2018广东广州中考英语解析.pdf

1、 2017 年广州市初中毕业生学业考试年广州市初中毕业生学业考试 英语英语 本试卷共四大题，12 页，满分 110 分。考试时间 120 分钟。 注意事项：注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必在答题卡上用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔填写自己的考生号、姓名、 考点考场号、座 位号，再用 2B 铅笔把对应这两个号码的标号涂黑。 2. 选择题每小题选出答案后，用 2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需要改动，用橡皮擦干 净后，再选涂其他答案。不能答在试卷上。 3. 非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域的相应位置上；如 需要改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的

2、答案，改动的答案也不能超出指定的区域；不准使用铅 笔、圆珠笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。 4. 考生必须保持答题卡的整洁，考试结束，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 一、语法选择一、语法选择 （共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分） (2018广东广州)阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从 115 各题所给的 A、 B、C 和 D 项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Xian Xinghai was a very famous musician in China. He wrote one of the greatest pieces of music

3、 of the 20th century. In his short life he wrote 1 300 songs and an opera. Xian was born in Panyu, Guangzhou, China in 1905. Because his father died before he was born, Xian moved from place to place with 2 mother. He began learning to play 3 violin when he was 20 years old. In the beginning, his vi

4、olin was 4 cheap and badly made that he 5 not play it well. His friends laughed at him. Xian did not stop 6 and soon showed his talent. In 1934, he was one of the first Chinese students 7 studied in a special music school in Paris. Before he 8 , Xian became the schools best student 9 won several pri

5、zes for his talents. In 1935, he returned to China and helped fight against the Japanese army. Later, he came to Yanan 10 music at a collage. 11 there were no pianos in Yanan at that time, Xian still wrote 12 of his most important music there, including The Yellow River, his most famous work. In May

6、 1940, Xian 13 to the Soviet Union by the Chinese Communist Party to write music for movies. In the Soviet Union, life was very 14 . Xian got sick and later died of a lung illness 15 October 30, 1945, aged only 40. Xians music, however, lives on in the peoples hearts. 1. A. near B. nearly C. nearby

7、D. nearer 2. A. he B. him C. his D. hes 3. A. a B. an C. the D. this 4. A. so B. such C. very D. much 5. A. need B. may C. should D. could 6. A. practise B. practising C. to practise D. practised 7. A. what B. which C. whom D. who 8. A. leave B. leaves C. left D. was leaving 9. A. and B. but C. as D

8、. or 10. A. teach B. taught C. teaching D. to teach 11. A. If B. Although C. When D. Because 12. A. any B. little C. few D. some 13. A. sent B. was sent C. has sent D. was sending 14. A. hard B. harder C. hardest D. the hardest 15. A. at B. in C. on D. by 题材 记叙文 话题 著名人物 词数 247 【主旨大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了中

9、国著名音乐家冼星海艰苦、短暂而又光辉的一生， 黄河大合唱是其 代表作之一。 1. B 考查副词的用法。句意：在他短暂的一生中，他谱写了几乎 300 多首歌曲和一部歌剧。故选 B。 2. C 考查代词的用法。句意：冼星海与他的妈妈四处奔波。名词 mother 前面应用形容词性物主代词作定 语。故选 C。 3. C 考查冠词的用法。“play + the +乐器”是固定搭配。故选 C。 4. A 考查副词短语搭配。sothat结构中 so 修饰形容词或副词，而 such that结构中 such 修饰名词。 本空后 cheap 为形容词，应用 so 修饰。故选 A。 5. D 考查情态动词。句意：

10、开始时，他的小提琴那么便宜而且质量低劣，以至于他不能将其弹好。这里 说的是过去的事情，强调能力，应用 could。故选 D。 6. B 考查非谓语动词。句意：冼星海没有停止训练，不久就显露出了他的才华。stop doing sth.意为“停止 做某事”，stop to do sth.意为“停下来做某事”。故选 B。 7. D 考查定语从句之关系代词。先行词 one of the first Chinese students 指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系 代词 who/that 引导定语从句。故选 D。 8. C 考查动词时态。这里指过去发生过的动作，应用一般过去时态。故选 C。 9. A 考

11、查连词词义辨析。句意：在离开之前，冼星海成了学校最好的学生并因其才华赢得了好几个奖项。 前后动作是顺承关系，应用 and 连接。故选 A。 10. D 考查非谓语动词。句意：后来，他来到延安，在一所大学教音乐。根据句意，这里用动词不定式作 目的状语。故选 D。 11. B 考查从属连词词义辨析。句意：尽管当时在延安没有钢琴，但冼星海在那儿仍然创作了他最重要的 一些音乐。前半句是否定句，后半句是肯定句，前后句之间是转折关系，故选 B。 12. D 考查不定代词词义辨析。any 一些，用于疑问句或否定句中，little 几乎没有，修饰不可数名词，few 几乎没有，修饰可数名词复数；some 一些，

12、用于肯定句。句意：尽管当时在延安没有钢琴，但冼星海 仍然创作了一些包括最著名的作品黄河大合唱在内的最重要的音乐。根据句意和语境可知选 D。 13. B 考查动词语态。句意：在 1940 年，冼星海被中国共产党派往苏联为电影创作乐曲。由句意可知， 句子的主语 Xian 是 send 的承受者，应用被动语态。故选 B。 14. A 考查形容词比较等级。very 修饰形容词或副词的原级。故选 A。 15. C 考查介词。at 连接时刻；in 连接年月等；on 连接日，by 意为“到某时间为止”。October 30, 1945 指 的是具体“日期”，应用 on。故选 C。 二、完形填空完形填空（共

13、10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分） (2018广东广州)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从 1625 各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 项中选出最佳 选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Before graduating college, Jackie began to look for a job. She aimed at a famous company, but the 16 for such jobs was very strong. The company Jackie chose planned to employ only one person, but more tha

14、n twenty people applied for the job. 17 , Jackie was one of the three people invited for the final interview. The interview was very 18 . The interviewer asked just a few questions and it was all over in less than 10 minutes. Then the interviewer said to them, “All of you are very good. Please go ho

15、me and 19 our response.” Three days later, Jackie received a message saying she would not be 20 the job. She felt deeply disappointed. That evening, however, she received another 21 . This time it said that she got the job. Jackie later found out that the first message sent to her phone was part of

16、the interviewa 22 to see if she was suitable for the job. All the three people received the 23 text, but only Jackies reply 24 the company. Of the three, one did not reply. The other said “goodbye” and Jackie said “thank you”. This reply showed that Jackie was a/an 25 person, so the company offered

17、her the job. 16. A. exam B. work C. competition D. plan 17. A. Thankfully B. Unluckily C. Hopefully D. Immediately 18. A. long B. strict C. interesting D. simple 19. A. pick up B. wait for C. deal with D. think of 20. A. offered B. returned C. refused D. shown 21. A. letter B. e-mail C. call D. mess

18、age 22. A. guide B. conversation C. test D. lesson 23. A. same B. other C. second D. whole 24. A. reached B. satisfied C. helped D. surprised 25. A. brave B. clever C. polite D. honest 题材 记叙文 话题 人际交往 词数 211 【主旨大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。尽管就业竞争非常激烈，但大学生 Jackie 却准备去一家仅招收一个名额但却有 20 多 人参与竞争的公司去碰运气。 公司最终从中确定了包括 Jackie

19、 在内的三个候选人。 在等待的三天中， Jackie 却收到没有被录取的通知。失望中，Jackie 给该公司回复了“谢谢”，没想到她竟然被录用了。可见，礼貌 待人也是取胜的重要法宝。 16. C 考查名词词义辨析。从下文“20 多个竞争者中选一个”的描述可知，找工作的竞争是激烈的。故选 C。 17. A 考查副词词义辨析。 由上下文语境可知， 20 多个竞争者， 最终只确定三个候选人。 这只能说是 Jackie 很幸运或谢天谢地。故选 A。 18. D 考查形容词词义辨析。从下句 The interviewer asked just a few questions and it was all

20、 over in less than 10 minutes.知，面试官仅仅问几个问题，而且要求在 10 分钟内回答。可见面试还是很简单的。故选 D。 19. B 考查动词短语辨析。根据常识，面试过后，面试官肯定会让应聘者回家等待答复。故选 B。 20. A 考查动词词义辨析。offered 提供；returned 返回；refused 拒绝；shown 显示。由后句 She felt deeply disappointed.可推知，三天后，Jackie 收到了一条信息，说不会为她提供工作。故选 A。 21. D 考查名词词义辨析。由后句 This time it said that she g

21、ot the job.可知，那天晚上她又收到另外一条信 息。故选 D。 22. C 考查名词词义辨析。句意：后来，Jackie 发现那第一条发送到电话的信息也是面试的一部分 一个测试，目的是看看她是否胜任这份工作。根据句意可知选 C。 23. A 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实上，三个人都收到了同样（没被录用）的信息。根据句意可知选 A。 24. B 考查动词词义辨析。从下文 Jackie 被该公司录用的描述可知，只有 Jackie 的回答让公司满意。故选 B。 25. C 考查形容词词义辨析。从上句可知，Jackie 在收到没有被录用的信息之后没有抱怨，而是说了声“谢 谢”。由此说明，Jac

22、kie 是一个有礼貌的人。因此这家公司录用了她。故选 C。 三、阅读三、阅读 （共两节；满分 45 分） 第一节第一节 阅读理解阅读理解（共 20 小题，每小题 2 分，满分 40 分） (2018广东广州)阅读下列短文，从 2645 各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡 上将该项涂黑。 (2018广东广州)（A） For his eleventh birthday, Lin was given a gift that would shape his life. On that day, his father took him to the Childrens Acti

23、vity Centre and said he could choose any course that interested him. There was just one requirement: Lin would have to promise to study it for at least one year. To that point Lin had had many hobbies, but none kept his interest for more than a week or two. His mum once gave him a bag of stamps to e

24、ncourage stamp collecting. That hobby lasted a week. Then his father got him some paints hoping that Lins artistic side would shine through. Those paints were now under his bed, still unopened. This time Lins parents would let him decide. Lins eyes moved down the noticeboard that listed all the cour

25、ses on offer. His stopped at “Photography”. He like the idea of taking beautiful pictures but the notice said that each student needed their own camera. Although Lins family werent poor, they werent rich either, and a camera cost a lot of money. He continued looking. The next course to catch his eye

26、 was “Language Art”. He didnt even know what that meant. His father explained that it taught people how to make public speeches. Lin, a shy boy, could think of nothing worse. Then he saw it. “Cooking” sounded like something hed like to do. It was inexpensive and convenient, it could be done alone an

27、d it was also creative. Based on Lins hobby history, his dad had doubts, but he agreed. Much to his parents surprise, Lin kept his promise. He studied cooking at the Centre every Saturday, and practised at home, making delicious meals for his family. Everyone looked forward to birthdays, when they c

28、ould eat his cake. Lin got great satisfaction from the pleasure his food brought to others. The months turned to years but his hobby never changed again. Now Lin is an adult and runs a successful restaurant. When customers say they enjoy his meal, he still gets the same pleasure he did as a child, a

29、nd remembers the special gift he received all those years ago. 26. Why didnt Lin choose to study photography? A. It was too expensive. B. He had no interest in it. C. He was not very creative. D. It was not offered that term. 27. The underlined expression “catch his eye” in Paragraph 4 means “_”. A.

30、 make him excited B. cause him surprise C. get his attention D. help him see clearly 28. Which of the following best describes Lins interest in cooking? A. It only lasted for short time. B. It seemed to match his character. C. It was forced on him by his parents. D. It developed slowly over many mon

31、ths. 29. Why did the father have doubts about Lins choice of cooking? A. Lin wasnt good at cooking. B. Cooking wasnt very convenient. C. He didnt think Lin would continue. D. Cooking wasnt a good hobby for a boy. 30. Whats the best title for the passage? A. A Strict Father B. A Changeable Boy C. The

32、 Fun of Cooking D. The Birthday Gift 题材 记叙文 话题 个人兴趣 词数 357 【主旨大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。Lin 的爱好非常多，但却坚持不长久。无奈在其 11 岁生日那天爸爸决定带他去儿童活 动中心，让他挑选一个能使得自己坚持一年的兴趣课。选来选去，Lin 决定选修“烹调”课。没想到这个爱 好让他坚持了下来并改变了他的人生轨迹。 26. A 细节理解题。从第三段描述可知，“摄影”课要求有照相机，而 Lin 家并不富裕，照相机价格又很昂 贵，所以 Lin 放弃了这个课程。故选 A。 27. C 词义猜测题。从第四段描述可知，尽管 Lin 都不知道“语言

33、艺术”是什么意思，但这个陌生的课程却 吸引了他的眼球即他的“注意力”。故选 C。 28. B 推理判断题。从第五段中的 It was inexpensive and convenient, it could be done alone and it was also creative.可知，“烹调”课不贵，而且容易，能独自完成，并有创意。这些特点符合 Lin 的性格，因为他 的兴趣总是改变，说明他不想拥有一成不变或太难的兴趣。故选 B。 29. C 推理判断题。从上文可知，Lin 的每个兴趣爱好都不能坚持长久，现在他选择“烹调”这样枯燥无味 的课，在爸爸看来，他肯定不能坚持长久，因此表示怀疑。

34、故选 C。 30. D 标题归纳题。本文说的就是一个不能长久固守一个兴趣的男孩 Lin 在 11 岁生日时，爸爸让其挑选 改变其一生的“兴趣”课的事情。因此根据第一段 Lin was given a gift that would shape his life.和最后一段 remembers the special gift he received all those years ago.等信息中可获取标题信息。故选 D。 (2018广东广州)（B） Experts believe that there are more than 8 million restaurants in the wo

35、rld today. So it might surprise you to learn that restaurants, as we know them, have only existed for a few centuries. Before 1765, there were no restaurants. That is, there were no places that provided the restaurant experience. There was nowhere in which a waiter brought you food and drink that yo

36、u picked from a menu. In fact, there were so menus anywhere. There were eating places travelers could go to centuries before that. The countryside was full of inns that would serve food. And there were taverns where one could get drinks. The rich could also eat special meals prepared by private cook

37、s. But none of them could be called a “restaurant”. A man called Boulanger changed that. In 1765, he opened a place in Paris that sold soups (汤). On his sign he used the word “restaurant” to describe what he was selling. At that time, soups were considered something that could help “restore” (恢复) yo

38、ur healthin French the word “restore” is “restaurer”so he called the soups “restaurants”. Soon, people started buying Boulangers soups even when they were not ill. And over time, people began to use the word “restaurant” to refer to a place selling soup rather than the soup itself. More “restaurants

39、” opened in France, and people began to buy soups more often. Later, restaurants in Paris began to serve other food besides soup. In the 1790s, menus started to appear. By the mid-1800s, there were many types of restaurants throughout the world. The United States offered coffee shops. Tea houses bec

40、ame popular throughout China. Paris created beautiful restaurants for the rich. The British began to copy the French, and the restaurant idea spread throughout the British Empire. Today cities are filled with all types of restaurants. Diners have millions of option from which to choose. 31. What is

41、the passage mainly about? A. How restaurants developed. B. What made a good restaurant. C. Who created the first restaurant. D. Why restaurants became popular. 32. According to the first paragraph, what made restaurants different from earlier eating places? A. Restaurants only served food. B. Restau

42、rants were more expensive. C. Restaurants were mainly in cities. D. Restaurants had a list of meal choices. 33. Who did Boulanger expect to come and eat at his restaurant? A. Rich people. B. Sick people. C. Travellers. D. Workers. 34. When it was first used, what did the word “restaurant” refer to?

43、A. A person. B. A place. C. Illness. D. Soup. 35. When did restaurants begin to grow internationally? A. In the 1600s. B. In the 1700s. C. In the 1800s. D. In the 1900s. 题材 说明文 话题 历史与社会 词数 316 【主旨大意】 本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了“餐馆”的起因和发展历史。它起源于 1765 年的法国，后来逐渐发展到全世 界。 31. A 主旨大意题。阅读文章可知，本文主要介绍了“餐馆”的起因和发展历史。故选 A。

44、32. D 推理判断题。阅读第一段可知，本段说的是，1765 年之前还没有所谓的“restaurants”，究其原因， 是以前供客人吃的地方都没有可供顾客挑选食物和饮料的菜单。故选 D。 33. B 细节理解题。从第三段中的 At that time, soups were considered something that could help “restore” your health 和 Soon, people started buying Boulangers soups even when they were not ill.可知，当时 Boulanger 建立“餐馆”的目的就是卖

45、汤给一些想恢复健康的顾客，后来，没病的人也来买他的汤。故选 B。 34. D 信息指代题。 从第三段中的 so he called the soups “restaurants”. 可知， 当初 Boulanger 使用 restaurants 这个名词就是指代 soup。故选 D。 35. C 细节理解题。从第四段中的 By the mid-1800s, there were many types of restaurants throughout the world. 可知，到 19 世纪中叶，各种各类的餐馆遍及全世界。故选 C。 (2018广东广州)（C） Many people kno

46、w that rubbish is a big problem on planet Earth. What many people dont know is that junk (垃圾) has become a problem in outer space too. According to BBC News, there are more than 22,000 pieces of space junk floating around the earth. And these are just the things that we can see from the surface of t

47、he earth by telescopes (望远镜). There are also millions of smaller pieces of junk that we cant see. Objects, like bits of old space rockets or satellites, move around the planet at very high speeds, so fast that even a very small piece can break important satellites or become dangerous to astronauts.

48、If the tiniest piece of junk crashed into a spaceship, it could damage the vehicle. To make things worse, when two objects in space crash, they break into many smaller pieces. For example, when a U.S. satellite hit an old Russian rocket in 2009, it broke into more than 2,000 pieces, increasing the a

49、mount of space junk. To reduce additional space junk, countries have agreed that all new space tools can only stay in space for 25 years at most. Each tool must be built to fall safely into the earths atmosphere after that time. In the upper parts of the atmosphere, it will burn up. Many scientists are also suggesting different ways to clean up space junk. In England scientists are tes