英语专业四级考试写作课件.ppt
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1、英语专业四级考试专题讲座写作(2)TEM-4的段落写作 1、开场白段落和写作技法 开场白写作妙招1:“引限提”简易法 以“Internet is a Better Way to Get Information”为例来解释这种方法的操作过程。这个题目中至少有四个关键信息,(1)information,(2)ways to get information,(3)a better way to get information,和(4)internet is a better way to get information,即 Internet is a Better Way to Get Inform
2、ation(1)(2)(3)(4).(1)It is said that the 21st century is“the century of information”.(2)And the ways for people to get information are varied.(3)Among the numerous sources,the Internet and printed books are two main kinds.(4)However,with the technological development,Internet has become obviously su
3、perior to printed books 开场白写作妙招2:改写、扩写指令情景简易法 抄指令时,字数不记入总分。但我们只要将其做简单的改写、扩写,一个相关性好的开场白就写成了。(1)Nowadays the Internet has become part of peoples life,and(2)millions of young people have made friends online.Write on ANSWER SHEET TWO a composition of about 200 words on the topic:(3)Is It Wise to Make Fr
4、iends Online?句(1)可作如下的改写和扩写 a.Today,the Internet has become essential to our daily life:we get information,buy things,and see a doctor online.b.Today,the Internet has permeated almost every part of our life,getting information,buying things,etc.句(2)可作如下的改写和扩写 a.Making friends through the Internet ha
5、s become a popular thing among young people.b.Millions of young people make friends with those on the other end of the Internet.句(3)可作如下的改写和扩写 a.Making friends online is a controversial issue.b.As to such a new thing,how many people how many minds”.句(3)在表明观点时可有多种方法:a.In my opinion,is a wise choice.b
6、.As far as I am concerned,it has more benefits negative effects)than negative effects benefits).根据这些分析,我们不难得出如下的开场白:Today,the Internet has become essential to our daily life:we get information,buy things,and see a doctor online.More and more young people are even trying making friends in this virtua
7、l space.As to such a matter,some people applaud,but many others take it a dangerous beast.As far as I am concerned,it has more benefits than negative effects.开场白写作妙招3:论点十解释 开场白最简单的写法是在段落一开始就直截了当地表明自己的观点,然后对论点稍加解释说明,以便为下文的发展限题。The Best Way to Stay Healthy(1)There are various ways of keeping healthy,b
8、ut enough sleep is definitely the basic element to stay fit.(2)I have several reasons to support my view.First,adequate sleep can bring an energetic day Second,the lack of sleep will affect 开场白写作妙招4:贴切简单的例子十观点 Last National Day,I visited the Great Wall,a place I had been longing for since I was a yo
9、ung girl.I was deeply moved by its magnificence.More important,the trip brought me into the history,the Chinese history of fighting against the foreign aggressors.So it is natural to say that travel broadens peoples mind.开场白写作妙招5:引言(数据、格言、谚语)十观点 为了避免写作的主观性,我们在写作中可以出现别人的声音,通常我们可以以一个或几个令人吃惊的数据(如,Accor
10、ding to a recent poll,61 percent of American high school students have admitted cheating on exams at least once.)、别人的话(如,“My teacher often said that you cant tell a book by its cover”)、名人的至理名言(如,“Love makes all hard hearts gentle”by George Herbert)、一条颠扑不破的谚语(如,“Never give advice to a friend”)等作为文章的开
11、头。这种方法开头同样要求所引内容对于主题来说是准确而且合适的。开场白写作妙招6:疑问或问题十观点 在开场白里提出一个疑问(question)或展示一个问题(problem-)人们会思考其解决思路。这两种办法能让人们投入作者的写作中,所以在下文作者就可以顺理成章做答和讨论解决办法。开场白写作妙招7:不同或相反的观点十观点 这种方法也叫反转法。作者用与自己的主题相反或不同的观点开头,然后与之相悖,表明自己的观点和立场,写出主题句。Will Phones Kill Letter Writing?(1)A recent survey shows that more than 85%of the col
12、lege students choose telephone rather than letter to communicate with their relatives or friends.(2)They think that telephone is more convenient than letter in information conveyance.(3)Some people even think that telephone will kill letter writing.(4)But I hold that letter writing cannot be replace
13、d by telephone for the following reasons.中间段落的写作技法 1、分主题句的写法 首先我们要明确两个概念:主旨和主题句。主旨(thesis statement)针对整个文章而言;而主题句(topic sentence)针对段落而言。分主题写作妙招1:分主题的结构:分主题=论题+具体观点(主旨的某一具体体现)There are two ways to improve mental health.Firstly,we should do some sports regularly.This can help build our body which is t
14、he precondition for mental health.Secondly,communication is also important.We should talk to family members,friends so as to release.分主题写作妙招2:观点不可过宽或过窄 We should learn to relax.Attitude is the most important.Listening to music is good Reading is good.分主题写作妙招3:分主题要足够概括 We should listen to music,read
15、novels so as to to improve mental health.Developing some positive hobbies can work effectively to improve mental health.分主题写作妙招4:分主题表达要充分自信、坚定 I think students fees are too much high.Student fees need to be explained and justified.In my opinion,everyone should exercise Everyone should exercise to re
16、duce stress.分主题写作妙招5:分主题表达形式要规范 应该是完整的句子 最好使用陈述句 Why shouldnt we keep healthy by doing regular exercises?We should keep healthy by doing exercises 分主题写作妙招6:分主题句表达要兼顾行文的连贯与衔接 Firstly,secondly The first reason for A is that.,the fact that.can also justify A,we insist on A also because2、主题的拓展方法(分)主题拓展法
17、1:对比比较法(分)主题拓展法2:举例法(分)主题拓展法3:定义法(分)主题拓展法4:正反结合论证法如何自然结尾(结尾句和结尾段)段落结尾法1:主题的变通(同义反复)+观点概括 段落结尾法2:反诘提问 段落结尾法3:提出建议,呼吁行动 段落结尾法4:展望未来命题作文的写作模式与语言参考 一、比较选择类作文 这是TEM-的常考文体类型。其目标非常明确,要求考生对两个事物或做法进行利弊公优缺的比较,并说明选择的倾向。当然,有的时候,要求我们对一个事物或做法的两面性进行比较,提出一种折衷的建议。我们可以把比较选择类的文进一步细化成三种类型:()比较两种事物的优缺点并表明倾向;()比较两种做法的利弊并
18、表明倾向;()对一个事物或做法的利弊说明。比较选择题型A:比较两个事物的优缺点并表明倾向 典型题眼:Television as a Better Source of Entertainment A Balanced Diet:A Better Way to Stay Healthy Borrowing Books Outweighs Buying Books 变通形式:Will Phones Kill Letter Writing?(2004 TEM-4命题作文)变通形式:The Difference of My Collega Life and My Middle School Life(W
19、hich One Do You Prefer?)(1996 TEM-4命题作文)结构模板 特别声明:此题型强调在比较A和B若干不同点之后做出选择,主要段落发展模式为:A1,B1;A2,B2对比比较法。第一段:用现象或事实引出要比较的A和B的上义词C,说明A和B是C的两个重要或流行的选择,用一句话明确表明自己观点或倾向(假如说选择是A)。第二段:第一句承接首段观点,引出下文的发展模式(列举)A优点之一(句),用拓展句加以说明(23句);转折关联词说明B相应的缺点(句),并用拓展句加以说明(句)。A优点之二(句),用拓展句加以说明(句);转折句说明B缺点(句),并用拓展句加以说明(句)。第三段:结
20、论 可变通的语言模板(引题)Between the two(AB的上义词或概括词):A and B,I hold that A is better(e.g.choice,means,way,access)My belief(statement,view,point of view)that A is better than B is based on the following two reasons/My reasons for the preference for A lie in the following aspects.The first reason is that A can(A
21、enables us to do)(拓展句加以说明句).But(Nevertheless,However)B can only(拓展句加以说明句).For the reasons mentioned above,we can easily draw the conclusion that A(观点)outweighs B(A is superior to B)as an important C.有文可鉴 范文 Directions:Internets and printed materials are two popular ways to get information.Which one
22、do you prefer?State your point of view clearly.比较选择题型B:比较两种做法的利弊,表明倾向 典型题眼:Which Kind of Work to Choose:A Quick Profit or a Future Outlook?Where to Live:In a City or in the Country?(A or B)Where to eat:In a Restaurant or at Home?Whether to Further Study or to Find a Job Soon after Graduation?结构模板 第一
23、段:引言段,用现象或事实引出要比较的A和B(句),并说明A和B有利有弊(句)。第二段:赞成A的人的理由总概(句),并用拓展句加以说明(句);赞成B的人的理由总概(句),并用拓展句加以说明(句)。第三段:A和B都有弊端(句)。A的主要弊端(句),B也有问题,举例(句)。第四段:结论就我而言,由于(不)喜欢A或B的某个(些)好处(弊病),所以选择A(B)。可变通的语言模板 As to the question:where should we A or B,different people have different opinions.Actually,both A and B have thei
24、r own advantages and disadvantages.Many people appreciate the convenience(or the bright future A may bring about)of A.用拓展句加以说明(句)。But B is also attractive.用拓展句加以说明(句)Both A and B,however,have their own disadvantages.A的主要弊端.And B also has many problems,such as As far as I am concerned,I hate(like)A(B
25、).So,given the chance,I would prefer B(A)to A(B).有文可鉴 范文 Directions:Every July is the time for graduates to decide whether to further study or to find a job.Some students take part in graduate entrance examination,but others want to work as soon as they graduate.Suppose you were to graduate,which on
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