2021年高考英语的阅读理解专项训练及解析.doc

1、2021年高考英语的阅读理解专项训练及解析一、高考英语阅读理解专项训练1阅读理解 A few years back I worked in a university building that also housed a department full of psychologists, all of whom seemed to see us as perfect guinea pigs(豚鼠) for their latest theories. If an eager graduate student showed up in my office bearing desserts and

2、 asked me to pick one, Id cast a careful glance and ask Why? before grabbing the apple pie. So one day, when someone from the Psychology Department posted instructions in the bathroom persuading all of us to Think about five things for which youre grateful every day for a week! my response was frank

3、ly doubtful. I did the math. Five things a day for seven days is a lot of brainpower to expend without so much as the promise of an apple pie. I wandered into the office of Heidi Zetzer, the director of our schools Psychological Services Clinic. Whats with the gratitude thing? I asked. You dont ask

4、an academic questioneven a simple one unless youre prepared for a long answer. Heidi came alive, and I sat down. Thats when I first heard the term positive psychology. The gratitude thing, as I had called it, was but one small and simple element of the practice. Kind of like training the brain to fo

5、cus on joy, my friend Heidi explained. Its only a week, she urged. Try it. I did. And guess what? It worked. Every day for a week, I found five distinct things for which I was thankful. They had to be different every day. I couldnt get away with just being grateful for my wonderful husband. But I co

6、uld, suggested Collie Conoley, another positive psychologist, express my gratitude for specific aspects of a certain person each day. Hes a great cook. He always puts our family first. Life will never be perfect. I still see new stories that annoy me. The traffic in my city is maddening. I wish I co

7、uld speed up my recovery. But with just one simple exercise, Im rediscovering the peace of that old saying: accepting the things I cant change, working without complaint to change what I can, and being wise enough to know the difference. And all it took was a little gratitude.（1）Whats the authors at

8、titude toward the student with desserts? A.Cautious.B.Respectful.C.Indifferent.D.Supportive.（2）Why was the author doubtful about the instructions? A.Because she thought it wasnt worth the effort.B.Because she didnt like expressing thanks often.C.Because she needed to ask her friend to do it first.D.

9、Because she could do five things every day easily.（3）What does Collie Conoley suggest the author should do? A.Be grateful to her wonderful husband.B.Be thankful for things but not people.C.Be a great cook and put her family first.D.Be specific about what shes thankful for.（4）Whats the best title for

10、 the text? A.Dont Be Bothered by Small ThingsB.We Can Change Everything If We WantC.Practicing Gratitude Changed My LifeD.Being Grateful to One Good Person【答案】 （1）A（2）A（3）D（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，在一个星期的时间里，作者坚持每天都能发现五件她特别感激的事情，而且每天都有所不同。生活永远不会完美。但通过这么一个简单的练习，作者重新发现了那句老话的平和：接受我不能改变的事情，毫无怨言地去改变我能改变的，并

11、且足够明智地知道两者的区别。这只需要一点感激之情。 （1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“If an eager graduate student showed up in my office bearing desserts and asked me to pick one, Id cast a careful glance and ask Why? before grabbing the apple pie.”如果一个心急的研究生拿着甜点出现在我的办公室，让我挑选一种，在抓苹果派之前，我会仔细地看一眼，然后问“为什么?”可知，作者在抓苹果派之前，会仔细地看一眼，然后问“为什么?”。可知，作者

12、对带甜点的学生持有谨慎的态度。故选A。 （2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“my response was frankly doubtful. I did the math. Five things a day for seven days is a lot of brainpower to expend without so much as the promise of an apple pie.”我的反应坦率地说是怀疑的。我算了算。连续7天每天做5件事，甚至连吃苹果派的承诺都没有，那就太费脑力了。可推知，作者认为对“连续7天每天做5件事”的要求充满怀疑，认为太费脑力、不值得去做。故选A。

13、（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“But I could, suggested Collie Conoley, another positive psychologist, express my gratitude for specific aspects of a certain person each day. Hes a great cook. He always puts our family first.”但是另一位积极心理学家柯利康诺利建议道，我可以每天对一个人的某些方面表达我的感激之情。他是个很棒的厨师。他总是把我们的家庭放在第一位。可知，柯利康诺利建议作者每天对一个人的某些方

14、面表达感激之情。由此可知，柯利康诺利建议作者具体说明她感激什么。故选D。 （4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“But with just one simple exercise, Im rediscovering the peace of that old saying: accepting the things I cant change, working without complaint to change what I can, and being wise enough to know the difference.”但通过一个简单的练习，我重新发现了那句老话的平和：接受我不能改变

15、的事情，毫无怨言地去改变我能改变的，并且足够明智地知道两者的区别）可知，练习表达感激，改变了作者的观念和生活。由此可知选C。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇人生感悟类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息。并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。2阅读理解 FaceApp has taken the world by storm, giving users the chance to see themselves age through its algorithm. 12.7 million peoplesome three million more than the

16、 population of New York Cityreportedly downloaded it in one seven-day period last month. Although the Russian app has become known for its privacy issues, the more interesting lesson of our FaceApp fling (尽情玩乐)is what it tells us about our societyand our future lives. It turns out we are more intere

17、sted in aging than we realized. Im surprised by this. Most younger people are in denial (否认)about old age, doing almost nothing to prepare for it. We rarely have a chance to plan for the future, with increasing time and financial pressures. Those pressures bring sacrifices that we may not always wan

18、t to make: we can no longer afford to spend the time or the money needed to look after our elderly parents. As a family doctor, I can see the loneliness epidemic developing. Elderly patients come to see me with no particular illness, no clear medical issue. After a few minutes of the consultation, I

19、 understand why: theyre not sick, and often they dont feel sick. They just need someoneanyone-to talk to. Although loneliness has no medical classification, the health effects are real: the result of loneliness and isolation can be as harmful to our health as smoking 15 cigarettes a day, and is more

20、 damaging than obesity. But loneliness does not come with nearly enough health warnings. So what next? Since 1980, we are living on average 10 years longer. At the same time, people are having fewer and fewer children, and they are having them much later in life. The snake of a world class health se

21、rvice is eating its own tail; its care is prolonging (延长) peoples lives, but as the ratio of pensioners(退休人员)to working -age people increases, there are fewer taxpayers to fund that very health service. Into this void have stepped NGOs, charities and volunteers. But in the long term, the only way to

22、 truly help the oldest meters of our society is to go back to the traditional values of intergenerational(两代间的) cooperationoften under same roof. Ultimately, we will need to evolve towards a culture where elderly care is treated the same as childcare, where employers recognize the duty of someone wi

23、th an elderly parent the same way they recognize those of someone with a newborn child.（1）The example of FaceApp is used to _. A.prove the popularity of itB.explain the function of itC.show the progress of technologyD.introduce the topic of aging and loneliness（2）What makes elderly people without il

24、lness go to see their family doctors? A.Desire to have the consultation.B.Strong feeling of loneliness.C.Unclear medical issues.D.Questions to ask doctors.（3）How can the oldest members be truly helped? A.By being treated as children.B.By going back to the traditional society.C.By providing family ca

25、re.D.By living with other elderly people under the same roof.（4）What can we learn from the passage? A.The loneliness of elderly people needs more attention.B.FaceApps popularity proves it has no security problems.C.Health service lacks fund because of prolonged peopled lives.D.FaceApp is helpful in

26、dealing with elderly peopled loneliness.【答案】 （1）D（2）B（3）C（4）A 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，作者由FaceApp话题谈到当今的社会现象老人感到孤独，他们需要关注。作者认为孤独虽不是病，但它能影响人的健康，所以他呼吁人们像关注新生儿那样关注老人。 （1）考查推理判断。根据第一段FaceApp has taken the world by storm, giving users the chance to see themselves age through its algorithm. 12.7 million peoplesom

27、e three million more than the population of New York Cityreportedly downloaded it in one seven-day period last month. “；第二段中的”.the more interesting lesson of our FaceApp fling (尽情玩乐）is what it tells us about our societyand our future lives. It turns out we are more interested in aging than we realiz

28、ed.“可知，FaceApp已经风靡全球，用户有机会通过它的算法看到自己的年龄。据报道，在上个月的七天时间里，有1270万人下载了这本书，比纽约市的人口多了300万。它告诉了我们关于我们的社会和我们未来的生活。事实证明，我们对衰老的兴趣比我们意识到的更大。作为一名家庭医生，我可以看到孤独感的蔓延。所以FaceApp主要的功能是通过它的算法使用户看到自己的年龄，接着讲述老人所面临的问题孤独和衰老。故判断出FaceApp的例子是用来介绍衰老和孤独的话题。故选D。 （2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的”As a family doctor, I can see the loneliness epide

29、mic developing. Elderly patients come to see me with no particular illness, no clear medical issue. “可知老人经常去看家庭医生是因为孤独，他们没有生病，只想找人聊聊。故选B。 （3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的”But in the long term, the only way to truly help the oldest members of our society is to go back to the traditional values of intergenerational

30、（两代间的） cooperationoften under same roof. Ultimately, we will need to evolve towards a culture where elderly care is treated the same as childcare“,可知从长期来看我们帮助老年成员的方法是和他们一起居住，并且给予他们婴儿般的关爱。故选C。 （4）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的”But loneliness does not come with nearly enough health warnings.“可知老人孤独并没有带来足够的健康警示，故推断人们孤

31、独的老人应该得到更多的关注，选A。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。3阅读理解 A story posted by The New York Post Monday tells the tale of Katrina Holte, a Hillsboro woman who quit her job to cosplay a 1950s housewife. Let me start by expressing admiration to Holte for using her 2

32、019 freedoms to follow her 1950s dreams. Everyone should be so lucky as to get to decide what they wear and how they spend their time. Thats the future our foremothers fought for. But as much fun as I am sure she is having living a vintage (复古的) life, which literally includes watching shows like I L

33、ove Lucy and listening to vinyl recordings (刻录碟片), I think its important to remember that being a 1950s housewife was actually totally awful, and something our grandmothers and mothers fought against. For example, once I called my grandma and asked her for her recipe for Cloud Biscuits, these delici

34、ous biscuits she used to make that we would cover with butter and homemade raspberry jam on Thanksgiving. Why would you want that? she said. Go to the store. Go to the freezer section. Buy some pre-made biscuits and put them in the oven. She straight-up refused to give me the recipe, because it was

35、hard and took a long time to make. In her mind, it was a waste of time. Getting off the phone, it occurred to me that spending every day of your life serving a husband and five children wasnt fun at all. And then there are the grandchildren who eventually come along demanding Cloud Biscuits, a whole

36、 new expanded set of people to feed. She was basically a slave to those hungry mouths, cooking scratch meals three times a day. When she wasnt trapped in the kitchen, she had to keep the house clean, make sure she looked good enough to be socially acceptable, and make sure her kids and husband looke

37、d good enough to be socially acceptable. And she had no days off. I know my grandma loves her kids and her grandkids, her husband and the life she led, but man, it must have been a lot of thankless, mindless labor. No wonder everyone went all-in on processed foods when they came around. Imagine the

38、nice break something like a microwave dinner would give a woman working, unpaid, for her family every single day? I also had another grandma. She was a scholar who helped found the Center for the Study of Women in Society at University of Oregon. She was a pioneering second-wave feminist who wrote b

39、ooks, gave lectures and traveled the world. But, she did all of that after divorcing my grandpa, when most of her kids were out of the house. Back then, in the 1950s and the 1960s, there was no illusion about women having it all. How could that even possibly happen? If you were taking care of a fami

40、ly, waiting on your husband, you had no time to follow your dreams, unless you made that your dream. A lot of women took that approach. We call it Stockholm Syndrome now. And of course, these women I am talking about are upper-middle-class white women. Romanticizing the 1950s is especially disgustin

41、g when you think about how women of color and poor women were treated back then, and the lack of education and choices available to them. Because the women in this country demanded something approaching equality, Holte has the chance to live out her fantasy. Not every woman in America is so lucky. W

42、e still dont have pay equality and in many states, we still dont have autonomy over our own bodies. Poor women and women of color still lack the opportunities of their wealthy and white peers. And while its getting better, women are still expected to be responsible for the emotional labor of running

43、 a household and raising the children. But at least we can get jobs. At least we dont have to sew our own clothes, wear a full face of makeup every day and spend hours making Cloud Biscuits some ungrateful kid will wolf down, barely remembering to say thank you.（1）According to the author, what is th

44、e future our foremothers fought for? A.Watching shows like I Love Lucy and listening to vinyl recordings.B.Having the freedom to make choices in their daily life.C.Making Cloud Biscuits for their kids and husbands.D.Making sure their kids and husbands socially acceptable.（2）What does the underlined

45、word that in paragraph 13 refer to? A.Writing books, giving lectures and traveling the world.B.Divorcing husband when kids were out of house.C.Taking care of a family and waiting on husband.D.Womens illusion about having it all.（3）What does the Stockholm Syndrome in paragraph 14 really mean in the p

46、assage? A.Women have been used to the unfair treatment at homeB.Women nowadays like the way of life in the 1950s.C.Victims end up sympathizing with the abusers.D.Women have the chance to live out their dreams.（4）The author thinks of the life of a 1950s housewife as _. A.fantasticB.admirableC.awfulD.unforgettable（5）What can we learn from the passage? A.It was a waste of time to give grandchildren the recipe.B.All women are not lucky to follow their own dreams in America now.C.Housewives received recognition for their efforts from family members.D.The upper-middle-clas