痢疾英文课件—内科学.ppt

1、Bacillary Dysentery(shigellosis)DefinitionAcute infectious disease of intestine caused by dysentery bacilli(genus shigella)Place of lesion:sigmoid&rectum Pathological feature:diffuse fibrious exudative inflammationDefinition Clinical manifestation:fever,abdominal pain,diarrhea,tenesmus,stool mixed w

2、ith mucus blood,&pus.even companied with shock,toxic-encepholopthy.Etiology Causative organism:dysentery bacilli,genus shigella,gram-stained negative,non-motile short rod,Groups:4 serogroups&47 serotypesEtiologyS.dysenteriae:the most severeS.flexneri:the epidemic group and easily turn to chronicS.bo

3、ydii:tropical and subonS.sonnei:the most mildEtiologyPathogenicity:-virulence endotoxin-exotoxin -invasiveness (attach-penetrate-multiply)Resistance:Strong,1-2week in fruits,vegetable and dirty soil,heat for 60 30 min EpidemiologySource of infection:patients and carriersRoute of transmission:fecal-o

4、ral routeSuceptibility of population:immunity after infection is short and unsteady,no cross-immuneEpidemiology Epidemic features:season:summer&fallFlexneri,Soneii,dysenteryage:younger children Pathogenesis number of bacteria toxicity invasivenessattachmentpenetrationmultiplication immunity commonBa

5、cteriaintestinenormal intestinal florasIg A prevent attachingpenetrate mucusmultiply in epithelia cell&proper laminaendotoxinendogenous pyrogenfeverinflammationvessel contractionsuperficial mucosal necrosis and ulcerdiarrhea mixed with blood&pus,abdominal painPathogenesis-toxicstrong-allergy to endo

6、toxindemethyl-adrenaline DICmicro-circulatory failure shock,cerebral edema cerebral herniaPathology site of lesion:entire large bowel-sigmoid colon&rectum feature:acute:diffuse fibrinous exudative inflammation,Pathology hyperemia,edema,leukocyte infiltration,superficial necrosis,ulcer.chronic:edema,

7、polypoid hyperplasia,toxic:colon:hyperemia,edema,micro-capillary was invadedClinical manifestationIncubation period:1-2 day,(hours to 7 days)Acute dysenterycommon type mild typetoxic typeClinical manifestationcommon type:(typical type)acute onset,shiver,high feverabdominal pain(tenderness)diarrhea:s

8、tool mixed with mucus,blood&pustenesmus,1 week Clinical manifestationmild type:(atypical type)caused by S.sonneilow fever or no feverabdominal pain is mildstool mixed with mucus,without blood&pusdiagnosis by isolation of bacteria37dClinical manifestationtoxic type:age:2 to 7 yrs.abrupt onset,high fe

9、ver,T 40oCdysphoria,lethargy,convulsion repeatedly,coma.circulatory&respiratory collapsediarrhea mild or absent at beginning Clinical manifestation shock form:septic shock brain form:dysphoria,lethargy,convulsion repeatedly,coma,brain hernia.respiratory failure mixed formClinical manifestation chron

10、ic dysentery:2 monthschronic delayed type:chronic obscure typeacute attack typeClinical manifestationchronic delayed type:long-time and repeated abdominal pain,diarrhea,stool mixed with mucus,blood&pus.with fatigue,anemia,malnutrition.Clinical manifestationchronic obscure type:acute history in 1 yea

11、r,no symptoms,stool culture positive or sigmoidscopyacute attack type:same as common acute dysenteryLaboratory Findings Blood picture:WBC count increase,(1020109/L)neutrophils increase Stool examination:gross examination:stool mixed with mucus,blood&pus.Laboratory Findingsdirect microscopic examinat

12、ion:WBC,RBC,pus cellsbacteria culture:PCR:DNASigmoidoscopy:chronic patients shallow ulcer scar polypDifferential diagnosis acute dysenteryamebic dysentery Entamoeba histolytica stool:reddish brown,like jam flask-shaped ulcer,amebic trophozoiteDifferential diagnosisenteritis caused by E.Coli,salmonel

13、la,virus.intussusception:jam-like stools,abdominal mass absence of feverDifferential diagnosis chronic dysenteryrectal&colonic carcinoma:no cure for long-term,drop of weight of body non-specific ulcer colitis:no cure for long-term,culture of stool is negative,Differential diagnosis sigmoidoscopy:hem

14、orrhage,ulcer,lead pipe.chronic schistosomiasis Japonica contact with the contaminated water hepatomegaly and splenomegaly founding the ovum of schistosomiasis Japonica Differential diagnosis toxic dysentery encephalitis B:highfever,convulsion,coma.24h circulatory failure stool examination CSF menin

15、geal irritation Specific IgM TreatmentCommon dysenteryToxic dysentery general treatmentpathogenic treatment:ofloxine Ampicillin given by IVTreatmentsymptomatic treatment:control of high fever,convulsion:subhibernation treatment of shock:same as ECM treatment of cerebral edema:20%mannitolTreatment ch

16、ronic dysenterygeneral therapy:live diet,nurishing avoid overwork exercise.etiologic therapy:sensitive antibiotics used in turn or combined use according to results of culture enema expectant treatment.TreatmentPrevention Control the source of infection:until culture negative Interrupting the route of transmission:Protecting the susceptible population:F2a-secretary IgA protect 80%-6-12mon