语法填空解题技巧课件.pptx

1、语法填空语法填空训练训练及及考点突破考点突破1 1、阅读、理解、阅读、理解语篇语篇的能力的能力;2 2、分析、分析句子结构句子结构的能力的能力;3 3、熟练运用、熟练运用语法语法,短语短语的能力。的能力。全国高考语法填空题两类全国高考语法填空题两类“空空”：纯空格纯空格（3个）个）给词空给词空 (7个）个）1.谓语（时态谓语（时态语态语态数）数）2.非谓语（非谓语（to do-doingdone)3.词类转换词类转换(名名形形副）副）冠、代、介、连冠、代、介、连、及一些副词及一些副词冠冠词词代代词词介介词词连词连词/引引导词导词名名词词 动词动词形容词形容词 副词副词2014年年新课标新课标I

2、卷卷12123 12014新课标新课标II卷卷1114112015新课标新课标I卷卷1111422015新课标新课标II卷卷111141 12014-20152014-2015年年全国高考语法填空全国高考语法填空词类分布：词类分布：纯空格纯空格 给词空给词空1个助动词个助动词解题技巧解题技巧1 1 ：句中没有谓语，或者虽然句中没有谓语，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但中间有并列、转折或从已有谓语动词，但中间有并列、转折或从属连词时，需填的词则是属连词时，需填的词则是谓语动词谓语动词。时态。时态考虑要瞻前顾后。考虑要瞻前顾后。例例1.In 1969,the pollution was terrible.

3、It _(be)unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up.was例例2.A boy on a bike _(catch)my attention.He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms.caught例例3 3.People stepped on your feet or _(push)you with their elbows(肘部肘部)，hurrying ahead to get to bargain.pushed例例4.The country life he was used to

4、_（change）greatly since the opening policy.例例5.Im afraid this is the best way we can think of _(help)you.has changedto help例例6.6.Nobody knows what _(happen)if she had refused to pay.would have happened例例7.He walked in as if he _(buy)the school.had bought 括号内给出动词的原形，做题时首先找出句子括号内给出动词的原形，做题时首先找出句子的主干，确定

5、主句，如果缺谓语，就的主干，确定主句，如果缺谓语，就要根据上下文要根据上下文语境和意思确定动词的语境和意思确定动词的数、时态、语态和语气。数、时态、语态和语气。应试策略应试策略1、考查在语境中判断动词的时态。常考的时态为：、考查在语境中判断动词的时态。常考的时态为：现在现在:一般现在、一般将来、现在进行、现在完成。一般现在、一般将来、现在进行、现在完成。过去过去:一般过去、过去进行、过去将来、过去完成。一般过去、过去进行、过去将来、过去完成。2、时间、条件、等状语从句时间、条件、等状语从句中动词的时态中动词的时态(主将从现主将从现)(if/unless/as soon as/after/bef

6、ore/when等等);3、时态标志；时态标志；4、时态一致性时态一致性原则；原则；5、上下文语境；上下文语境；解题技巧解题技巧2 2：若句中已有谓语动词，又不若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语或从句时，所给动词就是并列谓语或从句时，所给动词就是是非谓非谓语动词语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用。若是非谓语动词就要确定用 doing形式，形式，done形式，还是形式，还是 to do 形式。形式。非谓语的形式一定要考虑非谓语的形式一定要考虑它与其逻辑主语它与其逻辑主语之间之间 的关系。的关系。例例1.but it is not enough only _(memorize)rules from

7、a grammar book.to memorize 例例2._(speak)out your inner feeling wont make you feel ashamed,on the contrarySpeaking 注意注意 ：作主语或宾语时，通常用作主语或宾语时，通常用doing/being done形式表示习惯或一般情况；形式表示习惯或一般情况；用用to do/to be done形式表示具体情况或将来；形式表示具体情况或将来；用用having done/having been done表示已表示已发生。发生。s.v.p.s.v.例例3._(complete)the projec

8、t as planned,we will have to work two more hours a day.To complete 例例5.Some people say that children,who are smart and strong-willed,are very likely _(success.)to succeed 注意注意 ：作目的状语或者在固定结构中，一作目的状语或者在固定结构中，一般用般用to do形式。形式。例例4.The young student did all that he could _(pass)the examinations.to passs.v

9、.s.v.o.adverbialadverbial例例6.He saw the stone,_(say)to himself:“The night will be very dark.”saying 注意注意 ：分词作伴随状语，原因状语，条件分词作伴随状语，原因状语，条件状语等时，要看它与逻辑主语的关系确定形状语等时，要看它与逻辑主语的关系确定形式。式。s.v.o.例例7.There will be a meeting,_(start)later this year to review the film.learned 注意注意 ：1.分词做状语时，主要看它与句子分词做状语时，主要看它与句子主

10、语之间的关系确定形式。主语之间的关系确定形式。2.分词做后置定语时，主要看它与被修饰词分词做后置定语时，主要看它与被修饰词之间的关系确定形式。之间的关系确定形式。starting 例例8.Lessons_(learn)in sports can help us in our dealing with other people.s.v.o.s.v.非谓语动词，包括非谓语动词，包括V-ing形式、形式、V-ed形式形式和动词不定式。和动词不定式。做题时确定所给出的词与其做题时确定所给出的词与其所修饰的词或其逻辑主语的关系。所修饰的词或其逻辑主语的关系。如果与中心词是主动关系，如果与中心词是主动关系

11、，；如果与中心词是被动关系，如果与中心词是被动关系，；如果表示将来或目的，如果表示将来或目的，一般用一般用V-ing形式形式一般用一般用V-ed形式形式应试策略应试策略一般用动词不定式。一般用动词不定式。例例11.He spit the water out,_(say)it was awful.saying例例12.Can you tell me the way you thought of _ (work)out the problem.to work技巧技巧2 2：词类转换题要先确定在句中的成分。词类转换题要先确定在句中的成分。dangerous例例1.In a _(danger)part

12、 of the sea off the coast of New Zealand,they learnt to 例例2.There must be something_ (serious)wrong with our society.seriouslyharder例例4.The other frog went on jumping as hard as he could.He jumped even _(hard)and finally made himself out.unnecessary例例3.Your mistake caused a lot of _(necessity)work i

13、n the office.uselessdifferentlyappearancepersonal1.Most of the people in the town showed pity on him,but it was _(use).2.But a recent study saw things quite _(different).3.The order in which they finished would decide the order of their _(appear)in the Chinese calendar.4.,so Im very careful not to g

14、ive out my _(person)information.exercisescheaperworst5.One of the _(bad)gift choices I ever made was for my high school English teacher,Ms Chen.6.For a family of four,for example,it is more convenient as well as _(cheap)to sit comfortably at home,括号内给出形容词或副词，要括号内给出形容词或副词，要根根据上下文语境据上下文语境确定用确定用原级、比较级还

15、原级、比较级还是最高级形式是最高级形式。应试策略应试策略形容词形容词 修饰名词修饰名词/代词代词 副词副词 修饰动词修饰动词/形容词形容词/副词副词/句子句子It is/was+形容词形容词（+for/of sb)+to do 括号内给出单词的其他形式，通括号内给出单词的其他形式，通过分析句子结构，判断句子缺少什过分析句子结构，判断句子缺少什么成分（修饰什么词），再用正确么成分（修饰什么词），再用正确的单词形式补充完整，该空同时考的单词形式补充完整，该空同时考查同学们的查同学们的单词拼写能力单词拼写能力。Read the following sentences and fill in the

16、blanks according to the requirements.Then find out the rules.纯空格类考点讲解：纯空格类考点讲解：1.冠词冠词2.代词代词3.介词介词4.连词或副词连词或副词5.引导词引导词1.An only child will succeed for _ same reason.2.You can now make _ educated decision about what career to pursue.3.The author of the study suggested that encouraging more books readi

17、ng might be _ useful way to prevent childhood accidents.the ana冠词冠词 如果空格后是如果空格后是单数可数名词单数可数名词，就应，就应该考虑该考虑空格处空格处是否需要填是否需要填不定冠词不定冠词(a,(a,an)an)，如果是特指，就要定冠词，如果是特指，就要定冠词thethe。如果空格后是序数词、最高级或提如果空格后是序数词、最高级或提及上文提到过的人或物等时，就应该考及上文提到过的人或物等时，就应该考虑虑空格处空格处是否需要填是否需要填定冠词定冠词(the)(the)。应试策略应试策略1.Firstly,we must unde

18、rstand the language when we hear _ spoken.2.The little boy pulled _right hand out of the pocket and studied a number of coins in it.3.I patiently walked to the library,took my seat and did some deep breathing to help relax _.it myselfhis代词代词 首先找出代词所指代的名词，根据其在句中首先找出代词所指代的名词，根据其在句中所充当的成分确定用哪个代词。所充当的成分

19、确定用哪个代词。如果如果空格后是空格后是名词名词，就应该考虑，就应该考虑空格处空格处是是否用否用物主代词物主代词(my,your,his等等)、指示代词指示代词(this,that等等)、不定代词不定代词(few,little,many,much,all,each,every,both,neither,other等等)、名词所有名词所有格或形容词格或形容词等进行修饰。等进行修饰。应试策略应试策略1.Television is now playing a very important role _ our life.2.more than nine thousand young American

20、s,dissatisfied with their training at home,went to Germany _advanced study.3.It was in this very room that I gave birth _ Linda seventeen years ago.fortoin 介词介词介词可位于介词可位于名词之前名词之前。如。如at night,on Sunday等；等；也可位于也可位于形容词之后形容词之后，如，如be interested in,be good at等；等；还可位于还可位于不及物动词之后不及物动词之后，如，如listen to,arrive

21、at,look for等。等。应试策略应试策略掌握一些常用介词的用法、含义和固定掌握一些常用介词的用法、含义和固定搭配；搭配；1.If a family has many children,the middle one sometimes gets lost in the crowd.The youngest child,_,often gets special treatment.2.As the ox came ashore,the rat jumped off and finished the race first._ the rat got the first year named a

22、fter him and the ox got the second year.3.I asked my classmates about her interest _ then I made my final decision.howeverandSo/Thus连词或副词连词或副词 空格前后两个句子都含有主谓结构时，则要空格前后两个句子都含有主谓结构时，则要根据上下文的逻辑关系，选择适当的副词或连词。根据上下文的逻辑关系，选择适当的副词或连词。表示递进：表示递进：so,for,therefore,thus等；等；further,furthermore,moreover,in addition

23、等；等；but,nevertheless,however,yet,while,although,though,等。等。表示转折：表示转折：表示因果：表示因果：表示并列：表示并列：and,or等；等；应试策略应试策略thatwhothat 引导词引导词1.One day,he came up with an idea _ he would pick up all of his crop a few inches.2.Some people say that oldest children,_ are smart and strong-willed,are very likely to succe

24、ed.3.So careless was I _ I had forgotten all about that.空格前后都是一个句子空格前后都是一个句子,做题时做题时应该从句子的意义去判断应该从句子的意义去判断是属于什是属于什么类型的复合句（定语从句、名词么类型的复合句（定语从句、名词性从句或者状语从句）性从句或者状语从句），再确定填再确定填什么引导词。什么引导词。应试策略应试策略空格前是名词空格前是及物动词 空格前是系动词 空格在句首定语从句定语从句同位语语从句同位语语从句主语从句主语从句状语从句状语从句所填词在后面句子中充当成分不充当成分所填词在后面句子中充当主宾表所填词在后面句子中充当各

25、类状语宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句判断状语从句类型时还可以根据前后句子之间判断状语从句类型时还可以根据前后句子之间的意思及逻辑关系来判断是什么状语从句的意思及逻辑关系来判断是什么状语从句一步来把全文看，把握主旨逻辑线；一步来把全文看，把握主旨逻辑线；二步开始做答案，容易做的先做完；二步开始做答案，容易做的先做完；难题放在第三步，上下文里找答案；难题放在第三步，上下文里找答案；四步复读很关键，保证全文意贯通。四步复读很关键，保证全文意贯通。2012年广东英语高考语法填空题年广东英语高考语法填空题Mary will never forget the first time she saw him

26、.He suddenly appeared in class one day,_16_(wear)sun glasses.He walked in as if he _17_(buy)the school.And the word quickly got around that he was from New York City.For some reason he sat beside Mary.Mary felt _18_(please),because there were many empty seats in the room.But she quickly realized tha

27、t it wasnt her,it was probably the fact that she sat in _19_last row._20_ he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back,he was wrong.It might have made it a little _21_(hard)for everybody because it meant they had to turn around,but that didnt stop the kids in the class.Of course whene

28、ver they turned to look at him,they had to look at Mary,_22_made her feel like a star.wearinghad boughtpleasedtheAlthoughharderwhich“Do you need those glasses for medical reasons?”the teacher asked.The new boy shook his head.”Then Id appreciate it if you didnt wear them in class.I like to look at yo

29、ur eyes when Im speaking to you.”The new boy looked at the teacher _23_ a few seconds and all the other students wondered _24_ the boy would do.Then he took _25_ off,gave a big smile and said“That is cool”.forwhatthem2011年广东高考英语语法填空年广东高考英语语法填空One Sunday morning in August I went to local music festiv

30、al.I left early because I had an appointment _16_(late)that day.My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me 17 the bus arrived.I got on the bus and found a seat near the back,and then I noticed a man 18 _ (sit)at the front.He _19_(pretend)that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice.H

31、e must be _20_(mental)disabled.Behind him were other people to _21_ he was trying to talk,but after some minutes 22 walked away and sat near me,looking annoyed.I didnt want to be laughed at for talking to him but I didnt like leaving him 23 his own either.latersittingwas pretendingmentallywhomtheyby

32、After a while I rose from my seat and walked to the front of the bus.I sat next to the man and introduced myself.We had 24 amazing conversation.He got off the bus before me and I felt very happy the rest of the way home.Im glad I made a choice.It made 25 of us feel good.bothanWhat have you learned today?1.1.全国高考语法填空命题特点；全国高考语法填空命题特点；2.2.掌握掌握纯空格词纯空格词的基本填空方法；的基本填空方法；3.3.突破语法填空中突破语法填空中给词空格给词空格的正确判断，特别的正确判断，特别是是谓语、非谓语及谓语、非谓语及谓语时态和语态谓语时态和语态的正确判断。的正确判断。