英语优秀课件人教版英语八下(初二)-Unit2-Section-A-Grammar-focus-4a—4-d-.ppt

1、湖北省汉川市城关中学方友娥1.考查动词不定式的常用用法考查动词不定式的常用用法。2.如何运用动词不定式去灵活解题。如何运用动词不定式去灵活解题。动词不定式的主要用法动词不定式的主要用法 一、动词不定式在句子中不能独立充当谓语，一、动词不定式在句子中不能独立充当谓语，没有人称和数的变化。没有人称和数的变化。二、动词不定式是由二、动词不定式是由“to+to+动词原形动词原形”构成构成(有有时可以不带时可以不带to)to)。动词不定式的否定形式是。动词不定式的否定形式是“not+not+动动词不定式词不定式”(此时此时notnot不能再与助动词连用不能再与助动词连用)。三、动词不定式短语具有名词、形

2、容词和副词三、动词不定式短语具有名词、形容词和副词等的功能，可在句中用做多种句子成分。等的功能，可在句中用做多种句子成分。主语主语 宾语宾语 表语表语 定语定语 状语状语 宾补宾补1.主语主语 4.定语定语2.宾语宾语 5.状语状语3.表语表语 6.宾语补足语宾语补足语主语：常置于句末，而用主语：常置于句末，而用it it代替其做形式主语。代替其做形式主语。例：例：To do sportsTo do sports helps you stay healthy.helps you stay healthy.It helps you stay healthy It helps you stay h

3、ealthy to do sports.to do sports.注：此句式中不定式逻辑上的主语可由注：此句式中不定式逻辑上的主语可由forfor或或ofof引出，逻辑主引出，逻辑主语由语由ofof引出时，表语的形容词为引出时，表语的形容词为kindkind，nicenice，goodgood，politepolite，cleverclever，foolishfoolish，rightright，wrongwrong等表示性格品质评价的形容词。等表示性格品质评价的形容词。例：例：Its right of him to refuse the invitation.(himIts right of

4、 him to refuse the invitation.(him为逻辑为逻辑主语主语)He is right to refuse the invitation.He is right to refuse the invitation.点击规律：动词不定式在句中作主语时，除了直接作主语外点击规律：动词不定式在句中作主语时，除了直接作主语外,常常放在：放在：It is It is adjadj（形容词）（形容词）to do sthto do sth或或 It is It is n n（名词）（名词）to do sthto do sth句型中，句型中，it it仅作形式主语。仅作形式主语。主主

5、语语 Red stars,come on!()1.Its lucky _ you to have the chance to go abroad.A.of B.off C.on D.for 2.To swim in the deep sea on your own is dangerous.同义句同义句 _ dangerous _ _ in the deep sea on your own.A Its to swim 动动 词词 宾宾 语语 V+to doV+to do 此种情况可按固定搭配或句式去记。此种情况可按固定搭配或句式去记。例：例：would you like would you l

6、ike to see my photos?to see my photos?Kate planned Kate planned to visit his uncle.to visit his uncle.类似用法的词还有：类似用法的词还有：startstart，wantwant，agreeagree，hopehope，beginbegin，decide,decide,agree，love，like，hate，prefer等。等。点击规律：某些动词或短语后面既可以接动词不定式作宾语，又可接动名词作宾语，点击规律：某些动词或短语后面既可以接动词不定式作宾语，又可接动名词作宾语，提示板：提示板：li

7、ke doinglike doing指经常性动作，指经常性动作，而而like to dolike to do指一次性的动作。指一次性的动作。I like swimming I like swimming，but I dont but I dont like to swim like to swim nownow 我喜欢游泳，但我现在不想游。我喜欢游泳，但我现在不想游。用用“及物动词及物动词+不定式不定式”结构可以将含有结构可以将含有that引导的某些宾语从句的引导的某些宾语从句的复合句复合句转转换成换成简单句简单句。例如：。例如：1.He decided that he would buy a

8、 digital camera online.He decided_ _ a digital camera online.2.We hoped that we would come back soon.We hoped _ _ back soon.1.decide that decide to do 2.hope that .hope to do 3.expect that .expect to do to buyto come 表表 语语 放在连系动词放在连系动词bebe后面后面 例句：例句：1.His wish is to become a scientist1.His wish is t

9、o become a scientist 2.Our duty is to protect the environment.2.Our duty is to protect the environment.点击规律：动词不定式在句中作表语时，通常对连系点击规律：动词不定式在句中作表语时，通常对连系 动词前面的名词进行诠释说明。动词前面的名词进行诠释说明。你能译一译吗？一定能行的啊！你能译一译吗？一定能行的啊！1.1.我的愿望是上一中。我的愿望是上一中。_ 2.2.学习是我最重要的事。学习是我最重要的事。_返回My wish is to enter No1.Senior School.The f

10、irst important thing is to study.定定 语语动词不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词动词不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词 、代词的后面。、代词的后面。例：例：He is the first person He is the first person to sail around the worldto sail around the world.I have a lot of work I have a lot of work to finishto finish 点击规律：动词不定式若在句中作定语，常放在被修饰的名词、点击规律：动词不定式若在句中作定语，常放在被修饰的名词

11、、代词之后。代词之后。提示板：如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构成动宾关系，提示板：如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构成动宾关系，且动词是不及物动词，切记不要忘掉后面的介词。如：且动词是不及物动词，切记不要忘掉后面的介词。如：I have a small bedroom I have a small bedroom to live into live in Have you got some pens Have you got some pens to write withto write with？不定代词不定代词+形容词形容词+to do.to do+to do.to do 作后置定语。作后置

12、定语。Eg:I have something important Eg:I have something important to tell you.to tell you.()1.He has no pen to write _.A.on B.of C.with D.without ()2.Wait a moment!I have _ you!A.something important to tell B.important something to tell C.something important tell D.important something telling C A 状 语 a

13、 a目的状语：目的状语：放在放在gogo，comecome，useuse，livelive，in orderin order等词后面。等词后面。如：如：He runs fast He runs fast in order to get there in timeb b原因状语：原因状语：放在放在sorrysorry，gladglad，surprisedsurprised，disappointeddisappointed，excitedexcited等词后面。等词后面。如：如：I am sorry I am sorry to trouble you c c作结果状语作结果状语。如如:The ro

14、om is large enough The room is large enough to hold 1000 people 含有含有so that/in order that 引导的引导的目的状语从目的状语从句句的复合句用的复合句用“in order+不定式不定式”结构可以转结构可以转换为简单句。换为简单句。1.She decided to buy a camera online so that she could receive it soon.She decided to buy a camera online _ _ _ receive it soon.2.I went over m

15、y composition again and again in order that I couldnt make any mistakes.I went over my composition again and again _ _ _ _ make any mistakes.in order toin order not toin order to do in order not to do宾语补足语(1)(1)在多数复合宾语及物动词后要带在多数复合宾语及物动词后要带toto：telltell，askask，wantwant，orderorder，teachteach，inviteinv

16、ite，warnwarn，wishwish，helphelp，getget，wishwish，等词后面常接不定式作宾补。，等词后面常接不定式作宾补。例：例：I tell him I tell him not to go there by bus (2)(2)在表示感觉、致使等意义的动词在表示感觉、致使等意义的动词(see(see，watchwatch，hearhear，feelfeel，makemake，letlet，havehave，noticenotice，helphelp等等)后后不带不带toto 的不定式作宾补。的不定式作宾补。如：如：The boss makes them The b

17、oss makes them work 16 hours a day I heard her I heard her sing in the next roomin the next room 提示板：提示板：若变成被动语态，在上述结构中，不定式符号若变成被动语态，在上述结构中，不定式符号toto要加上。要加上。1.The boss makes them work 16 hours a day They are _ _ work 16 hours a day by the boss 2.I heard her sing in the next room She was _ _ sing in

18、the next roommade toheard to 我是不定式，来看看我的世我是不定式，来看看我的世界。界。1.to do is 2.v+to do 3.be+to do 4.n.+to do5.in order not to do do sth in order to do 6.make sb do-sb be made to do Hi,relax yourself!4b help move do make visit spend Most people today are only worried about getting good jobs 1._ lots of money.

19、In their free time,they think about what 2._ for fun.However,few people think about what they can do 3._ others.There are many people who are less lucky than us.Volunteering our time to help these people is a good way 4._ free time.For example,we can make plans 5._ sick children in the hospital or raise money for homeless people.Some people even stop doing their jobs for few months to a year 6._ to another place,like one of the countries in Africa,and help people there.to make to helpto be to spendto visit to move