英语构词法课件.ppt

1、周爱琴构词法英语构词法主要有派生法(即词根加前缀或后缀构成的新词)、合成法和转化法三种。从近几年的高考题来看，阅读理解中除了有汉语注明的个别生词，以及大约2.5%的派生词和合成词外，没有出现过考纲外的生词。因此，熟练掌握考纲词汇和掌握常见的构词法，阅读这一关就好突破了。高考题型语法填空中必有一道题是考查词类转换的。考查不同词性在句中的不同用法，其中主要涉及到以下三条：1.在句中修饰动词或形容词等作状语,用副词；2.在句中作定语、表语或补语,一般用形容词；3.作主语、及物动词或者介词的宾语,用名词。近年高考题1.He must be 20 (mental)disabled.解析：修饰分词形容词d

2、isabled，作状语，用副词形式，故填mentally。2.His teacher took a deep drink,smiled 34(warm),and thanked his student very much for the sweet water.解析：修饰谓语动词smiled，作状语，用副词形式，故填warmly。3.But Jane knew from past experience that her 36 _(choose)of ties hardly ever pleased her father.解析:在that引导的宾语从句中作主语应当用名词,或者说,在形容词性物主代

3、词后,一定是用名词形式,故填choice。4.This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their 39 _(nature)course.解析：在名词course前作定语,要用形容词,故填natural。5.We drank together and talked 38 _(merry)till far into the night.解析：修饰谓语动词talked,作状语,应用副词,故填merrily。在五年高考中，由形容词变副词考了3年，由名词变形容词考了1年，由动词变名词考了1年。下面我们对常见的构词法进行扼要的归纳：一、形容词加

4、-ly变为副词的规律1.一般情况加-ly。如：real really/careful carefully/polite politely/quick quickly2.“辅音字母+y”结尾的，将y改为-ily。如：angry angrily/busy busily/heavy heavily 3.以-ble结尾的，将ble改为bly。如：probable probably/possible possibly4.个别单词，去掉e再加ly。如：gentle gently/true truly 5.以-ic结尾的，加ally。如：basic basically/energetic energetic

5、ally 注意：有的名词+ly 形容词 如：friend friendly/day daily 1.I was supposed to arrive at the airport on time._(fortunate),I was held up by the heavy traffic jam.2.Therefore,when they become older they are _(able)to do any other kind of work.3.Very early the next morning,amazingly,we got completely satisfied in

6、 a totally _(expect)way.4.I wont do the purchase because the price of this dress is _(reason).unreasonable unexpected5.Job _(apply)need to show their ability to be both organized and flexible in taking on many tasks at the same time.6.All facts are the source of _(conclude).7.However,most _(science)

7、agree that EQ has a lot to do with _(educate).8.Excellent oral and written _(communicate)skills in Chinese and English are of _(important).importancescientistseducationcommunication9.Fresh fruits and vegetables can provide much of our daily _(require).10.It is your _(free)to do what you want after c

8、lass.freedom requirement11.As is known to us all,the Entrance Exam is a great _,and the students are _.(compete)12.I am _(grate)to you for your help.13.He gave me some _(construct)suggestions.grateful competitioncompetitorsconstructive 14.A jurys decision in a court case must be absolutely _(object)

9、.15.He devoted much money to building schools in _(mountain)areas.16.Unfortunately,my car broke down on a _(mud)road.muddy objectivemountainous17.Everyone should play his part in building a _(harmony)society.18.The _(mystery)letter sent from Taiwan made the professor lost in thought.19.To make mysel

10、f _,I would do some _exercise after work.(relax)_relaxing harmoniousmysteriousrelaxed20.All the children felt _ when they heard the _ news.(discourage)21.We _(apology)for the late departure of this flight.apologized discourageddiscouraging22.The article can _(long)out a little by adding some example

11、s.23.His illness _(worse)during the night.24.Letting that animal escape was no accident;you did it _(intention).intentionally lengthen worsened25.The black people were against slavery and fought for their freedom _(brave).26.Our products are sold _,(world).27.He went out of the office _(hurry)to run

12、 after her.hurriedly bravelyworldwide28.I lost my balance and fell _(back).29.They live in the _(west)part of the village.30.Its very important to eat _(health).healthily backwardwestern二、语法填空 A group of robbers dug their way into the basement of a bank in Paris and emptied almost 200 private safes.

13、They entered the Credit Lyonnais branch using building 31 _ (equip)to dig holes and destroy walls 32 _Saturday night.31.名词作宾语。32.星期前用介词on。equipmentonThey tied up a 33 _(secure)guard and spent the next nine hours robbing the bank.One 34 _(investigate)described the robbery as a“35 _(profession)job”.33

14、.名词作定语，security guard“保安”。34.名词作主语,再根据谓语动词可知是指人。35.形容词作定语。securityinvestigatorprofessionalThe robbers came in at about 22:00 on Saturday and left at 7:00 on Sunday.They entered through the basements of the neighboring building,digging through a series of tunnels and making a hole into a wall of 80 c

15、m thick to get into the bank,36 _was having building works at the time.36.引导定语从句并在从句中作主语。whichWhen they left,the robbers set the place on fire to 37 _(move)any trace of evidence,switching on the anti-fire system and flooding the building.38 _(fortune),the guard escaped 39 _(harm).37.不定式作状语，根据句意应填remove(消除)。38.副词作状语修饰后面的句子。39.过去分词作补语,根据句意应填unharmed。removeFortunatelyunharmed40.作形式主语。40_It_ is difficult to estimate the total value of what was stolen as only the banks clients(储户)know the content of their private safes.