2022届广东省四校第一次联考英语试题（教师版超详细解析）.docx

1、2022届广东省四校第一次联考英语【教师版】考试时间120分钟，总分120分注意事项：1.答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号等相关信息填写在试卷和答题卡上的指定位置。2.选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。3.非选择题的作答：用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内，写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。4.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并上交。第一部分 阅读理解（共两节 满分50分）第一节 （共15小题 每题2.5分 满分37.5分）ABrooklyn Ch

2、ildrens MuseumFounded in 1899 as the countrys first museum specifically made for children, today BCM is comprehensive, with a permanent collection of 30,000 objects, including musical instruments, masks and dolls. Kids love the interactive World Brooklyn, a small cityscape（城市风光）lined by stores where

3、 children can pretend to be working grown-ups.Childrens Museum of ManhattanLooking for interactive art that welcomes curious minds? Then head to Inside Art, the current show up at CMOM, which lets your little ones climb in and over and all around the exhibits. Its ideas like this that make the 40,00

4、0-square-foot so special. Learning about culture, history and science is a pride for kids aged six and under. CMOM also hosts classeslike Gross Biology for kids who are interested in insects-all designed with the latest child-development research in mind.DiMenna Childrens History MuseumThe hands-on

5、displays at this kid-focused arm of the New York Historical Society transport children back through 350 years of US history, with a special focus on NYCChildren are encouraged to climb around and interact with exhibits that highlight the lives of kids who grew up to become famous doctors, athletes a

6、nd political figures! Little New Yorkers can get in on sing-alongs and crafts. Other family programs include cookings classes, games and story hours.Staten Island Childrens MuseumStaten Island Childrens Museum nurtures（培养）creativity. It offers hands-on experiences like the Block Harbor（plenty of blo

7、cks to play with!）, larger-than-life games like Connect Four and Dominoes, and even the opportunity to climb through a human-sized anthill or play firefighter at Ladder 11, so youll find immersive（沉浸式的）fun around every corner. Dont forget to stop by Green Living Room powered by the wind energy where

8、 the kids can learn about ways to reduce our carbon footprint.1Which museum provides biology classes for kids?ABrooklyn Childrens Museum.BStaten Island Childrens Museum.CChildrens Museum of Manhattan.DDiMenna Childrens History Museum.2What can kids do in DiMenna Childrens History Museum?APlay intere

9、sting games with great firefighters.BKnow about famous peoples childhood lives.CRun stores like adults in different small streets.DCook delicious local food with foreign athletes.3Where can kids learn how to protect the environment?AAt Ladder 11.BAt the Block Harbor.COn a human-sized anthill. DIn Gr

10、een Living Room.【答案】C B D这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个适合孩子参观的博物馆。1细节理解题。根据Childrens Museum of Manhattan中“CMOM also hosts classeslike Gross Biology for kids who are interested in insects-all designed with the latest child-development research in mind.(CMOM也主持一些课程，比如给那些对昆虫感兴趣的孩子们讲生物课，这些昆虫的设计都考虑到了最新的儿童发展研究)”可知，Chi

11、ldrens Museum of Manhattan会为孩子们提供生物课。故选C。2细节理解题。根据DiMenna Childrens History Museum中“Children are encouraged to climb around and interact with exhibits that highlight the lives of kids who grew up to become famous doctors，athletes and political figures!(孩子们被鼓励到处攀爬，与突出了那些长大后成为著名医生，运动员，政治家的孩子们的生活的展品互动)

12、”可知，孩子们在DiMenna Childrens History Museum可以了解著名人物的童年生活。故选B。3细节理解题。根据Staten Island Childrens Museum中“Dont forget to stop by Green Living Room powered by the wind energy，where the kids can learn about ways to reduce our carbon footprint.(别忘了去绿色客厅，那里有风能供电，在这里孩子们可以了解减少低碳排放的方法)”可知，孩子们在Green Living Room可以学

13、习保护环境的方法。故选D。B In 1990, Hal Donaldson was 23 years old, fresh out of college and found himself in Calcutta, India, where he was asked to interview Mother Teresa.Donaldson says about the great woman famed for feeding the hungry, “She wasnt wearing shoes and her ankles were swollen. She sat down with

14、me and was very polite.” After the interview, Mother Teresa asked him, “What are you doing to help the poor?” Donaldson admitted that he was young and wasnt focused on helping others. With a smile on her face, Mother Teresa said, “Everyone can do something.”Those words deeply struck Donaldson and fo

15、rced him to face some hard truths about himself.Hal Donaldson grew up in the San Francisco Bay area. When he was 12 years old, his parents were hit by a drunk driver; his father died, and his mother was seriously injured. To make ends meet, they went on welfare. Donaldson says, “I had holes in my sh

16、oes and clothes. When youre teased at school for that, you just want to escape.”He managed to do just that. Donaldson got into college and turned his focus to making money for himself He says, “I was just trying to find my way out of insignificance. However, its easy to overlook others along the way

17、. I was the guy that would see a homeless person and cross the street, so I didnt have to confront (面对) him. My focus was on climbing to the top instead of helping those trying to climb with me.”Donaldson returned home from India with a different thought. He traveled to eight cities in America and s

18、tayed on the streets and listened to stories of the homeless. “My heart broke,” he says. “I knew I could no longer just live for myself.”Inspired by Mother Teresas words and the stories hed heard across America. Donaldson loaded a pick-up truck with $300 worth of groceries and handed them out to any

19、one who needed help. In 1994, Donaldson created the nonprofit organization, Convoy for Hope, which works with communities across America and around the world. Their work focuses on feeding children, womens empowerment, helping farmers and disaster services.4What did 23-year-old Hal Donaldson do in I

20、ndia?AHe interviewed Mother Teresa.BHe fed the hungry with Mother Teresa.CHe attended an interview for a college.DHe did something to help the poor.5What can we learn about Hal Donaldson from paragraph 4?AHe was born with disability.BHe led a hard life as a child.CHe was well treated at school.DHe s

21、urvived as a parentless boy.6How does Hal Donaldson describe himself in college?ASelf-centered.BSympathetic.CPopular.DCasual.7How did Hal Donaldson change after he returned home from India?AHe preferred traveling to volunteering.BHe suddenly fell in love with journalism.CHe turned his focus to livin

22、g for himself.DHe gradually devoted himself to helping others.【答案】A B A D这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了从小生活艰苦的Hal Donaldson在努力改善生活条件的时候忽视了身边的人，而他与Mother Teresa的一次交流触动了他，他开始关注那些需要帮助的人并逐渐致力于帮助他人。4细节理解题。根据第一段“In 1990, Hal Donaldson was 23 years old, fresh out of college and found himself in Calcutta, India, where he

23、was asked to interview Mother Teresa.(1990年，23岁的Hal Donaldson，刚从大学毕业，来到印度加尔各答，在那里他被要求采访Mother Teresa)”可知，23岁的Hal Donaldson在印度采访了Mother Teresa。故选A。5推理判断题。根据第四段中的“When he was 12 years old, his parents were hit by a drunk driver; his father died, and his mother was seriously injured. To make ends meet,

24、 they went on welfare.(12岁时，他的父母被酒后驾车的司机撞了；他的父亲去世了，他的母亲受了重伤。为了收支相抵，他们靠救济生活)”可推断，童年时期的Hal Donaldson过着艰难的生活。故选B。6推理判断题。根据第五段中的“I was just trying to find my way out of insignificance. However, its easy to overlook others along the way. I was the guy that would see a homeless person and cross the street

25、, so I didnt have to confront (面对) him. My focus was on climbing to the top instead of helping those trying to climb with me.(我只是想摆脱自己的卑微。然而，在这个过程中很容易忽略其他人。我是那种看到无家可归的人就会过马路的人，所以我不用去面对他。我的注意力集中在攀登顶峰上，而不是帮助那些试图和我一起攀登的人)”可推断，大学时期的Hal Donaldson只关注如何改善自己的生活，是一个以自我为中心的人。故选A。7推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Donaldson ret

26、urned home from India with a different thought. He traveled to eight cities in America and stayed on the streets and listened to stories of the homeless.(Donaldson从印度回到家后，想法转变了。他在美国去八个城市旅行了，待在街道上，倾听那些无家可归人们的故事)”和最后一段“Inspired by Mother Teresas words and the stories hed heard across America. Donaldso

27、n loaded a pick-up truck with $300 worth of groceries and handed them out to anyone who needed help. In 1994, Donaldson created the nonprofit organization, Convoy for Hope, which works with communities across America and around the world.( Mother Teresa的话语和他在美国各地听到的故事激励了他。Donaldson把价值300美元的食品杂货装上一辆小

28、货车，分发给任何需要帮助的人。1994年，Donaldson创立了非营利组织“希望车队”，与美国和世界各地的社区合作)”可推断，Hal Donaldson从印度回家以后开始关注别人的生活并逐渐致力于帮助别人。故选D。C If your fingers get chilly all year roundeven in the peak of summeryoure not alone. Many people get cold hands during all of the seasons, due to a number of causes, from genetic to chronic i

29、llnesses.Common reasons include being elderly and thin. If your hands are regularly cold or numb, however, its a good idea to see a doctor to rule out more serious causes. Cold hands are one of the symptoms of both anemia (贫血症) and hypothyroidism (甲状腺机能减退). Diabetes, which reduces blood circulation,

30、 can also trigger it. And if your heart is weak from heart disease, your body may prioritize sending blood to your core over your limbs.For many others, cold hands are a sign they have a largely harmless condition called Raynauds disease. When any of us goes out in the cold, our bodies activate the

31、muscles in our smallest blood vessels to make them even smallera survival mechanism to keep blood, and thus warmer temperatures, in our core. For people with Raynauds, this reaction is too strong, and instead of just a bit less blood going to their fingers, far too little gets there.Raynauds is more

32、 common in women, and it most often develops before the age of 30. In fact, if you develop Raynauds when youre olderusually after 40it can be a sign of another underlying issue. That could be a smaller problema previous incident of frostbite (冻伤) or a sign of a more serious autoimmune condition, lik

33、e lupus (狼疮).For the majority of people living with Raynauds, medication wont be necessary. However, a rare, more severe form of Raynauds affects less than one in 1,000 people. In these cases, blood can become completely blocked, causing sores on the hands. If they go untreated, it can lead to gangr

34、ene (坏疽) and, very rarely, amputation (截肢).8Whats the purpose of paragraph 1?Aintroduce a topicBpresent an argumentCdescribe the charactersDclarify his writing purpose9According to the text, which of the following is not the cause of cold hands?ADiabetesBHeart diseaseCObesity DAging10What do we know

35、 about Raynauds disease?AIt appears when blood vessels in your body overreact to high temperatures.BIn some cases, it can be a sign of some health issues.CMales never suffer from it before the age of 30.DFor most people, it is a serious health problem.11What will the author talk about in the followi

36、ng paragraph?AThe reasons why people have cold handsBDisadvantages of cold handsCMedical research on Raynauds DiseaseDWays to treat Raynauds disease and prevent cold hands【答案】A C B D这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了，如果你的手指一年四季都在发冷，可能是得了雷诺氏病，解释了它的原因、症状、发病群体。8推理判断题。由第一段“If your fingers get chilly all year roundeven in th

37、e peak of summeryoure not alone. Many people get cold hands during all of the seasons, due to a number of causes, from genetic to chronic illnesses.”（如果你的手指一年四季都在发冷，即使是在盛夏时节，你也不孤单。许多人在整个季节都会手感冰冷，原因有很多，从遗传病到慢性病。），可推断出第一段的内容是为下文做铺垫，为了介绍一个疾病话题。故选A项。9细节理解题。由第二段中的“Common reasons include being elderly and

38、 thin.”（常见的原因包括年老体瘦。）和“Cold hands are one of the symptoms of both anemia (贫血症) and hypothyroidism (甲状腺机能减退). Diabetes, which reduces blood circulation, can also trigger it. And if your heart is weak from heart disease, your body may prioritize sending blood to your core over your limbs.”（手冰冷是贫血和甲状腺功

39、能减退的症状之一。糖尿病会减少血液循环，也会引发手冰冷。如果你的心脏因为心脏病而虚弱，你的身体可能会优先把血液输送到你的心脏而不是四肢。），可知年纪大、偏瘦、糖尿病和心脏病是导致双手冰冷的原因，文章并未提及肥胖导致双手冰冷。故选C项。10细节理解题。由第四段中的“Raynauds is more common in women, and it most often develops before the age of 30. In fact, if you develop Raynauds when youre olderusually after 40it can be a sign of

40、another underlying issue.”（雷诺氏病在女性中更为常见，最常在30岁之前发病。事实上，如果你在40岁以后得雷诺氏病的话，这可能是另一个潜在问题的征兆。），可知在某些情况下，雷诺氏病可能是一些健康问题的征兆。故选B项。11推理判断题。由最后一段“For the majority of people living with Raynauds, medication wont be necessary. However, a rare, more severe form of Raynauds affects less than one in 1,000 people. In

41、 these cases, blood can become completely blocked, causing sores on the hands. If they go untreated, it can lead to gangrene (坏疽) and, very rarely, amputation (截肢).”（对于大多数雷诺氏病患者来说，药物治疗是不必要的。然而，一种罕见的，更严重的雷诺氏病影响不到千分之一的人。在这种情况下，血液会完全阻塞，导致手部疼痛。如果他们得不到治疗，可能会导致坏疽和截肢。），可知本段主要讲不同雷诺氏病患者，有的不需要治疗，有的不治疗，后果严重，可推

42、断出在下一段中，作者可能会谈论雷诺氏病的治疗及预防手部冰冷的方法。故选D项。DSix sacrificial pits (祭祀坑), dating back 3,200 to 4,000 years, were newly discovered in Sanxingdui Ruins site in Guanghan, Southwest Chinas Sichuan province. Over 500 artifacts, including gold masks, bronze wares, ivories, jades, and textiles, were unearthed fro

43、m the site.Sanxingdui site, first found in 1929, is generally considered as one of the most important archaeological sites along the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. However, large-scale excavation on the site only began in 1986, when two pits widely believed for sacrificial ceremonies were accid

44、entally discovered.Investigation in the area around No 1 and 2 pits was relaunched in October 2019, and No 3 pit was found in December 2019, according to Lei Yu, a researcher of Sichuan Provincial Cultural Relics and Archaeology Research Institute who heads the ongoing excavation. Thirty-four resear

45、ch universities and research institutes have cooperated in this project. He said the new discoveries will help to better understand many unexplained findings in 1986.More excavation followed in March 2020, and five more pits were found last year. And detailed research began in October. Excavation ca

46、psules with hi-tech equipment were set up in the pits to better conserve the site.Sanxingdui site covers an area of 12 square kilometers, and its core zone of an ancient city covers nearly 4 square kilometers. According to the National Cultural Heritage Administration, studies of Sanxingdui site wil

47、l become a crucial project in an ongoing program Archaeology China, which tries to explain the origins of Chinese civilization and how diverse cultures communicate and come together.12What does the underlined word “excavation” in paragraph 2 probably mean?ADiscoveryBDigCExplorationDExpansion13How di

48、d archaeologists preserve the Sanxingdui site?ABy dividing the task of excavation into several parts.BBy cooperating with research universities and institutes.CBy using excavation capsule armed with hi-tech equipment.DBy conducting more investigations around the site.14What can we infer about the pits from the text?AAll sacrificial sites were discovered in the meantime.BThe excavation of Sanxingdui site only began in 1986.CThere were altogether six sacrificial pits disco