2020年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试（新课标Ⅰ卷）英语+答案+全解全析+听力原文纯word版（2020.6.15）.doc

1、2020 年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试（新课标卷） 英 语2020.6.15 本卷满分 150 分，考试时间 120 分钟。 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦 干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。 3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分第一部分 听力（共两节，满分听力（共两节，满分 30 分）分） 第一节（共第一节（共 5 小题；每小题小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分分，满分 7.5 分）分） 听

2、下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A 、B、 C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段 对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例：How much is the shirt? A. 19. 15. B. 9. 18. C. 9. 15. 答案是 C。 1. What does Susie think of her college life? A. Just so so. B. Very bad. C. Satisfying. 2. When will the speakers leave for the party? A. At 6:

3、30. B. At 6:40. C. At 7:00. 3. What will the man do when the second alarm rings? A. Go back to sleep. B. Get ready to go shopping. C. Set off for work. 4. What will the woman do next? A. Go home. B. Continue to work. C. Close her eyes for a while. 5. Why does the man think the new student looks stra

4、nge? A. He always asks questions. B. He seldom speaks. C. He has few friends. 第二节第二节（共共 15 小题，每小题小题，每小题 1.5 分，满分分，满分 22.5 分分） 听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选 项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5 秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时 间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第 6 段材料，回答第 6、7 题。 6. Why does the woman dislike those

5、shoes? A. They are high heels. B. They are too small. C. They are too large. 7. What is the womans suggestion? A. Finding shoes for the man. B. Going to the shop. C. Leaving the sale part. 听第 7 段材料，回答第 8 至 10 题。 8. How does the man use his smart speaker? A. By talking to it. B. By texting on it. C.

6、By touching it. 9. What is the womans attitude to the smart speaker? A. Sceptical. B. Positive. C. Surprised. 10. What is the womans decision? A. Buy a smart home. B. Buy a smart phone. C. Not to buy a smart speaker. 听第 8 段材料，回答第 11 至 13 题。 11. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?

7、 A. Friends. B. Job seeker and agent. C. Employee and manager. 12. What position does the woman apply for? A. Secretary. B. Typist. C. Director. 13. When will the woman finish her trial period? A. In the middle of June. B. In early August. C. In the middle of July. 听第 9 段材料，回答第 14 至 17 题。 14. Why do

8、es the man take his daughter to the doctor? A. She has a fever. B. She coughs. C. Her throat hurts. 15. How long shall Mary take medicine at least? A. Half a week. B. One week. C. Two weeks. 16. Why can Mary take a cool shower? A. It keeps her clean. B. It keeps her cool. C. It reduces the fever. 17

9、. What should the man do if Mary gets worse? A. Take her to the doctor at once. B. Come to the doctor next week. C. Call the doctor regardless. 听第 10 段材料，回答第 18 至 20 题。 18. What kind of disabled people is the thought-controlled car suitable for? A. Those who have either legs or arms. B. Those who ca

10、n think normally. C. Those who cant control their minds. 19. What do researchers think of the future of thought-controlled cars? A. Promising. B. Uncertain. C. Disappointing. 20. What does the speaker mainly talk about? A. People who cant walk. B. Technological progress. C. Thought-controlled vehicl

11、es. 第二部分第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分阅读理解（共两节，满分 40 分）分） 第一节（共第一节（共15小题；每小题小题；每小题2分，满分分，满分30分）分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A BEST BODY FITNESS About us You dont want just gym membership. You want membership that means something. And that means you need support, expert help and a community. Best Body Fitn

12、ess isnt just a gym: its full-service fitness membership made for you. Heres how it works: STEP ONE: Your assessment We begin with an assessment session. This is a chance for you to see what we do at Best Body. Our assessment plans are no-cost and no-risk. Well also make a training plan specifically

13、 for you. STEP TWO: Your training When you decide to become a Best Body member, we show you what to do, how to do it and why you are doing it. After a few sessions with an expert private trainer you will feel comfortable working out on your own. But dont worry, well always be nearby if you have ques

14、tions. STEP THREE: Your membership Membership works on a month-to-month basis. There are no sign-up fees and no cancellation fees. Start and stop whenever you want. And the best part? Our fees are the most competitive in the whole downtown area. STEP FOUR: Your community At Best Body Fitness, we see

15、 everyone as part of a big team. And when you work with a team, you can do great things. Join any of our specialized classes, led by expert instructors. Come to our nutrition classes. Participate in our regular social events. Everything is included in your fee. Finally, share some reasons why our me

16、mbers have chosen us over any other fitness centre in the city. Its so EASY Easy to start, stop, cancel or refund membership Easy to access were open 24/7, we never close Easy to do exercise we have lots of equipment, no long wait Easy to find in the centre of town, near public transport and with pa

17、rking 21. Which statement about Best Body Fitness is correct? A. It provides you with a fitness assessment after training. B. It offers you a customized training plan. C. It allows you to work out without any fees. D. It asks you to work out on your own. 22. What is the best part of Best Body Fitnes

18、s? A. Its price is quite good. B. Its time is enough. C. Its classes are no-risk. D. Its trainers are experienced. 23. What type of writing does this text probably belong to? A. News report. B. Speech. C. Announcement. D. Advertisement. B In her 17 years on this earth, Shreyaa Venkat has done more t

19、o help the planet and the people living on it than many adults. The non-profit organization she founded, NEST4US, has helped tens of thousands of people in the United States. Venkats passion for helping others started as soon as she could walk, as her parents, active volunteers themselves, brought h

20、er along on their various projects. By fifth grade, shed developed such enthusiasm for it that she started organizing her own service projects in her community. When she realized how much food waste there is, how many hungry people there are, and how simple it would be to use the former to help the

21、latter, NEST4US was born. Then, how would she accomplish this huge task? Many kids of her age have a hard time just talking on the phone but talking to strangers is not a problem for Venkat, who says she emails, calls, and talks to business owners in person to ask for donations. From there, voluntee

22、rs pick up the excess food and deliver it to local shelters. “Thankfully there are so many people who want to help, all you have to do is ask them,” she says. Attached to every bag of food or donations is a hand-written note with a message of love, optimism, and sometimes colorful drawings. Venkat k

23、new these people needed more than just food, and they needed care. So she gathered volunteers aged 4 to 70 to write the messages which are then attached to the donations. Recently a homeless man at a shelter approached her to say that he had kept every single one of the notes hed gotten, saying, “Th

24、ey really help lift me up, to know people care about me.” The notes may be a small “extra” but they provide that human touch. “To everyone who says they dont know how to help, I tell them to write notes of encouragement anyone, anywhere can do this and it really does mean a lot,” she says. 24. How d

25、oes NEST4US help? A. It helps get rid of family waste. B. It provides food for people in need. C. It calls on nations to fight starvation. D. It encourages people to live healthily. 25. We can infer that a hand-written note is intended to _. A. inspire peoples love for charity B. help people see the

26、ir own strengths C. inform people of the source of help D. show people that they are cared about 26. Which of the following can best describe Venkat as a volunteer? A. Humorous and ambitious. B. Cautious and thoughtful. C. Outgoing and caring. D. Demanding and creative. 27. Whats the main idea of th

27、e text? A. A girl develops her enthusiasm for her work. B. A girl solves the problem of food shortage. C. A girl lifts the poor up just with food. D. A girl helps the hungry with her organization. C Scientists have discovered that rats have adapted to modern human life, even adapting their diets to

28、the cities they live in. The scientists claim that it could be possible that humans and rats have had similar changes in their genetic make-up, due to modern city life. The downside of the changes in the DNA is that they could make rats susceptible to the same health problems as humans, such as poll

29、utants and sugary foods. The study showed that rats diets have also adapted to their environment. In New York, you can see them eat bagels and beer; in Paris, they like croissants and butter. They adapt in amazing ways. The scientists also analyzed the genomes of 29 New York rats and compared them w

30、ith those of nine brown rats from Heilongjiang Province, north-east China. The finding showed that dozens of rat genes had been through major DNA changes over the centuries, as the rats spread from Asia to Europe and America, and from the countryside and into cities. The changed genes were associate

31、d with diet, behavior, and movement, which added pressures and challenges for the rat to overcome. This could reflect the fact that urban rats have to move through highly artificial environments that are very different from natural habitats. So these gene changes might have evolved to help them move

32、 more easily through underground channels and pipes. As the rats are closely associated with city-living humans, the scientists believe that it is possible that similar changes have happened in both species. In October 2019, scientists used rats to successfully test an enzyme(酶) that could be used t

33、o help people quit smoking. Two groups of rats were trained to self-administer nicotine, and over two weeks their nicotine intakes increased, suggesting addiction. Then, one group of rats was given the enzyme, which led to a decreased nicotine intake. The scientists say that the enzyme could be deve

34、loped for human use in the future. 28. Which of the following best explains the underlined phrase “susceptible to” in paragraph 2? A. Not likely to be cured. B. Being disease-resistant. C. Very likely to be affected. D. Being thoroughly exposed. 29. What does the author intend to show in the third p

35、aragraph? A. Rats in the city are particular about their food. B. Rats in different cities have different genetic make-up. C. Rats are distributed in every continent of the earth. D. Rats have been adapting to the environment since ancient times. 30. What is the purpose of testing an enzyme on rats?

36、 A. To explore rats survival ability. B. To help people stop smoking. C. To learn more about city rats. D. To tell apart nicotine and enzyme. 31. What is the best title of this text? A. Rats Have Adapted to Modern Human Life B. Rats in the City Have Varieties of Diets C. Rats Are More Adaptable than

37、 Humans D. Rats Have Similar Genetic Make-up to Humans D A new study found that some methods for measuring a species generation time might underestimate(低估) the likelihood that some species will die out. A species generation time is how long it takes for a generation to be replaced by its mature off

38、spring （后代） . This is different for every species and dramatically impacts how quickly a species can respond to changes in their environment. The generation time of a mouse is only a few months, whereas the African elephant has a generation time of 22 years. The longer the generation time, the slowe

39、r a species can adapt to environmental changes and may, therefore, be more likely to die out. In some risk assessment models, population reduction is measured on the scale（范围） of three times a species generation time. If a species is believed to mature and produce offspring in five years, then how m

40、uch its population has declined will be measured over a 15-year interval. But if a species generation time is underestimated, so is the threat status of the species. We tested the influence of errors in different measures of generation time, including those used by the IUCN Red List assessments and

41、found that these errors could potentially lead to an overly optimistic assessment of extinction risk for some species. To overcome this, we compared different types of errors in seven commonly used measures of generation time. We propose a new estimate which predicts a species generation time from i

42、ts body mass and reproductive lifespan. Still, the lack of data is a thorny problem for making accurate calculations. Were planning to explore how to fill some of these knowledge gaps by comparing survival and reproduction data from wild and captive populations, using data from nearly 1,200 zoos and

43、 aquariums over 40 years, on more than 21,000 species. 32. What can we know from the second paragraph? A. Elephants are less endangered than mice. B. Mice have longer generation time than elephants. C. Mice are more adaptable than elephants. D. Elephants are more advanced than mice. 33. How should A

44、frican elephants population reduction be measured? A. On a range of 15 years. B. On a range of 22 years. C. On a range of 44 years. D. On a range of 66 years. 34. What is the result of underestimating the generation time of some species? A. Overestimating their survival. B. Causing them to die out q

45、uickly. C. Ignoring their danger to humans. D. Accelerating their reproduction. 35. What will the researchers do next? A. Doing experiments. B. Analyzing more data. C. Counting animals in zoos. D. Popularizing animal knowledge. 第二节第二节（共共 5 小题；每小题小题；每小题 2 分，分，满分满分 10 分分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

46、选项中有两项为多余选项。 As we all know, exercise provides a wealth of benefits. It makes you stronger, more flexible, and more energetic. 36 According to recent studies, the answer is YES. By using your mind in fun, new ways, you can improve your memory well into old age and dramatically reduce your risk of Al

47、zheimers disease. Recent studies have found that the best thing you can do for your brain is to keep learning new things. 37 Theres the physical activity that keeps your body in good working order activities like walking, biking, and gardening. Passive activities include watching TV, watching movies

48、, and listening to music. Its the activities in the third group, however, that really boost your brains juices. These intellectual activities include reading, writing, creating artwork, and puzzle-solving. 38 Studies have shown that people who are less mentally active in their younger years, between

49、 ages twenty and sixty, are four times more likely to develop Alzheimers. In other words, youre never too young to give your mind a workout. 39 Studies have shown that fruits and vegetables high in antioxidants can help keep an aging brain in good shape. Aim for purple fruits and vegetables like blueberries, cranberries, plums, and prunes. Foods that are high in B vitamins