn. It)is the ability of

25、a computer program or a machine. The computer or is also a field of study that tries to make computers smart. JohnMcCarthy, a scientist, came up with( 提出 )the name artificial intelligence over 60 years ago. Many things such aslearning and problem solving can be done by computers, though not in the s

26、ame way as people do.An unusual goal of AI research is to create computer programs.They can learn, solve problems, and thinklogically( 逻辑地） . At present, Al can successfully understanding human speech, recognizie ( 识别） human faces, operate self-driving cars and compete in some game systems like play

27、ing Chess. However, some people also consider( 认为） AI a danger to humans if it develops too quickly. A famous British scientist also was not for this kindof technology.Math is the basic language of AI. If students are good at math, they will be more likely to become successful AI designers(设计者） in t

28、he future. We need not only bright students, but also average(普通的） students. As for( 对于） average students, if they get enough math skills, they can also become successful AI designers. Besides, a goodknowledge of computer science is also necessary for AI designing.Scientists hope to create creative(

29、 有创造力） and emotional ( 有感情的） AI. The AI can possibly understandhuman feelings or create art. Many ways and tools have been tried to discover this wide and exciting field.13. From Paragraph 1, we know that _.A. all problems can be solved by computersB. machines with AI can think and learnC. AI has be

30、en around for only 60 yearsD. AI works in the same way as people14.According to the passage, what can t AI do at present?A. Understand human speech.B. Operate self-driving cars.C. Compete in some game systems.D. Understand human feelings.15.The underlined word it in Paragraph 2 refers to(指的是） _.A. c

31、hessB. a scientistC. the dangerD. AI16.According to the passage, if students want to become successful AI designers, they should learn _well.A. math and artB. art and technologyC. math and computer scienceD. art and computer science17.Paragraph 4 mainly tells us the scientist _ about AI.A. wishesB.

32、worriesC. feelingsD. discoveries（五）【 2019 ? 安徽省中考】The world uses about a thousand million(百万 ) tons of water a day. Water is a human right and everyoneshould have their share. Yet more than 700 million people around the world have trouble getting clean, safe water.Treating wastewater is a good way t

33、o provide fresh water for us. And it also helps the environment by keepingwaste out of rivers and oceans. 80% of wastewater around the world is not treated at all, and it is running into oceans.But now we have got the technology to treat and reuse the wastewater.While 75% of our planet is covered wi

34、th water, only about 2% is fresh water that comes from rivers, lakes, iceand snow. The rest, 98% of the water, is in seas and oceans. It is too salty to drink. Then desalination businesses comein. More than 19,000 factories have been built around the world, mostly in coastal countries. They process

35、(加工 )more than 92 million tons of water every day. But the technology they use requires a lot of energy.Scientists are working to create a less costly technology. They want to produce 20 times more clean water andmake sure everyone has enough. But for now, the world stillfaces each day with not havi

36、ng enough water foreveryone.18.How many people have trouble in getting clean water around the world?A. Under 10 million.B. Only 19 million.C. About 92 million.D. Over 700 million.19.Treating wastewater helps the environment by _.A. storing waste in ice and snowB. letting waste run into oceansC. keep

37、ing waste out of rivers and oceansD. sending waste to coastal countries20.What does the underlined word desalination in Paragraph 3 mean?A. 远洋运输B. 潮汐发电C. 食盐销售D. 海水淡化21.At present, the technology to process water _.A. needs much energyB. saves much moneyC. satisfies everyoneD. causes pollution22.What

38、 can we infer from the last paragraph?A. Water should be a human right.B. The water problem is still serious.C. Our planet is covered with water.D. Everyone has enough clean water.（六）【 2019 ? 山东省青岛市】Wind power is a very clean source of energy. This is how wind power works. Wind makes windmills spin

39、( 旋转 ).When the windmills spin, they make electricity. Then we can use the electricity. A lot of people think that wind poweris new, but that s not true. For thousands of years, people have used wind to sail boats and move water. We still dothose things today, but these days we mostly use wind power

40、 to make electricity.Wind power is a very popular source of energy. Most people think that we should use it more and more. First ofall, it s clean. Windmills don t pollute the environment at all. Second, we can use windreverpower.Afterfoall, wewill always have wind. Also, wind power is cheap, and it

41、 s getting even cheaper.A lot of people don t understand wind power very well. They believe that there are problems with wind power,but many of those problems are not real. For example, some people say that windmills are dangerous for birds. Theyused to be true, but it isn t true anymore. Old windmi

42、lls killed birds because they spun very fast. New windmills spinslowly, and they aren t dangerous for birds.However, there are real problems with windmills. One problem is that many people think windmills are veryugly. This is a problem for people, because windmills are often in very pretty areas. A

43、lso, wind doesntime, so we can t use wind power all the time. Finally, windmills are noisy.Wind power is becoming more and more common. Right now, more than 80 countries use wind power. About2.5 percent of the world s power comes from the wind. For some countries, that number is a lot higher. Wind p

44、owergives Denmark more than 25 percent of its electricity.23. Why DON T new windmills kill birds? Because _ _.A. birds don t fly near themC. they are shorter than old windmills24. When did people start using wind power?A. About 25 years ago.C. About 500 years ago.B. they spin slowlyD. new windmills don t spinB. About 80 years ago.D. Over 1,000 years ago.25. _ , so we CAN T use wind power all the time.A. Windmills break all the timeB. We can t use windmills at nightC. Windmills are too expensive to use all the timeD. Wind doesn t blow