「最新」高考英语语法专题复习及参考答案-可编辑修改.doc
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1、高考英语语法专题复习(附参考答案)一、冠词The Article知识要点:冠词是一种虚词,放在名词的前面,帮助说明名词的含义。冠词分不定冠词(The Indefinite Article)和定冠词(The definite Article)两种。a (an) 是不定冠词,a用在辅音之前:如a book, a man; an用在元音之前,如:an old man, an hour, an interesting book等。the是定冠词。一、不定冠词的用法1、指人或事物的某一种类(泛指)。这是不定冠词a (an)的基本用法。如:She is a girl. I am a teacher. Pl
2、ease pass me an apple.2、指某人或某物,但不具体说明何人或何物。如:He borrowed a story-book from the library.A Wang is looking for you. 一位姓王的同志正在找你。3、表示数量,有“一”的意思,但数的概念没有one强烈。如:I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes.4、用于某些固定词组中。如:a bit, a few, a little, a lot of, a piece of, a cup of, a glass of, a pile of, a pair of, have
3、 a good time, for a while, for a long time等。5、用在抽象名词前,表具体的介绍a + 抽象名词,起具体化的作用。如:This little girl is a joy to her parents. 这女孩对她父母来说是一个乐趣。It is a pleasure to talk with you. 跟您交谈真是一件愉快的事情。It is an honour to me to attend the meeting. 参加这个会,对我来说是一种荣誉。二、定冠词的用法:1、特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。这是定冠词the的基本用法。如:Beijing is t
4、he capital of China.The pen on the desk is mine.2、指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。如:Where is the teacher?Open the window, please.3、指上文提过的人或事物(第二次出现)。如:There was a chair by the window. On the chair sat a young woman with a baby in her arms.The baby was thin.4、用在世界上独一无二的事物前。如:the earth, the moon, the sun.5、用在序数词和形容词最高级
5、前。(副词最高级前的定冠词可省略)如:He is always the first to come to school.Bob is the tallest in his class.6、用在某些专有名词前(由普通名词构成的专用名词)。如:the Great Wall, the Summer Palace, the Science Museum, the Childrens Palace, the Party等。7、用在一些习惯用语中。如:on the day, in the morning (afternoon, evening), the day after tomorrow, the d
6、ay before yesterday, the next year, by the way等。8、用在江河湖海、山脉前。如:the Yellow River, the Pacific Ocean, the Alps, the Himalayas9、用在报刊、杂志前。如:the Peoples Daily, the Evening Paper, the Times 泰晤士报。10、表示某一家人要加定冠词。如:The Browns are at home to receive visitors today. 布朗一家今天要接待客人。11、用在形容词前,表某一类人。如:the poor, the
7、wounded, the living, the dead, the rich, the sick等。12、定冠词可以表示一事物内部的某处。如:The driver always sits in the front of the bus(car).三、零冠词(即不用冠词):1、专用名词和不可数名词前。如:China, America, Grade One, Class Two, milk, oil, water, paper, science等。2、名词前已有作定语用的this, that, my, your, some, any等代词。如:Go down this street.3、复数名词
8、表示一类人或事物时。如:We are students.I like reading stories.4、节日、日期、月份、季节前。如:Teachers Day, Childrens Day, National Day, in summer, in July等。Today is New Years Day.It is Sunday.March 8 is Womens Day.5、在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前,尤其作表语、宾补时。如:Whats the matter, Granny?We elected him monitor.6、在某些习惯用语中的名词前。如:at noon, at night,
9、 at first, at last, at most, at least, by bus(train, air, sea), in bed, in time, in front of, go to school, go to bed, go to college, on foot, at table, in ink, in pencil等。7、在三餐饭和球类运动前。如:She goes to school after breakfast every morning.We are going to play football.We usually have lunch at school.8、
10、科目前不加。如:We learn Chinese, maths, English and some other subjects. 【专项训练】:1、 We cant live withoutair.AanBCtheDsome2、Have you seenpen? I left it here this morning.Is itblack one? I think I saw it somewhere.Aa; theBthe; theCthe; aDa; a3、Ive been waiting for him forhour andhalf.A; Bthe; aCa; theDan; a4、
11、Whatfine weather we have today!AaBCsomeDan5、Have you ever seenas tall as this one?Aa treeBsuch treeCan treeDtree6、Children usually go toschool atage of six.A; theBa; anCthe; Dthe; the7、Himalayas ishighest mountain inworld.A; the;BThe; the; theCA; a; aD;8、They each have_book. Li Huas is aboutwriter.
12、Wang Lins is on science.Aa; a; Bthe; ; theC; the; Da; the; a9、Physics isscience of matter and energy.AThe; B; C; theDA; a10、sun rises ineast and sets inwest.AA; an; aBThe;CThe; the; theDA; the; a11、Many people agree that_knowledge of English is a must ininternational trade today.Aa;Bthe; anCthe; the
13、D; the12、_Mr Jones called while you were out (neither of us knows this man). He was in bad temper.A;aBA;CThe; theDA; a13、They were atdinner then. It wasdelicous one.Aa; theB;C;aDa; a14、what kind of car do you want to buy?ABtheCaDan15、Alice is fond of playingpiano while Henry is interested in listeni
14、ng tomusic.A; theB;Cthe; Dthe; the16、Beyondstars, the astronaut saw nothing butspace.Athe; B; theC;Dthe; the17、Alexander Graham Bell inventedtelephone in 1876.ABaCtheDone18、Wheres Jack?I think hes still inbed, but he might just be inbathroom.A;Bthe; theCthe; D; the19、Many people are still inhabit of
15、 writing silly things inpublic places.Athe; theB;Cthe; D; the20、Id likeinformation about the management of your hotel, please.Well, you could haveword with the manager. He might be helpful.Asome; aBan; someCsome; someDan; a【答案】:1、B air是不可数名词。2、D 此题为97年高考题。根据句意,第一空是泛指,第一次出现;第二空仍是泛指,且表数量“”。3、D 元音前用an。
16、4、B weather是不可数名词。5、A 此题为85年高考题。泛指。6、A go to school是固定短语。7、B 山脉、形容词最高级及世界上的唯一的名词前加定冠词。8、A 第一、二空泛指,第三空,science是不可数名词。9、C 第一空,科目前不加冠词;第二空特指,有定语。10、C11、A 第一空,a + 不可数名词表具体的介绍;第二空,trade不可数。12、D 第一空是指有一位琼斯先生在您不在的时候来访。(括号里说明,我们俩都不认识这个人,因此不是特指。)第二空是固定短语,情绪不好。13、C 第一空at dinner正在吃饭,固定短语。14、A 泛指15、C 此题是89年高考题:
17、乐器前加定冠词;music是不可数名词。16、A 此题是90年高考题:stars前应加定冠词;space不可数。17、C 此题是91年高考题:发明应是特指。18、D 此题是92年高考题。in bed是固定短语,不加冠词。19、C 此题是93年高考题。第一空后有定语,固是特指。第二空, public places,公共场所,泛指。20、A 此题是95年高考题。information是不可数名词;have a word with sb.是固定短语。二、名词Nouns知识要点:一、名词的种类:1、专有名词:1)China, Japan, Beijing, London, Tom, Jack(不加冠词
18、)2)the Great Wall, the Yellow River, the Peoples Republic of China, the United States等。(由普通名词构成的专有名词,要加定冠词。)2、普通名词:1)不可数名词注意:不可数名词前一般不加冠词,尤不加不定冠词:若加a(an)则使之具体化了。如:have a wonderful time. 不可数名词作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 不可数名词一般无复数形式。部分物质名词在表不同类别时,可用复数形式。如:fishes, newspapers, waters, snows| | | 各种各样的鱼 各种报纸 河湖、
19、海水 积雪 有些抽象名词也常用复数,变为可数的具体的事物。如:times时代,works著作,difficulties困难 在表数量时,常用“of”词组来表示。如:a glass of milk, a cup of tea, two pieces of paper.2)可数名词:可数名词除用复数形式表一类之外,一般都要加冠词:A birdcaufly. The frog is a kind of hibernating animal. Vegetables sold at this shop are usually fresh.有复数形式:a)规则变化加“s”或“es”(与初中同,略)b)不规
20、则变化child (children), foot (feet), tooth (teeth), man (men), woman (women), mouse (mice), goose (geese), Englishman (Englishmen),phenomenon(phenomena)注意:c)单、复数同形:sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese, fish(同一种鱼)。如, a sheep, two sheep d)只用复数形式:thanks, trousers, goods, clothes, socks, shoes, e)形复实单:physics, p
21、olitics, maths, news, plastics(塑料),means. f)形单实复:people (人民,人们),the police, cattle等 g)集合名词如:family, public, group, class等。当作为整体时,为单数;当作 为整体中的各个成员时,为复数。如: My family is a big one. My family are music lovers. h)复合名词变复数时,a)只把复合名词中的主体各词变为复数形式。如: sister(s)-in-law嫂子,弟妹;step-son (s)继子;editor (s) -in-chief总编
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