《英语演讲》教案课程.docx

1、IntroductionWhat is public speaking? Public speaking, as its name implies, is a way of making your ideas public of sharing them with other people and of influencing other people. A Brief Introduction to public speakingI. How to Prepare a Speech Stating Your Objectives： informtrainpersuadesell Analyz

2、ing Your Audience What to learn about the audience? Their opinions and levels of prior knowledge of your subject ; their likely bias, both personal and professional how do you learn it? Ask the person who has invited you to speak. Find out what the occasion is and if there is a program theme. Choosi

3、ng a Speech Topic and the Speech Theme Six Criteria 1. The topic should be interesting to you. 2. It should be interesting to your audience or at least be capable of being made interesting to them. 3. It should be appropriate to the situation. 4. It should be appropriate to the time available. 5. It

4、 should be manageable. 6. It should be worthwhile. Dont waste your audiences time. Gathering and Selecting Appropriate Materials convincing materials seven major types of materials: descriptions and explanations, statistics, examples, testimony, comparison and contrast, repetition and restatement, a

5、nd visuals. guidelines Outlining Your Speech guidelines:1. Write and label your specific purpose at the top of your outline.2. Indicate main ideas, points, sub-points, and supporting materials properly. 3. Use at least two subdivisions, if any, for each point. Using subdivisions helps you give atten

6、tion to all the points you want to say.4. Label the introduction, main body and conclusion. II. How to Write a Great Speech Organizing the Body of the SpeechA. The IntroductionA. It should introduce the topic. providing background information, definitions explanations, etc. B. Generally it should co

7、ntain the thesis statement.C. It should be interesting enough to make the listener want to continue listening. Anecdotes, shocking statistics, quotes, and rhetorical questions D. It should indicate how your topic will be developed.E. tell your listeners WHY they should listen to you; such as how the

8、y will benefit. F. include the method of organization that you will follow. This helps the listener prepare for what you are going to say and help them organize the information. An effective introduction Creates a favorable first impression with the audience Boosts a speakers self-confidenceGaining

9、attention relate the topic to the audience State the importance of the topic Startle the audience Arouse the curiosity of the audience Question the audience Begin with quotation Tell a story Using visual aids Reveal the topic Clearly states the speech topic Establish the credibility and goodwill of

10、the speakerPreview the body Tells audience what to listen for in the rest Provide a smooth lead-in Present special informationB. Main Bodya. Each main point discusses one aspect of the thesis. b. The main points should be linked with clear transitions so as to give the body coherence and unity. C. C

11、onclusionA conclusion can restate the thesis. A conclusion can restate the main points. A conclusion can call for some sort of action (particularly in a persuasive piece)A conclusion can highlight areas for further research. A conclusion can suggest results or consequences. A conclusion can remind t

12、he audience of the importance of the information presented. The speaker can thank the audience for their attention. A conclusion should NEVER bring up a new topic. A speaker should NEVER apologize for their information. The last thing you want to happen is for the audience to question your credibili

13、ty.2 functions of conclusion Signal the end of the speech Reinforce the audiences understanding of the speech Using Speech LanguageA. Using Language AccuratelyB. Use Language ClearlyC. Use language Vividly III. How to Deliver a Great Speech Physical Delivery1. postureA public speaker should look com

14、fortable, confident and prepared to speak. In posture, the two extremes to avoid are rigidity and sloppiness. 2. facial expressionsYour facial expression must match what you are saying. 3. movementa. Never turn your back on the audience while you are speaking.b. If you move about on the stage, make

15、your movements purposeful.c. Be aware of all potential obstacles on the stage. 4. gestures5. Eye contactLet your gaze move over each member of the audiencedont choose one person and look fixedly at him or her. avoid the temptation to look over the heads of your audience or to hold your notes in fron

16、t of your face. 6. AppearanceThe way you dress and present yourself Dress appropriately to the audience Vocal DeliveryVocal delivery refers to the use of your voice to convey your message. 1. rateRate is the speed not too slowly or too quickly. Varying your rate can be critical. 2. pausetemporary st

17、opspause before and after a major point. You can use pauses to illustrate that you are changing from one point to another. You can use pauses for emphasis3. volumeVolume refers to how loud one speaksSpeak too soft Speak too loud changing the volume at certain points emphasize important ideas. Raisin

18、g your voice lowering your voice 4. pitchPitch refers to the high or low quality of your voice. Volume is measured in terms of loudness.The pitch of your voice in public speaking refers to the “excitement” or “enthusiasm” level in your voice. pitch can be raised and lowered for emphasis. vary your p

19、itch. 5. Pronunciation6. articulation : not slur, speak clearlyIV. How to Analyze and Evaluate Speech three “M”s: matter, manner and method.Speaking to PersuadeI. Persuasion: a Psychological process A. Persuasion is the most complex and the most challenging. (controversial topics, involving values a

20、nd beliefs; listeners own ideas) B. Listeners: mental give-and-take (listeners: assessment on speakers) II. The Target Audience The part of the whole audience a speaker most wants to reach with his message. Agree and disagree audience Adapt the speech to the values and concerns of the TA Do not excl

21、ude other listeners III. Monroes Motivated Sequence Monroes motivated sequence is a technique for organizing persuasive speeches that inspire people to take action. Alan H. Monroe (Purdue University) 1930s what creates makes a motivational speech actually motivating. a 5-step method for organizing m

22、otivational speeches. 1.AttentionGet the attention of your audience using a detailed story, shocking example, dramatic statistic, quotations, etc. E.g. Hey! Listen to me, I have a PROBLEM!2.NeedShow that the problem about which you are speaking exists, that it is significant, and that it wont go awa

23、y by itself. Use statistics, examples, etc. Convince your audience that there is a need for action to be taken. E.g. Let me EXPLAIN the problem. 3.Satisfy.You present your plan and show how it will work. Be sure to offer enough details about the plan. E.g. But, I have a SOLUTION!4.VisualizationTell

24、the audience what will happen if the solution is implemented or does not take place. Be visual and detailed. E.g. If we IMPLEMENT my solution, this is what will happen.5.Action.Tell the audience what action they can take personally to solve the problem. Say exactly what you want the audience to do a

25、nd how to do it. E.g. You can help me in this specific way. Are YOU willing to help me?Advantage of MMS It emphasizes what the audience can do. Monroes motivated sequence emphasizes the action the audience can take. Sample Speech：The Ultimate GiftIV. Persuasive Speeches on Questions of Fact A. seek

26、to persuade audience to accept the speakers view of the facts on a particular issue. E.g. Will the economy be better or worse next year? B. different from an informative speechIS: give information as impartially as possible argue for a point of viewPS: persuade the audience to accept the speakers vi

27、ew about the information e.g. In a trial lawyer jury guilt / innocent defendant V. Persuasive Speeches on Questions of Value A. Judgments based on a persons beliefs about whats right or wrong B. 2 steps: 1. define the standards for value judgments 2. judge the subject of the speech against the stand

28、ards. VI. Persuasive Speeches on Questions of Policy A. deal with specific courses of action: involve questions of fact and value; go beyond that B. 2 types: 1. gain passive agreement that a policy is desirable, necessary & practical 2. motivate the audience to take immediate action C. 3 basic issue

29、s need, plan & practicality 1. need: (no) need for a change 2. a specific plan: solve the need 3. practicality: Plan: workable, solve the need without creating new problems VII. Methods of Persuasion A. Building credibility 1. Credibility affected by: competence & character competence: speakers inte

30、lligence, expertise & knowledge of the subjectcharacter: speakers sincerity, trustworthiness 2. 3 types of credibility: initial credibility; derived credibility; terminal 3. 3 strategies to credibility: a. explaining their competenceb. establishing common ground with the audiencec. delivering speech

31、es fluently, expressively and with conviction B. Using Evidence 1. examples, statistics, testimony 2. 4 tips to use evidence effectively: use specific evidence; novel ; use from credible sources; make clear the point of the C. Reasoning Reasoning: the process of drawing a conclusion based on evidenc

32、e use reasoning from specific instances use reasoning from principle use analogical reasoning, casual reasoning D. Emotions Appeals 1. Emotions Appeals (motivational appeals): make listeners feel sad, happy, angry, fearful, etc. 2. 3 ways: with emotionally charged language; with vivid examples; speak with sincerity and conviction