英语写作-避免错误悬垂结构课件.ppt

1、避免错误悬垂结构Avoid Dangling ConstructionBeauty is more than Skin-deep Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Beauty is More than Skin-deep.You should write at least 120 words following the outline given bellow.1.现在许多大学生为了将来能找到好工作，不惜重金进行美容包装2.产生这一现象的原因3.我的看法 Be

2、auty is More than Skin-deep Nowadays with the job market becoming fiercer,many college students do not hesitate to spend vast sums of money on cosmetics and fashionable clothing to look beautiful.Though it is natural for people to be attracted to beautiful things,it is questionable when they are int

3、erested in nothing but their looks.This phenomenon can be interpreted from the following aspects.Firstly,it shows that university students have misunderstanding about what beauty is-its not just appearance,its also about inner beauty.Secondly,they hold improper views about job hunting-while one shou

4、ld definitely make herself or himself look attractive,her or his capacity of doing the job well is more important.In brief,beauty can be vaguely divided into two categories:physical beauty and inner beauty.While these college students are trying hard to make themselves look beautiful,they should als

5、o pay more attention to their self-cultivation.什么叫悬垂结构？修饰语的作用是描述其它的词-起修饰、限定、强调或解释作用。因此，修饰语与它们所描述的词之间关系紧密，这种关系对读者来说必须十分清楚，当修饰语与句中的其它词之间的关系不是特别清楚时，这种修饰被称为悬垂修饰。悬垂修饰混淆结构会使读者难以理解。分词、不定式和动名词、省略句作为修饰语时学生受汉语影响常会出现悬垂现象。使用时要注意它们同主语的呼应，不可使其无所依附，或错误依附，进而造成悬垂结构。例1听到这个可怕的消息，他心跳加快。悬垂修饰：Having heard the terrible ne

6、ws,his heart beat fast.修改：When he heard the terrible news,his heart beat fast.例析为了及时完成工作，机器一直运转着。悬垂修饰：To finish the work in time,the machine is kept running all the time.修改：To finish the work in time,we kept the machine running all the time.1.介词词组(prepositional phrases)使用不当造成悬垂【例1】They reported that

7、 Clyde Yews,a South African business leader,had died on Channel Twos 7 p.m.news show.【译文】他们报道说，南非企业领导克莱德余斯，在昨晚上7点 第二频道的新闻中去世了。【例2】In utter despair,we could imagine what a man would do.【1修改】They reported on Channel Twos 7 p.m.news show,that Clyde Yews,a South African business leader,had died.【1修改】On

8、Channel Twos 7 p.m.new show,they reported that Clyde Yews,a South African business leader,had died.【2修改】We could imagine what a man in utter despair would do.2.分词短语(participial phrases)使用不当造成悬垂结构【例1】Swimming in the lake today,Mrs.Kay Floorings diamond wedding ring was lost.【例2】While climbing up the

9、mountain,the snow began to fall.【例3】Badly injured in the car accident,they say she was not be able to chair tomorrows meeting.【例4】Looking at in this way,the present economic situation doesnt seem so gloomy.【例5】If polluted,we can say that water will be harmful to human life.【例6】Crossing the bridge,ou

10、r university campus came in sight.【例7】Used properly,we can make our writing vivid,impressive and interesting.【1修改】Swimming in the lake today,Ms.Kay Flooring lost her diamond wedding ring.【1修改】While(she was)swimming in the lake today,Ms.Kay Flooring lost her diamond wedding ring.【2修改】While climbing u

11、p the mountain,we found that the snow began to fall.【3修改】Badly injured in the car accident,she will not be able to chair tomorrows meeting.【4修改】Looked at in this way,the present economic situation doesnt seem so gloomy.【5修改】If polluted,water will be harmful to human life.【6修改】Crossing the bridge we

12、came in sight of our university campus./After we crossed the bridge,we came in sight of our university campus.【例8】On seeing this old photo,my childhood came back to my memory.【例9】After reading the letter,my heart throbbed violently.【7修改】Used properly,figures of speech can make our writing vivid,impr

13、essive and interesting./If we use figures of speech properly we can make our writing vivid,impressive and interesting.【8修改】When I saw this old photo,I recalled my childhood./On seeing the old photo,I recalled my childhood.【9修改】After reading the letter my heart throbbed violently./After I had read th

14、e letter,my heart throbbed violently.3.不定式短语(infinitive phrases使用不当造成悬垂结构【例1】To write an effective internship application letter,dangling constructions need getting rid off.【例2】To show courtesy,the“you”attitude need to be developed in business letter writing.【例3】To go to America to study abroad,Chin

15、ese government has already made regulations.【例4】To plan your travel abroad,some tourist materials should be read.【例5】To be well-informed,reading widely is necessary.【例6】To be admitted to college,the entrance examination must be passed.【1修改】To write an effective internship application letter,you need

16、 to get rid off dangling constructions.【2修改】To show courtesy,you need to develop the“You”attitude in business letter writing.【2修改】To show courtesy,you need to develop the“You”attitude when writing business letters.【3修改】Chinese government has already prescribed regulations governing applications for

17、going to the U.S.A.to study.【4修改】To plan your travel abroad,you should read some tourist materials.【5修改】To be well-informed,we need to read widely.【6修改】To be admitted to college,a candidate must pass the entrance examination.4.副词(adverbs)、形容词(adjectives)使用不当造成错误悬垂结构【例1】Celesstes supervisor reminds t

18、he Interpol officers often to wear their bulletproof vests.【译文】瑟列丝特的老板提醒国际刑警组织的成员要经常穿防弹 背心。【例2】She scolded her son for lying severely.【例3】The United States only has a history of 200-old years.【例4】So quite and tiny,you will never know the android Tyr Guy is nearby.【例4】He foolishly answered the questi

19、on.【例5】He answered the question foolishly.类似形容词还有：clearly,kindly,generously,stupidly【1修改】Celestes supervisor often reminds the Interpol officers to wear bulletproof vests.【2修改】She severely scolded her son for lying.【3修改】The United States has a history of only 200-odd years.【4修改】Because the android T

20、yr Guy is so quiet and tiny,you will never know he is nearby.5.从句(clauses)使用不当造成错误悬垂结构【例1】While absorbed in reading,an unexpected visitor called.【例2】When a child,his parents left him in the care of his grandmother.【例3】After the picnic,Jane put all the food back into the basket that we had not eaten.

21、【1修改】While she was absorbed in reading,an unexpected visitor called.【2修改】When he was a child,his parents left him in the care of his grandmother.【3修改】After the picnic,Jane put the food that we had not eaten back into the basket.有些特定的词和词组可以在句首悬垂，即使它们没有修饰句中任何成分或是否与主句中的主语有逻辑关系。这种悬垂结构叫做“独立悬垂结构”。【例1】Judg

22、ing from her e-mail,Annette was quite upset.【例2】Judging by his accent,he must be a Southerner.【例3】Taking all things into consideration,their marriage is a happy one.【例4】To tell the truth,your paper is not acceptable.【例5】Judging from his past record,he will not be able to perform his duties well.【例6】

23、Considering the bad weather,the football players did quite well.【例7】Generally speaking,your proposal is worth consideration.类似可以担任“独立悬垂结构”的短语还有：Talking of(当谈到)Judging by/from(从来看)Generally/Strictly/Broadly speaking,(一般/严格/总的来说)Considering(考虑到)Taking all things into consideration(从各方面考虑)Seeing that(由

24、于)Allowing for(由于)Given(考虑到)Given that(虽然)To be frank,(坦率地说)To tell you the truth,(实话告诉你)Given the conditions,(考虑到)On the whole,(总体上；一般来说)In the long run,(从长远看)After all(终究；毕竟)Admittedly(公认地；无可否认)Supposing(假设)Regarding(关于)Considering everything(就一切而论)Assuming the worst(做最坏的打算)To cut a long story short(长话短说)To begin/start with 以in order to do sth.为形式的动词不定式在句中常用作状语，其动词既可能与主句中的主语构成“主+谓”关系，但也可以不与主句中的主语构成主谓关系。【例1】In order to get a clear picture,we need further information.【例2】In order to get a clear picture,further information is needed