2022版高考英语一轮复习选修8Unit2Cloning学案含解析新人教版.doc
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1、Unit 2 Cloning单元主题语境人与社会之科技发展与信息技术创新, 科学精神,信息安全(2018高考某某卷)话题:3D食物打印 词数:383 难度:Theres a new frontier in 3D printing thats beginning to e into focus: food. Recent development has made possible machines that print, cook, and serve foods on a mass scale. And the industry isnt stopping there.Food product
2、ionWith a 3D printer, a cook can print plicated chocolate sculptures and beautiful pieces for decoration on a wedding cake. Not everybody can do thatit takes years of experience, but a printer makes it easy. A restaurant in Spain uses a Foodini to “recreate forms and pieces” of food that are “exactl
3、y the same,” freeing cooks to plete other tasks. In another restaurant, all of the dishes and desserts it serves are 3Dprinted, rather than farm to table.Sustainability (可持续性)The global population is expected to grow to 9.6 billion by 2050, and some analysts estimate that food production will need t
4、o be raised by 50 percent to maintain current levels. Sustainability is being a necessity. 3D food printing could probably contribute to the solution. Some experts believe printers could use hydrocolloids (水解胶体) from plentiful renewables like algae (藻类) and grass to replace the familiar ingredients
5、(烹饪原料).3D printing can reduce fuel use and emissions. Grocery stores of the future might stock “food” that lasts years on end, freeing up shelf space and reducing transportation and storage requirements.NutritionFuture 3D food printers could make processed food healthier. Hod Lipson, a professor at
6、Columbia University, said, “Food printing could allow consumers to print food with customized nutritional content, like vitamins. So instead of eating a piece of yesterdays bread from the supermarket, youd eat something baked just for you on demand.”ChallengesDespite recent advancements in 3D food p
7、rinting, the industry has many challenges to overe. Currently, most ingredients must be changed to a paste (糊状物) before a printer can use them, and the printing process is quite timeconsuming, because ingredients interact with each other in very plex ways. On top of that, most of the 3D food printer
8、s now are restricted to dry ingredients, because meat and milk products may easily go bad. Some experts are skeptical about 3D food printers, believing they are better suited for fast food restaurants than homes and highend restaurants.语篇解读本文是一篇科普说明文。文章主要介绍了3D打印技术的新发展:打印食物,并详细介绍了与3D打印相关的食品生产、可持续发展、营
9、养以及面临的挑战。46What benefit does 3D printing bring to food production?AIt helps cooks to create new dishes.BIt saves time and effort in cooking.CIt improves the cooking conditions.DIt contributes to restaurant decorations.解析:推理判断题。根据Food production标题下第二句中的“it takes years of experience, but a printer mak
10、es it easy”可知,利用3D打印机打印食物省时省力。答案:B47What can we learn about 3D food printing from paragraph 3?AIt solves food shortages easily.BIt quickens the transportation of food.CIt needs no space for the storage of food.DIt uses renewable materials as sources of food.解析:推理判断题。根据“from plentiful renewables like
11、 algae and.”可知,打印食物的原料是可再生的。答案:D48According to paragraph 4, 3Dprinted food .Ais more available to consumersBcan meet individual nutritional needsCis more tasty than food in supermarketsDcan keep all the nutrition in raw materials解析:推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Food printing could allow consumers to print food with
12、 customized nutritional content, like vitamins.”可知,3D打印机打印食物可以满足个人的营养需求,故答案为B。答案:B49What is the main factor that prevents 3D food printing from spreading widely?AThe printing process is plicated.B3D food printers are too expensive.CFood materials have to be dry.DSome experts doubt 3D food printing.解
13、析:细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“On top of that, most of the 3D food printers now are restricted to dry ingredients.”可知,选项C正确。答案:C50What could be the best title of the passage?A3D Food Printing: Delicious New TechnologyBA New Way to Improve 3D Food PrintingCThe Challenges for 3D Food ProductionD3D Food Printing: Fr
14、om Farm to Table解析:标题归纳题。本文介绍了3D食物打印机的相关信息,谈到其发展现状,它使用的原料有利于食物的可持续发展,人们可以根据自己的营养需求来私人定制食物,但是其发展也受到某些限制。故应选A项“3D食物打印:美味的新技术”。答案:A一、语言能力熟词生义/ 词类活用1cook n厨师2form n. 形状3current adj.当前的4last v持续二、思维品质1阅读技巧借助关键句、段进行推理判断有些推理判断题的解答需要对较多信息进行阅读和推理。因此,解题时应认真阅读试题题干,回到原文找到与题目有逻辑关系的关键句或关键段,并借助其进行推理判断,看与哪一个备选项的内容在
15、意义与逻辑上吻合。例如第47题,根据第三段中的“Some experts believe printers could use hydrocolloids from plentiful renewables like algae and grass to replace the familiar ingredients.”可知,3D打印机可以使用可再生的原料作为食物来源。故选D。再例如第48题,根据本段中的“Food printing could allow consumers to print food with customized nutritional content.youd eat
16、 something baked just for you on demand.”可知,消费者可以根据自己的需求定制化地做出自己需要的食品来满足自己的需求。故选B。2分析长难句并翻译句子Recent development has made possible machines that print, cook and serve foods on a mass scale.分析that引导定语从句,修饰先行词possible machines, that在从句中作主语。翻译近来的发展已经使得可用于大规模地打印、烹制和供应食品的机器出现。三、文化素养思考:通过阅读这篇文章,你认为3D打印机的优势
17、到底在哪儿?3D打印机的优势在于成本少、可以做出传统技术做不出来的外形、打印出来的东西重量轻。3D打印技术最突出的优点是无需机械加工或任何模具,就能直接从计算机图形数据中生成任何形状的零件,从而极大地缩短产品的研制周期,提高生产率和降低生产成本。与传统技术相比,通过摒弃生产线而降低了成本,大幅减少了材料浪费。授课提示:对应学生用书第233页NO.1单词在语境中应用,在拓展中记多01核心单词先识记请根据汉语提示完成下列词块1strike her on the head打在她头上2owe him ten dollars欠他10美元3attain success获得成功4obtain a prize
18、得奖5undertake experiments着手做实验6forbid sb.to smoke禁止某人吸烟7bother with trifles为小事而烦恼8object to the proposal反对这个提议9cast a smile 投以微笑10a vain girl一个虚荣心强的女孩子再拓展请填入括号内单词的正确形式1Our teacher is good at making plicated problems simple to grasp, and he believes that plication is not good for his students.(plicate
19、)2The purpose of education is not only the accumulation of knowledge. And it also means accumulating intelligence as well as abilities. (accumulate)3From their appearance, we cannot tell the differences between the twins, but the ways they walk are different. And they also differ in their voices. (d
20、iffer)4Grey decided to move to the countryside and his mother made no objection to it while his father objected to it. (object)5I like to decorate my house with welldesigned decorations,because I think they will make my rooms more artistic. (decorate)6Nowadays few of us can resist the temptation of
21、smartphones, for the convenience they bring to our life makes anyone trying to be resistant to them finally quit his or her resistance. (resist) 7The professor living in the big city retired last year. After his retirement,he settled down in the beautiful countryside. (retire)8In my view, what he sa
22、id is reasonable,because there are no other reasons that we can give to fire him from the pany. (reason)02阅读单词标注不认识的单词,回查单词表重新记忆accumulatestraightforwardarbitrary mediummercial procedurecarrier fateimpact moralturkey adorehatch operaflour clawinitial restorefeather plicatedconservative constitutionp
23、ulsory identicalchorusNO.2短语在拼写中记牢,在联想中积累必会短语请根据汉语提示完成下列词块1bring back to life 使复生;使复活2pay off 得到好结果;取得成功;偿清3from time to time 不时;偶尔4in good/poor condition 状况很好/坏5in vain 白费力气;枉费心机6cast down 使失望;使沮丧7in favour of the plan支持这项计划8be bound to like it一定会喜欢它词汇积累1学会“反对”和“拒绝”object vi.反对oppose v反对against pre
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