选修8==Unit2Reading.ppt

1、Reading TwinsThey are born naturally and identical in sex and appearance.A strawberry plantThe new plants that grow from the runners are exact copies of the original plant.一株草莓依靠它沿地一株草莓依靠它沿地“爬走爬走”的匍匐茎的匍匐茎,一年内就能长出数百株草莓苗。一年内就能长出数百株草莓苗。富贵竹插枝即活富贵竹插枝即活The gardener should cut the plant,then the cutting pr

2、oduce another new plant.1996 cloning sheeps2001 cloning cattle我国成功繁殖克隆兔我国成功繁殖克隆兔 体形要比普通兔大许多体形要比普通兔大许多2002年年5月月中旬成功地中旬成功地繁殖了一只繁殖了一只胚胎细胞胚胎细胞克隆兔。克隆兔。2002 cloning cats2002年年4月月16日日美国第一头克美国第一头克隆牛隆牛“艾米艾米”产下牛犊。产下牛犊。2005 cloning dogsIn pairs discuss what you understand about cloning.Then list the questions

3、you want to find out.Share your lists with one another.Pre-reading 1.What is a clone?A clone is an animal or a plant produced naturally or artificially from the cells of another animal or plant and is exactly the same as it.2.How is a clone produced？1)The cloning of plants is simple and relatively e

4、asy.It can be done by taking cuttings(man-made cloning)or letting the plant produce its own runners(natural cloning).2)The cloning of animals is more complicated.It was not achieved until 1996 and is fully explained in the first reading.3.What benefits can humans gain from cloning？Medical cloning ca

5、n help cure serious illnesses that ruin ones quality of life(such as Parkinsons disease or Alzheimers disease).It can help infertile people have babies.4.What problems may arise when humans are cloned?People may want to clone themselves so they can live forever.People may want to clone dead children

6、.People may want to clone their favourite pets.1.What is the main topic?_ A.Cloning.B.Dolly the sheep.C.It will lead us to some places.2.What is the writing style?_ A.Expositive(说明性的说明性的).B.Descriptive.C.Argumentative(议论性的议论性的).A A Learning tips:The passage is written in the expositive style.That is

7、 to say the text is in the third person and in factual and formal language.It gives different points of view and does not try to persuade the reader to make up his/her own mind.3.Dolly the sheep _.A.looked exactly like the sheep that provides the egg.B.was the exact copy of the sheep that provides t

8、he nucleus.C.looked like the sheep that gave birth to it.D.had the characteristics of all three sheep.B 4.It can be inferred from the passage that a cloned animal_.A.usually lives as long as the original one B.usually lives longer than the original one C.usually dies earlier than the original one D.

9、is usually as healthy as the original oneC 5.Which of the following is not an advantage of cloning?_A.Cloning can be used for medical purposes.B.Large quantities of food can be produced by cloning.C.Cloning can help keep animals from becoming extinct.D.Famous persons who have passed away can be clon

10、ed.D 6.Which of the following is wrong?_A.Cloned people could live forever.B.Cloned people may be killed at will for medical aid.C.A woman would have difficulty recognizing her real husband.D.Men will die out because a woman can give birth to a baby without a husband.A 7.Which statement is NOT true?

11、_A.Cloning is something that has been developed quite recently.B.Twins that look exactly the same are originally from the same egg.C.Cloning is used by gardeners to make more money.D.Animal cloning is much more difficult than plant cloning.A 8.The cloning of Dolly the sheep succeeded because _.A.its

12、 easier to clone a sheep than other animals B.the scientists were determined and worked hard with patienceC.the scientists were rewarded and got lots of moneyD.many other attempts to clone mammals failedB 9.The lamb is the clone of the cell from sheep because _.A.it provides the egg cell B.it gives

13、birth to the lamb C.it provides the nucleus D.it is a female sheep10.The sheep that donated the somatic cell most probably lived _ years.A.3 B.6 C.9 D.12C D 11.The main idea of the text is _ A.animal cloning is very valuable and can benefit the world.B.animal cloning could be misused by bad people s

14、o it must be forbidden.C.animal cloning is well developed because Dolly the sheep was born.D.animal cloning raised arguments and scientists are not sure about its future.D 12.Which of the following is NOT a problem or danger of cloning mentioned in the text?_A.Evil leaders may want to clone themselv

15、es.B.Animal clones may develop the illness of older animals and may die younger than the donor animals.C.There are moral objections to cloning human beings.D.Too much cloning may lead to the destruction of the balance of nature.D 13.We can infer from the last three paragraphs that _.A.the normal dev

16、elopment of Dolly had no effect on the cloning of other species.B.Dollys serious disease and final death disturbed the whole world.C.Dolly successfully cloned a new lamb with the help of cloning scientists.D.there were arguments about animal cloning and concerns about the future of cloning.D Careful

17、 reading The main idea of each paragraph.1.Cloning is _ _ 2.Cloning has _ uses.3.The _ of Dolly.4.The _ of clonging in society.5.The _towards cloning.a way of making an exact copy of another animal and plant.problemstwo majoreffectattitudesIt happens both in _ and in _.They can be cloned by _ and _.

18、plantsanimalsthemselveshumansNatural cloneMan-made clonePara 1:The definition of cloning1.How many major uses do cloning have?Firstly,commercial Secondly,research2.How many female sheep participate in the cloning of a new sheep?3.When was the cloning of Dolly the sheep born?3Para 2:The major uses an

19、d procedures of cloning1996About Dolly the sheepEncouraging news:Dolly developed _.Disturbing news:normally Dolly lived for six and a half years,half the length of the life of the original one.Para 3:The problems of DollyThe word“controversial”in Para 4 probably means _.A.complicated B.arguable C.im

20、portant Para 4:The impact of DollyB True or false:1.People feared that Cloned Hitlers would do harm to the world.2.All the research into human beings will be forbidden.3.Some countries will use cloning in a wise way.Para 5:Peoples reaction to cloningMany governments forbade research into human being

21、s.T T F Hitler:an evil leader意大利狂人医生意大利狂人医生:安蒂诺里安蒂诺里冒死也要克隆人的冒死也要克隆人的科学家科学家:布瓦瑟利耶布瓦瑟利耶1 Read the passage and answer these questions.Comprehending 1.What are the two major uses of cloning?The first use is to produce commercial quantities of plants.The second is to research on new plants species and do

22、 medical research on animals.2.Why is it easier to make commercial plant clones than animal clones?Cloning plants is straightforward,but the cloning of animals is very complicated.3.What was the first clone from an adult animal?At what age did this clone die?4.Why is cloning controversial in some co

23、untries?The first clone from an adult animal was Dolly the sheep.She died in 2003 at the age of 6 and a half.Cloning is controversial in some countries for moral and religious reasons.Problems or dangers of cloningAdvantages of cloningAnimals may develop the illnesses of older animals.2 Fill in the

24、chart.Medical cloning could produce cures for serious illnesses in humans.Animal clones may die younger than the donor animalsEvil leader may want to clone themselves.There are moral objections to cloning human beings.Cloning plants can produce plants of similar quality for sale.Cloning plants can b

25、e useful for research on new plant species.Cloning can help save endangered animals.3 What do you think is the writers point of view in this reading passage?Is it in favour of cloning or against it?I think the writer is _ because_ _ impartialhe/she does not state any personal opinion about cloning.1

26、.Do you support the idea of producing human embryos(胚胎胚胎)for medical purposes?Why?2.Do you think it a good idea to use cloned humans for organ(器官器官)transplants?Why?3.Do you think a cloned human should have human rights?Why?4.Do you think cloned humans will have the same talents as the original ones?

27、Why?DiscussionAs a coin has two sides,everything has two aspects.First,if the cloning is used in a correct way it can bring many conveniences to us.Such as:curing serious illnesses and being used to produce commercial quantities of plants.On the other hand,if the cloning is used in an evil way it ca

28、n cause much trouble:such as moral questions.Practice activity:Debate Are you in favor of cloning or against cloning?What is your point of view on it?1.This happens in plants when gardeners take when twins identical in sex and 1)“when gardeners take cuttings from growing plants to make new ones,when

29、 twins identical in是两个时间状语从句。是两个时间状语从句。when 引导的时间状语从句中从句的动作可以与引导的时间状语从句中从句的动作可以与主句的动作同时发生，也可以先于主句的动作。主句的动作同时发生，也可以先于主句的动作。Dont be afraid of asking for help _ it is needed.(03,全国全国)A.unless B.since C.although D.whenD 2)happen vi.occur by chance;take place (偶然地偶然地)发生发生;出现出现 happen to do happen to sb.I

30、t happened that happening n.事件事件;偶然发生的事偶然发生的事(常用复数常用复数)辨析辨析:happen,occur,take place与与come about四词都有四词都有“发生发生”之意之意,但有区别。但有区别。happen 是一般用语是一般用语,词义较广词义较广,强调事情强调事情 发生的偶然性发生的偶然性;occur 用法较正式用法较正式,既可以指自然发生既可以指自然发生,也也 可以指有意安排。可以指有意安排。碰巧碰巧(某人某人)发生什么事了发生什么事了碰巧碰巧他的原话是什么？他的原话是什么？What were his exact words?我不知道房间

31、的确切大小。我不知道房间的确切大小。I dont know the exact size of the room.那恰恰是我期待的。那恰恰是我期待的。Thats exactly what I expected.你到得正是时候。你到得正是时候。Youve arrived at exactly the right moment.exactly speaking/to be exactThese two designs are almost identical.My opinion is identical to his.This picture is identical to the one my

32、 mother has.1)When did the explosion _?2)Important elections _ this fall.3)The concert will _ next Sunday.4)How did the quarrel _?occurtake placecome abouthappenUse the above words to fill in the blanks.take place 一般指有计划一般指有计划,按事先安排的按事先安排的 进行的含义。进行的含义。come about 往往注重事情发生的原因往往注重事情发生的原因,常常 与与how 连用。连用

33、。以上四组词均为不及物动词以上四组词均为不及物动词,无被动语态。无被动语态。identity n c/u 身份,本身,本体 1)The police are trying to discover the of the killer.2)a false identity/ID card 3)She went through an identity crsis in her teens.自我认同的危机 c 相同,一致,统一性(with)1)an identity of interests 2)Fans have a close identity with their team.identify v

34、t 确认,鉴定(身份,性质)1)The police identified the body as a suspected drug dealer.2)He refused to identified himself.3)Please identify your own suitcase before it was put on the plane.identificationidenticalidentify with sb(和某人有一样的情感)和某人产生 共鸣;同情,谅解 1)I like the book because I could identify with some of the

35、 characters.identify sb with sth =consider sb to be.The public identify him with the tough guy.identify sth with sth=consider sth to be.You should not identify happiness with wealthidentify sb/sth as.=show sb to be Sometimes the clothes people wear identify them as what class of persons.be identifie

36、d with identify yourself with同情,支持2.Cloning plants is straightforward.straightforward adj.简单的简单的,易懂的，易懂的，坦诚的坦诚的,坦率的坦率的straightforwardly adv.率直地率直地,坦诚地坦诚地straightforwardness n.率直率直1)Jack is rough,but always straightforward.2)Installing the program is relatively straightforward.3)She admired his strai

37、ghtforwardness.Clone vt 克隆 n 克隆物/人Cloning adj 克隆的,研究克隆的,和克隆有关的 u克隆(过程)Cloned 被克隆的1)In many aspects natural_,such as identical twins,do not differ greatly from man-made ones.2)He was cast down when the procedure he had used to produce a mammal_ ended in failure.3)To do this he thought that he would h

38、ave to _himself.4)Freddy was cast down and looked for some way to reform the_procedure to avoid this problem.5)Some _scientists hold the belief that_may lead to many important scientific breakthroughs.6)A fierce debate arises over the question whether human_experiments should be allowed.7)Scientists

39、 believe human_is just a matter of time but the assumption that human_have already been born hasnt proved yet.clonecloneclonescloningcloningcloningcloningcloningclones3.It is a difficult task to undertake.undertake vt.(undertook;undertaken)着手做着手做,从事从事,进行进行;担任担任,承担承担,答应答应,同意。同意。The procedure is diffi

40、cult to undertake,of course.当然,这个过程很难实施。The scientist undertakes the experiment.科学家从事这项实验。I can undertake the responsibility for the changes.我愿意承担这些变革的责任。他许诺当我们的向导.He undertook to be our guide.完成下列句子。完成下列句子。1)The lawyer _ a new case.那个律师接了一个新的案子。那个律师接了一个新的案子。2)He will _ _ _ next month (去旅行去旅行).3)He

41、_ _ _ _.(承担一项新任务承担一项新任务)undertookundertook a new taskundertake a journeyJohn studied hard before the examination,and it paid off.He made an A.His hard work paid off when he got the promotion.Ill pay off my debt with this check.拓展:pay back 偿还;报复 pay for 付的钱;为付出代价 pay down+sth.付款,付定钱 pay up 偿还(欠款)4.pa

42、y off 是值得的是值得的,没有白费没有白费/偿还掉偿还掉,付掉付掉He paid the money down and took the goods.He paid$10 down and agreed to pay the rest in monthly installments.The landlord demanded that the man pay up or go to jail.If you dont pay up,Ill take legal action.Ill pay him back for what he did to me.用介词用介词back,off,to,填空

43、：填空：1)-Your effort is sure to pay_.-Thank you for your encouragement.2)The supermarket _ which he had ever paid a visit,was burnt to the ground.3)How can I pay you _ for all your kindness?4)Well,after these years,weve at last paid _ all our debts.offtobackoff1)contain v.包含包含,含有含有2)needed to produce

44、a new sheep 为过去分词为过去分词 短语作后置定语短语作后置定语,修饰其前面的名词修饰其前面的名词 genes,构成动宾搭配关系。构成动宾搭配关系。5.The nucleus of this cell contains all the genes needed to produce a new sheep.这个细胞的细胞核含有生产一只新的绵羊的这个细胞的细胞核含有生产一只新的绵羊的 必需的基因。必需的基因。辨析辨析:contain 与与 include contain“包含包含,含有含有”,侧重于包含的内容或侧重于包含的内容或 成分成分,“里面装有里面装有”;include“包括包括

45、”,侧重范围或整体。侧重范围或整体。e.g.1)Whisky _ a large percentage of alcohol.2)The book _ forty maps,_ three of Great Britain.containscontainsincluding6.The nucleus from sheep B and the egg cell from sheep A are joined using electricity.从绵羊从绵羊B中取出的细胞核与从绵羊中取出的细胞核与从绵羊A中取出中取出 的卵细胞用电流使之结合。的卵细胞用电流使之结合。1)using electric

46、ity 为现在分词短语作方式状语。为现在分词短语作方式状语。2)联手联手,携手携手 参加活动参加活动 和某人一起做事和某人一起做事 参军参军,连起来连起来join handsjoin in sth./doing sth join sb.in sth.join uptake part in 指参加某项活动指参加某项活动,并以积极的态度并以积极的态度 在所参加的活动中起作用；在所参加的活动中起作用；join “加入加入”团体或组织；团体或组织；join in 指参加活动和游戏；指参加活动和游戏；join sb.in sth.和某人一起做某事；和某人一起做某事；attend 参加会议参加会议(听演讲

47、、听音乐、参加婚礼听演讲、听音乐、参加婚礼)辨析辨析:take part in,join,join in 与与 attend7.The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging.多莉看来是在正常地成长着多莉看来是在正常地成长着,这很令人鼓舞。这很令人鼓舞。“that she seemed to develop normally”是同位语是同位语从句。从句。为了保持句子的平衡为了保持句子的平衡,同位语从句还可以放在动同位语从句还可以放在动词的后面。词的后面。如如:Soon word came that we won

48、.8.Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill.表示方位、时间或方式的副词或介词短语表示方位、时间或方式的副词或介词短语,如如then,now,here,there,up,down,in,away,off,out,in the room,onthe wall等，置于句首时，主谓等，置于句首时，主谓完全倒装完全倒装。In the window appeared the handwritten sign,“For sale,Irish sheets of first class quality.The low

49、 price of$6.5”.Out rushed the children.In the dark forests _,some large enough to hold several English towns.(05,辽宁辽宁)A.stand many lakes B.lie many lakesC.many lakes lie D.many lakes standB disturbing adj.The news from the front is very disturbing.来自前线的消息令人极为不安。来自前线的消息令人极为不安。disturb vt.扰乱扰乱,使不安使不安,弄

50、乱弄乱;disturbed adj.被扰乱的被扰乱的,感到感到不安的；不安的；disturbing adj.令人不安的。令人不安的。如如:an interesting story 令人感兴趣的故事令人感兴趣的故事 an interested look 感到兴趣的表情感到兴趣的表情 surprised people (感到感到)惊奇的人们惊奇的人们用用disturb,disturbing,disturbed填空。填空。1)Im very _ about Alice.2)Dont _ the papers on my desk.3)This country is in a _ state.4)Wh