英语主动语态和被动语态教学课件.ppt

1、英语主动语态和被动语态幻灯片PPT 本课件仅供学习使用本课件仅供学习使用 学习完毕请自行删除学习完毕请自行删除 本课件仅供学习使用本课件仅供学习使用 学习完毕请自行删除学习完毕请自行删除 本课件仅供学习使用本课件仅供学习使用 学习完毕请自行删除学习完毕请自行删除 英语动词有两种语态：主动语态(the Active Voice)被动语态(the Passive Voice)What is it?A.A.主动语态表示主语是动作的主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者执行者。B.B.被动语态表示主语是动作的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者承受者。We planted the tree.The tree was

2、 planted by us.We speak English.We speak English.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语English is spoken English is spoken byby us.us.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态当主语是动作的执行者时，动词用主动语态当主语是动作的执行者时，动词用主动语态（Active VoiceActive Voice）；如果主语是动作的承受者，）；如果主语是动作的承受者，动词便用被动语态（动词便用被动语态（Passive VoicePassive Voice）。）。We cleaned the classroom

3、yesterday.We cleaned the classroom yesterday.昨天我们打扫了教室。昨天我们打扫了教室。The classroom was cleaned by us yesterday.The classroom was cleaned by us yesterday.昨天教室被我们打扫了。昨天教室被我们打扫了。Many students study English.(主动语态)English is studied by many students.(被动语态)When to use it?1.1.当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或没有必当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，

4、或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。要指出谁是动作的执行者时。2.2.当我们需要强调动作承受者，而不是动作的当我们需要强调动作承受者，而不是动作的执行者。执行者。这本词典被保存完好这本词典被保存完好(不需要说明是谁保存的不需要说明是谁保存的)。这些书是在二十世纪二十年代发现的。这些书是在二十世纪二十年代发现的。（强调书被发现而不是强调由谁发现）（强调书被发现而不是强调由谁发现）The dictionary The dictionary is is wellwell kept kept.These book These book were foundwere found in the 1920s.

5、in the 1920s.被动语态的用法:A note was passed up to the speaker.1.强调动作的承受者;如:Table tennis is played all over China.English is spoken by many people.2.不需要指出动作的执行者或动作的执 行者难以说出或不必说出.如:Another bridge has been built across the Changjiang River.The Party was founded on July 6,1924.The Structure is助动词助动词be+be+及物动

6、词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词 (be+P.P.)(be+P.P.)一般现在时：一般现在时：am/is/are doneam/is/are done一般过去时：一般过去时：was/were donewas/were done现在进行时：现在进行时：am/is/are being doneam/is/are being done过去进行时：过去进行时：was/were being donewas/were being done现在完成时：现在完成时：have/has been donehave/has been done过去完成时：过去完成时：had been donehad been done

7、一般将来时：一般将来时：shall/will be done;be going to be shall/will be done;be going to be donedone当句中含有情态动词时，句子结构为当句中含有情态动词时，句子结构为 can/must/can/must/have tobe donehave tobe doneHe is regarded as a brilliant.He is regarded as a brilliant.他被认为很有才气。他被认为很有才气。This book was written in 1969.This book was written in

8、1969.这本书是这本书是19691969年写成的。年写成的。The broken bike is being repaired now.The broken bike is being repaired now.那辆坏了的自行车正在被修理。那辆坏了的自行车正在被修理。He told us the cat was being washed when we He told us the cat was being washed when we called him.called him.他告诉我们打电话时他正在给猫洗澡。他告诉我们打电话时他正在给猫洗澡。The pen has been used

9、 for several years.The pen has been used for several years.这支钢这支钢笔已经用了几年。笔已经用了几年。说这家工厂已经开张。说这家工厂已经开张。He said the factory He said the factory had been opened.had been opened.他他The work will be finished in three hours.The work will be finished in three hours.工作将工作将于三小时后完成。于三小时后完成。The baby must be look

10、ed after well.The baby must be looked after well.这孩子必须被好好照顾。这孩子必须被好好照顾。被动语态的结构：被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成，助动词be有人称、数的变化,其变化规则与be作为连系动词时一样。如:The desk is made of wood.The desks are made of wood.He is asked a question by the teacher.I was given a nice present by my friend yesterday.在改写中应注意：在改写中应注意：1.1.把把

11、来的来的提到前面作被动语态的提到前面作被动语态的2.2.把动词变成把动词变成“”;3.3.主动语态中的主动语态中的变为介词变为介词的的典型题例典型题例例例1 1 将下列句子改为被动语态。将下列句子改为被动语态。WeWe clean our classroom every day.clean our classroom every day.Our classroom is cleaned(by us)every day.Our classroom is cleaned(by us)every day.主变被解题步骤主变被解题步骤:1.1.找宾语找宾语 -即动作的承受即动作的承受者者TheyThe

12、y makemake shoesshoes in that factory in that factory.ShoesShoes2.2.判断宾语的单复数判断宾语的单复数 -即即bebe动词的单复数动词的单复数.arearewerewere3.3.判断动词的时态判断动词的时态 -即即bebe动词的时态动词的时态.4.4.修改谓语的时态修改谓语的时态 -即原句动词改为过去分即原句动词改为过去分词词 mademade5.5.修改原句的主语修改原句的主语 -即即by+by+主语主语.by them.by them.TomTom brokebroke the windowthe window.The w

13、indowThe window was brokenwas broken by Tomby Tom.TomTom brokebroke the windowsthe windows.The windowsThe windows were brokenwere broken by Tomby Tom.HeHe brokebroke the windowsthe windows.The windowsThe windows were brokenwere broken by by himhim.一般现在时的被动语态：一般现在时的被动语态：amam/areare/is is+People play

14、football all over the world.People play football all over the world.2.Mr.Green teaches us this term.2.Mr.Green teaches us this term.Football Football all over the worldall over the world .We We this term.this term.is playedis playedby peopleby peopleare taught(by Mr.Green)are taught(by Mr.Green)一般过去

15、时的被动语态：一般过去时的被动语态：waswas/were were+4.People built the Great Wall long ago.4.People built the Great Wall long ago.5.Two years ago we used the machines5.Two years ago we used the machinesto make shoes for children.to make shoes for children.The Great Wall The Great Wall long ago.long ago.Two years ago

16、 those machinesTwo years ago those machines shoes shoes for children.for children.was built(by people)was built(by people)were used(by us)to make were used(by us)to make 一般将来时的被动语态：一般将来时的被动语态：will will/be going to be going to+be+be+6.We will write a diary next class.6.We will write a diary next clas

17、s.7.Tom is going to hold a birthday party.7.Tom is going to hold a birthday party.A diary A diary next class.next class.A birthday partyA birthday party .will be written(by us)will be written(by us)is going to held by Tomis going to held by Tom情态动词的被动语态：情态动词的被动语态：mustmust/have tohave to/cancan等等 +be

18、+be+8.You must throw the broken pottery 8.You must throw the broken pottery away at once.away at once.9.We have to finish our homework on time.9.We have to finish our homework on time.The broken pottery The broken pottery at once.at once.Our homeworkOur homework .must be thrown away(by you)must be t

19、hrown away(by you)has to be finished(by us)on timehas to be finished(by us)on time2.2.TheyThey boughtbought ten computersten computers last last termterm Ten computersTen computers were boughtwere bought (by themby them)last term.last term.一般过去时：一般过去时：S+was/were+S+was/were+过去分词过去分词4 4Aby Aby can tak

20、e good care ofcan take good care of TinaTina TinaTina can be taken good care ofcan be taken good care of by Aby.by Aby.情态动词：情态动词：S+can/may/must/should+be+S+can/may/must/should+be+过去分词过去分词“We“We must putmust put them in the fridge.”The dogs them in the fridge.”The dogs thought.thought.3.3.TheyThey wi

21、ll finishwill finish the workthe work in ten days.in ten days.The workThe work will be finishedwill be finished(by themby them)in ten days.in ten days.一般将来时：一般将来时：S+will+be+S+will+be+过去分词过去分词Some workersSome workers are paintingare painting the roomsthe rooms nownowThe roomsThe rooms are being paint

22、edare being painted by some by some workersworkers now.now.现在进行时：现在进行时：S+am/is/are+being+S+am/is/are+being+过去分词过去分词WeWe have madehave made twenty more keystwenty more keysTwenty more keysTwenty more keys have been madehave been made by usby us.现在完成时：现在完成时：S+have/has+been+S+have/has+been+过去分词过去分词1.Pe

23、ople use knives for cutting things.1.People use knives for cutting things.Knives_ _ for cutting things.Knives_ _ for cutting things.2.The students clean the windows of their 2.The students clean the windows of their classroom twice a month.classroom twice a month.The windows of their classroom_ The

24、windows of their classroom_ _ twice a month._ twice a month.are used are usedarearecleanedcleaned(变被动语态）变被动语态）七嘴八舌3.I found the ticket on the floor.3.I found the ticket on the floor._ _ _ _ on the _ _ _ _ on the floor.floor.4.I told her to return the book in time.4.I told her to return the book in t

25、ime.She _ _ to return the book She _ _ to return the book in time.in time.The ticket was foundThe ticket was found was told was told3 3.We found the ticket on the floor.We found the ticket on the floor.5.His doctor made him have only two 5.His doctor made him have only two meals a day.meals a day.He

26、 _ _ _ _ He _ _ _ _ only two meals a day.only two meals a day.6.Now people can use computers to 6.Now people can use computers to help them.help them.Now computers _ _ Now computers _ _ _ to help them._ to help them.was made to have was made to have can be can be used used7.Did you plant many trees

27、at this 7.Did you plant many trees at this time last year?time last year?_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ at this time last time?at this time last time?8.Must we finish our work today?8.Must we finish our work today?_ our work_ _ _ our work_ _ today?today?Were many trees plantedWere many trees plantedMust be finishe

28、dMust be finished9.The foreign friends gave us some 9.The foreign friends gave us some wonderful stamps.wonderful stamps.1)_ _ _ some 1)_ _ _ some wonderful stamps.wonderful stamps.2)Some wonderful stamps _ 2)Some wonderful stamps _ _ _ _._ _ _.we were given we were given were were given to us given

29、 to us10.The teacher asked Tom to turn on 10.The teacher asked Tom to turn on the computer.the computer.Tom _ _ to turn on the Tom _ _ to turn on the puter.11.In this factory women do most of 11.In this factory women do most of the work.the work.Most of the work _ _ Most of the work _ _ by women in

30、this factory.by women in this factory.was asked was asked is done is done12.He can mend the bike in two 12.He can mend the bike in two days.days.The bike _ _ _ The bike _ _ _ in two days.in two days.13.You must take this medicine 13.You must take this medicine three times a day.three times a day.Thi

31、s medicine _ _ This medicine _ _ _ three times a day._ three times a day.can be mended can be mended must be must be taken taken14.The students in this school study 14.The students in this school study German.German.German _ _ by the German _ _ by the students in this school.students in this school.

32、15.Do they often talk about this 15.Do they often talk about this question?question?_ this question often _ _ this question often _ about _ _?about _ _?is studied is studiedIs Is talked talked by them by themAnswer right or wrongAnswer right or wrong 1.1.必须照看好孩子们。必须照看好孩子们。The children The children m

33、ust be taken good caremust be taken good care.().()The children The children must be taken good care ofmust be taken good care of.().()2.2.这本书是鲁迅写的。这本书是鲁迅写的。This book This book was wrotewas wrote by Lu Xun.()by Lu Xun.()This book This book was writtenwas written by Lu Xun.()by Lu Xun.()3.3.昨天那支笔是他给我

34、的。昨天那支笔是他给我的。That pencil That pencil was given mewas given me by him yesterday.()by him yesterday.()That pencil That pencil was given to mewas given to me by him yesterday.()by him yesterday.()WRWRWR 4.4.这辆自行车能修吗？这辆自行车能修吗？Can this bike Can this bike mendedmended?()?()Can this bike Can this bike be m

35、endedbe mended?()?()5.5.街道已由他们清理了。街道已由他们清理了。The street has been cleaned by The street has been cleaned by theythey.().()The street has been cleaned by The street has been cleaned by themthem.()WRWRThey They mademade shoesshoes in that factory.in that factory.They They will makewill make shoes shoes

36、in that factory.in that factory.They They would makewould make shoes shoes in that factory.in that factory.They They can makecan make shoes shoes in that factory.in that factory.They They have madehave made shoes shoes in that factory.in that factory.They They had madehad made shoes shoes in that fa

37、ctory.in that factory.They They are makingare making shoes shoes in that factory.in that factory.They They were makingwere making shoes shoes in that factory.in that factory.带复合宾语的被动语态结构带复合宾语的被动语态结构（）（）makemake sb sb.do.do sth.sth.sb.sb.be made to dobe made to do sth.sth.Mr GreenMr Green mademade Ji

38、mJim dodo his homework at home.his homework at home.JimJim was made to dowas made to do his homeworkhis homework by Mr Greenby Mr Green at at home.home.watch let have hear see noticewatch let have hear see notice（1）感觉动词感觉动词(hear,see(hear,see等等)改被动语态改被动语态（2）使役动词使役动词(let,make(let,make等等)改被动语态改被动语态如动词为

39、如动词为 make,see,hear,watch make,see,hear,watch 等，后接等，后接宾语补足语为不带宾语补足语为不带“to”to”不定式时，不定式时，变被变被动动语态时要加上语态时要加上“to”to”。如：。如：I saw him I saw him fall off the treefall off the tree.He was seen He was seen fall off the treefall off the tree.思思 考考 2 2：1212I usually hear her sing English songs in the I usually

40、hear her sing English songs in the morning.morning.She She in in the morning.the morning.is usually heard is usually heard sing English songs sing English songs 14.He makes her horse work all day.14.He makes her horse work all day.Her horse Her horse all day.all day.15.My father let me go out for a

41、picnic.15.My father let me go out for a picnic.I I out for a picnic.out for a picnic.is madeis made work work was letwas let go go 口诀：口诀：这些动词真奇怪，主动句中to 离开，被动句中to回 来。（hear,let，have,make,see,watch)help sb help sb(to)V (to)V be helped be helped to V.to V.He helped the old man He helped the old man(to)c

42、lean(to)clean the room.the room.The old man was helped The old man was helped to cleanto clean the room.the room.(2)see sb.doing sth.sb.be seen doing sth.(2)see sb.doing sth.sb.be seen doing sth.I I sawsaw him him playingplaying football at that moment.football at that moment.He He was seen playingw

43、as seen playing football at that moment.football at that moment.hear/watch/.hear/watch/.BobBob sentsent KateKate a lettera letter last year.last year.=Kate=Kate was sentwas sent a lettera letter by Bobby Bob last year.last year.=A letterA letter was sentwas sent to Kateto Kate by Bobby Bob last year

44、.last year.tell ask bring write tell ask bring write give send show teach give send show teach pass lendpass lendtotoHe told Jim a story.He told Jim a story.Mum Mum made made me me a new dressa new dress.I I was madewas made a new dressa new dress by Mum.by Mum.A new dressA new dress was madewas mad

45、e forfor me by Mumme by Mum.make buy make buy draw singdraw singforforI bought my brother a book.I bought my brother a book.We gave him some books.We gave him some books.He He .Some books Some books .was given some books(by us)was given some books(by us)were given were given him(by us)him(by us)注意注意

46、:约翰打开了收音机。约翰打开了收音机。John John turned onturned on the radio.the radio.The radio The radio was turned on.was turned on.奶奶照看我姐姐。奶奶照看我姐姐。Grandma Grandma takes care oftakes care of my sister.my sister.My sister My sister is taken care ofis taken care of byby Grandma.Grandma.注：注：动词短语变被动语态时,千万不要遗漏介词或千万不要遗漏介

47、词或副词。副词。We We must speak tomust speak to old people politely.old people politely.Old people Old people must be spoken tomust be spoken to politely.politely.They saidThey said that he would come back soon.that he would come back soon.It was saidIt was said that he would come back soon.that he would c

48、ome back soon.类似的还有：类似的还有：It is reported/It is reported/believed/believed/hoped/hoped/supposed that.supposed that.We report We report 1).1).不及物动词没有被动语态。不及物动词没有被动语态。如：如：belong,belong,happen,take placehappen,take place,last,last,come true,remain,succeed,fall,die,come true,remain,succeed,fall,die,arriv

49、e,arrive,break out,appear,last,start,break out,appear,last,start等。等。*Great changes Great changes have taken placehave taken place in this city.in this city.*That bike That bike doesnt belong todoesnt belong to Mike.Mike.2)2)表示静态的及物动词不用被动语态表示静态的及物动词不用被动语态have /fithave /fitI I havehave a TV set.a TV s

50、et.The coat The coat fits fits me well.me well.【正正】Look at the blackboardLook at the blackboard，pleaseplease 【误误】The blackboard is looked at by youThe blackboard is looked at by you 3)3)表示静态的及物动词不用被动语态表示静态的及物动词不用被动语态4.4.系动词没有被动语态和进行时态系动词没有被动语态和进行时态这鱼味道很好。这鱼味道很好。这条围巾摸上去很软。这条围巾摸上去很软。The fishThe fish t