《出版社通信英语》课件5G.pptx

1、 5G5G(from 5th Generation)is the latest generation of cellular mobile communications.5G performance targets high data rate,reduced latency,energy saving,cost reduction,higher system capacity,and massive device connectivity.The first phase of 5G specifications in Release-15 will be completed by April

2、 2019 to accommodate the early commercial deployment.performance n.性能，绩效，表演latency n.延迟，时延，潜伏massive a.大量的，大规模的，巨大的connectivity n.连通性，互联互通specification n.规格，说明书，详述The second phase in Release-16 is due to be completed by April 2020 for submission to the International Telecommunication Union(ITU)as a

3、candidate of IMT-2020 technology.5G will connect everything,and benefit all walks of life.It will combine big data,cloud computing,artificial intelligence,and many other innovative technologies to accelerate the arrival of a golden age of information over the next 10 years.submission n.屈服，提交，服从benef

4、it n.利益，好处artificial a.人工的，人造的intelligence n.智力，智能，情报innovative a.创新的革新的With the tide of IOT(Internet of Things),more and more mobile smart devicesbesides smart phones will access to the mobile Internet.The next generationmobile communication system,which is also known as the 5TH generation(5G)，will

5、 offers three types of scenarios:First,the enhanced mobile broadband(eMBB)aims to provide broadband multimedia to human-centric use cases.Second,the ultra-reliable low latency service(URLLC)with strict requirements in terms of latency(ms level)and reliability(five nines and beyond).smart a.聪明的，机灵的，巧

6、妙的scenarios n.场景，情节，脚本URLLC is used for remote control of robots or tactile Internet applications.Third,massive machine type communications(mMTC),mainly used to connect a very large number of devices and transmitting a low volume of non-delay sensitive information.It is believed that the total throu

7、ghput will grow 1000 times from 2010 to 2020 and the number of devices will grow to 500 billion.robot n.机器人，机械手，遥控设备tactile a.触觉的，有触觉的sensitive a.敏感的，感觉的，易受影响的In order to achieve the capacity grows,5G cells have to be densely deployed,about 40 x to 50 x times as many as 4G networks.Because of the ap

8、plication ofnew air interface techniques,varied services and terminals,a typical 5G nodehas about 2000 parameters to be configured.5G planning also aims at lowerlatency and lower energy consumption,for better implementation of Internet of Things(IoT).interface n.界面，接口parameter n.参数，系数，参量configure v.

9、配置，设置consumption n.消费，消耗implementation n.实现，实施，执行More specifically,there are eight advanced features of 5G wireless systems：110 Gbps connections to end points in the field,1 millisecond latency,1000 x bandwidth per unit area,10100 x number of connected devices,99.999%availability,100%coverage,90%red

10、uction of network energy usage and up to ten years battery life for low power devices.battery n.电池，蓄电池5G networks achieve these higher data rates by using higher frequency radio waves,in the millimeter wave band around 28 and 39 GHz while previous cellular networks used frequencies in the microwave

11、band between 700 MHz and 3 GHz.A second lower frequency range in the microwave band,below 6 GHz,will be used by some providers,but this will not have the high speeds of the new frequencies.Because of the more plentiful bandwidth at these frequencies,5G networks will use wider frequency channels to c

12、ommunicate with the wireless device,up to 400 MHz compared with 20 MHz in 4G LTE,which can transmit more data(bits)per second.OFDM(orthogonal frequency division multiplexing)modulation is used,in which multiple carrier waves are transmitted in the frequency channel,so multiple bits of information ar

13、e being transferred simultaneously,in parallel.plentiful a.丰富的，许多的orthogonal a.正交的，直角的modulation n.调制，调整simultaneously ad.同时地Millimeter waves are absorbed by gases in the atmosphere and have shorter range than microwaves,therefore the cells are limited to smaller size;5G cells will be the size of a

14、city block,as opposed to the cells in previous cellular networks which could be many miles across.absorb v.吸收，吸引atmosphere n.气氛，大气 The waves also have trouble passing through building walls,requiring multiple antennas to cover a cell.Millimeter wave antennas are smaller than the large antennas used

15、in previous cellular networks,only a few inches long,so instead of a cell tower 5G cells will be covered by many antennas mounted on telephone poles and buildings.antenna n.天线，触角Another technique used for increasing the data rate is massive MIMO(multiple-input multiple-output).Each cell will have mu

16、ltiple antennas communicating with the wireless device,each over a separate frequency channel,received by multiple antennas in the device,thus multiple bitstreams of data will be transmitted simultaneously,in parallel.beamform v.波束形成In a technique called beamforming the base station computer will co

17、ntinuously calculate the best route for radio waves to reach each wireless device,and will organize multiple antennas to work together as phased arrays to create beams of millimeter waves to reach the device.phase n.相位，阶段array n.数组，阵列，排列The smaller,more numerous cells makes 5G network infrastructure

18、 more expensive to build per square kilometer of coverage than previous cellular networks.Deployment is currently limited to cities,where there will be enough users per cell to provide an adequate investment return,and there are doubts about whether this technology will ever reach rural areas.infras

19、tructure n.基础设施，基础结构5Gin combination with other technologies such as artificial intelligence(AI),Internet of Things(IoT),blockchain,augmented reality(AR),and virtual reality(VR)is likely to be a transformative force in the e-commerce industry and market.blockchain n.区块链augment v.增加，增大virtual a.虚拟的A

20、study found that 70 percent of retailers worldwide were ready to adopt IoT to improve consumer experiences.There are a number of ways in which e-commerce activities can benefit from IoT.For instance,IoT makes it easy to track inventory in real time and manage it more effectively.By doing so,human er

21、rors can be reduced.IoT can also help minimize waste,control costs,and reduce shortage.Inventory 存货Vast amounts of unstructured data are created by IoT devices,and the amount of data created is growing twice as fast as the available bandwidth.It is estimated that by 2020,a network capacity that is a

22、t least 1,000 times the level of 2016 will be needed.The amount of communication that needs to be handled will also increase exponentially.estimate v.估计，估量exponentially ad.指数地，按指数方式地The Internet of things is the foundation for the commercial use of 5G and the purpose of developing 5G is to bring con

23、venience to our production and life.And the Internet of things provides a platform for 5G to fulfill its potential.On this stage,5G can play a powerful role through many IoT applications,such as smart agriculture,smart logistics,smart home,Internet of vehicles,smart city,etc.VR and AR are likely to

24、emerge as driving forces in the e-commerce industry and market.By wearing a VR headset,a shopper can instantly find herself in a companys virtual shop,where she can“walk”around to explore items exactly as she would in the real shop.For instance,if she wants to know more about a new piece of jewelry

25、in the shop,she can focus her sight on that item and see the relevant information needed to make a purchasing decision.If she wants to buy it,she can make the payment or add it to her cart and look for additional items.cart n.小车，购物车The complexity and richness of the AR and VR worlds require processi

26、ng a large quantity of data.Current 4G networks standards suffer from some limitations such as those related to bandwidth,latency,and uniformity,especially when the data needs to be fed remotely.In this regard,5G is likely to unlock the full potential of VR and AR technologies.5Gs significantly fast

27、er speeds and lower latency would help overcome these weaknesses.5G streams transmission delay is about 1 millisecond,which is much shorter than human beings can notice.5Gs almost zero delay in transmission is thus likely to enrich customers experiences with AR and VR plexity n.复杂，复杂性uniformity n.均匀

28、性，一致性Sophisticated applications of blockchain to facilitate e-commerce activities have been or are being developed.JD.com has implemented blockchain in its supply-chain management system and B2B e-commerce.In 2017,the system went live with beef manufacturer Kerchin as its first supply-chain partner.

29、The company announced that JD.com would have more than 10 brands of alcohol,food,tea,and pharmaceutical products on its blockchain by the end of October 2017.sophisticated a.复杂的，精细的，精致的facilitate v.促进，使容易pharmaceutical a.制药的One of the most high-profile future uses of blockchain is likely to be smart

30、 contracts.Online vendors can use smart contracts to automate fulfillment of orders for the delivery of digital products.In smart contracts that are executed on the blockchain,5G can play a key role in feeding the information(for example,from IoT devices)more efficiently.AI-enabled devices are alrea

31、dy playing important roles in helping consumers in e-commerce activities such as making buying decisions and tracking products.For instance,virtual assistants are transforming the way consumers purchase products online.Amazons personal assistant Alexa has been integrated into Amazon products as well

32、 as those from other manufacturers.Customers can use Alexa to find information about local concerts through eBays online ticket exchange company StubHub.In addition,they can arrange transportation to the event via Uber and order pre-event dinner from Dominos.The order status can be tracked in real time.