闽教版小学英语小升初总复习考点专题讲解课件:(词汇).pptx
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1、动词动词-三单形式三单形式动词第三人称单数动词第三人称单数 在一般现在时中,当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式,即常在动词原形后加-s或-es 动词第三人称单数变化有以下形式:动词第三人称单数变化有以下形式:1.一般动词在词尾直接加-s,-s在清辅音之后读/s/,在浊辅音或元音后读/z/,ds读/dz/,ts读/ts/。如:help-helps/helps/,get-gets/gets/,read-reads/ri:dz/2.以字母x、s、ch、sh或少数以o结尾的词加-es,es读/iz/。如:teach-teaches/ti:t iz/,wash-washes/wiz/3
2、.以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,变y为i加es,-ies读/iz/。如:carry-carries/kriz/,fly-flies/flaiz/注注:在play-plays/pleiz/,say-says/sez/中,字母y前为元音字母,第三人称单数直接在y后加s即可。4.以不发音e结尾的,直接加s,如果尾音是/s/或/z/,加s后字母“e”与“s”一起读作/iz/5.特殊词例外。如:be-is/iz/,have-has/hz/动词-现在分词-ing形式动词现在分词形式变化规则动词现在分词形式变化规则 1.一般情况在动词原形后直接加-ing。如:go-going,stand-standing 2.
3、以不发音e结尾的动词,去掉e再加-ing。如:dance-dancing,ride-riding 3.以重读闭音节结尾的,末尾只有一个辅音字母的词,双写最后一个辅音字母再加-ing。如:swim-swimming,run-running,get-getting 4.少数几个以ie结尾的词,须将ie变为y再加ing。如:die-dying,lie-lying 动词-过去式动词过去式的变化规则 1.一般情况下,动词词尾加-ed,如:worked,played,wanted,acted 2.以不发音的e结尾的动词,动词词尾加-d,如:lived,moved,decided,declined,hope
4、d,judged 3.以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,把y变为i再加ed,如:studied,tried,copied,cried,carried 4.以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,双写词尾辅音字母,再加-ed,如:stopped,begged,dropped,planned 5.不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强,须多加记忆。go-went,make-made,get-got,buy-bought,come-came,fly-flew,is/am-was,are-were,see-saw,bring-brought,do-did,teach-taught,think-thought,say-s
5、aid,sit-sat,read-read,spend-spent,eat-ate,give-gave,sit-sat,tell-told,write-wrote,feel-felt,find-found,hear-heard,know-knew,put-put,grow-grew,take-took,catch-caught,come-came,become-became,swim-swam,sweep-swept,sing-sang,draw-drew 不规则动词的过去式大体上归纳有以下六条记忆法:不规则动词的过去式大体上归纳有以下六条记忆法:以t结尾的词,过去式与原形相同。如:putpu
6、t,letlet,cutcut,beatbeat 以d结尾的词,把d变成t。如:buildbuilt,lendlent,sendsent,spendspent 以n结尾的词,在词后加t。如:meanmeant,burnburnt,learnlearnt 以ow/aw结尾的词,把ow/aw变成ew。如:blowblew,drawdrew,knowknew,growgrew 含有双写字母的词,将双写改为单写,在词尾加t。如:keepkept,sleepslept,feelfelt,smellsmelt 含有元音字母o/i的词,将o/i变成a。如:singsang,givegave,sitsat,d
7、rinkdrank 1.冠词有:冠词有:a、an 、the 定冠词:定冠词:the2.冠词分为:冠词分为:不定冠词:不定冠词:a、an 冠词的用法:冠词的用法:a/an 都表示一个都表示一个 an 用在单词发音中用在单词发音中元音音素元音音素开头的单词开头的单词 a 用在单词发音中用在单词发音中辅音音素辅音音素开头的单词开头的单词 a/an 第一次第一次提到,提到,the 再次再次提到提到 如:如:an orangean apple定冠词定冠词 the 的用法的用法(5种种):1.特指某些人或物特指某些人或物 The book on the desk is mine.2.双方都知道的人或事物双
8、方都知道的人或事物 Open the door,please.3.指上文提到的人或事物指上文提到的人或事物 He lives on a farm,the farm is not big.4.世界上独一无二的事物前世界上独一无二的事物前 The sun is bigger than the moon.5.形容词最高级前形容词最高级前The island is the biggest of the three.不用不用冠词的情况冠词的情况:on Monday 在星期一在星期一in June 在六月在六月in spring 在春天在春天at Christmas 在圣诞节在圣诞节in Shenyang
9、 在沈阳在沈阳Mr.Wang 王先生王先生1.星期、月份、季节、节日等名词前星期、月份、季节、节日等名词前2.国家(国家(the UK,theUSA除外)、人名、城市前除外)、人名、城市前3.职位、称呼、头衔前职位、称呼、头衔前4.表示吃一日三餐、进行球类或棋类运动时表示吃一日三餐、进行球类或棋类运动时5.泛指一类人或事物的复数名词前泛指一类人或事物的复数名词前6.名词前已有物主代词、指示代词时名词前已有物主代词、指示代词时7.一些固定搭配中一些固定搭配中例题:例题:1.I have _ book.2._ cat can catch insects.3.Lucy spends _ hour d
10、oing her homework everyday.4.Bobs father is _ engineer.5.John is _ honest boy.6._ apple _ day keeps the doctor away.7.Lets have _ rest for _ while.8.Mother bought me _ uniform yesterday.9.I have _ pencil _ pencils is red.10._ sun is shining brightly in _ sky.11._ dictionary on _ desk is mine.12.Is _
11、 Mary _ youngest girl in our class.13.Can you play _ violin?14.We go to school by _ bike in_ morning every day.根据所学知识用根据所学知识用a,an,the,/a,an,the,/填空填空My name is _ Mike.Im in _ grade three this term.My mother is _ doctor and my father is _ actor.Today is _ Saturday.Now,my father is talking on _ phone.
12、My mother is having _ breakfast.My grand-mother is watering _ flowers in _ garden and Im watching _ TV.Look!This is my room.There is _ beautiful umbrella in my bedroom.I like _ umbrella very much because I bought it in _ Paris.These are all my presents.介词介词时间介词:at、in、on、before、after、from方位介词:on、in、b
13、ehind、over、above、under、below动向介词:to、into、up、down、through、along、out of方式介词:by、in、with原因介词:for、because ofThe Farmer and the Snake It was a cold winter day.A farmer found a snake on the ground.It was nearly dead by cold.The farmer was a kind man.He picked up the snake carefully and put it under the coa
14、t.Soon the snake began to move and it raised its month and bit the farmer.“Oh,my god!”said the farmer,“I save your life,but you thank me in that way.You must die.”Then he killed the snake with a stick.At last he died,too.in1.常与上午、下午、晚上等词连用 in the morning in the afternoon in the evening2.in+时间短语 He w
15、ill return in three days.他将在三天后回来。3.在里面(表地点)in the box in Beijing in the south of China4.表示用某种语言 in Chinese5.表示穿着,戴着 in red 穿红衣服的 in a blue hat 戴着一顶蓝色的帽子on1.常与星期连用 on Monday on Sunday2.表示具体某一天 on June 1st on May 3rd3.表示在某天的上午、下午或晚上 on Saturday morning on a winter evening4.表示与另一区域范围相邻 Canada lies on
16、the north of America.加拿大位于美国的北部。like1.像一样 She looks like her mother.她看上去像她妈妈。Do it like this。像这样做from1.自,从 We go to school from Monday to Friday.我们从周一到周五上课。2.从来,来自于 She is from America.她来自于美国。with1.和一起 He came here with his father.他和他爸爸一起来的。2.用 I write a letter with this pen.我用这支笔写的信。3.表示伴随状态 the gi
17、rl with glasses 戴眼镜的女孩about1.关于 The book is about the history of China.这本书是关于中国的历史。2.大约 Its about five oclock now.现在大约7点钟。after1.在以后 I always have a walk after supper.我总是晚饭后散步。Read after me.跟我读before1.在之前 You should get everything well before leaving.你应该在出发之前把东西准备好。by1.在旁边 There is a cat by the tree
18、.树边有一只猫。2.到为止 By the end of this month,Ill have read all those books.到这个月底,我将读完那些书。3.用(手段,方法)I often go to school by bus.我经常坐公交车去上学。She made a living by painting.她以画画为生。for1.表示一段时间 for two weeks 两周2.为了(表目的)I made a doll for my sister.我给我妹妹做了一个娃娃。3.因为,由于 Thank you for listening.谢谢倾听。4.往,向(表去向)They le
19、ft for Hong Kong last week.他们上周去香港了。at1.表示在某一时间、年龄 at five 在5点 at night 在晚上 at the age of 12 在12岁的时候2.表示在某一地点 She is waiting for me at the bus station.她在车站等我。时间名词前所用介词口诀时间名词前所用介词口诀年月日前要用in,日子前面却不行。遇到几号要用on,上午下午又是in。要说某日上下午,用on换in才能行。午夜黄昏须用at,黎明用它也不错。at也用时间前,说“差”可要用上to,说“过”只可使用past。多说多练牢牢记,莫让岁月空蹉跎。1.
20、It is time _ lunch.2.I come to China _ 2006.3.I was born _ June 1st,1996.4.We stay _ home _ Saturday afternoon.5.Im going to play football _ school.6.I can buy some flowers _ you.7.Lin Tao is _ duty today.8.I can see some tables _ the chairs.1.动词+介词listen to laugh at hear from get tolook at shout at
21、 look for ask forwait for get on put on turn ontake off take away learn from worry about2.形容词+介词afraid of full of angry with strict withbusy with good at late for ready forfamous for polite to far from 介词常见搭配介词常见搭配1.The little girl is looking _ her mother.2.Thank you _ your help.3.Dont read _ bed.4.
22、Tom comes _ the USA.5.English names are different _ Chinese names.6.We always have a class meeting _ Monday afternoon.7.The story took place _ a cold night.1.表示并列 and:Mike and I study in the same school.2.表示转折 but:I have a pen,but I have no pencil.3.表示选择 or:Hurry up,or you will be late.Do you want t
23、he red one or the yellow one?4.表示原因 because:I cant go to school today,because I am ill.5.表示因果 so:Im ill,so I cant go to school.连词连词名词的分类 名词分为可数名词和不可数名词 不可数名词没有复数形式,也不能在其前面加a或an 表示数量时应在其前加量词,如a bottle of water,two bags of rice,a piece of bread可数名词变复数规则可数名词变复数规则1.名词复数的规则变化及其读音 一般情况加-s,清辅音后读/s/,如:map-m
24、aps,cake-cakes;浊辅音和元音后读/z/,如:bag-bags,car-cars 以s,sh,ch,x,等结尾加-es,读/iz/,如:bus-buses,watch-watches,box-boxes以ce,se,ze,等结尾加-s读/iz/,如:license-licenses 以辅音字母加y结尾变y为i再加-es,读/z/,如:baby-babies 专有名词以y结尾或元音字母加y结尾的名词变复数时,直接加s变复数。例如:monkey-monkeys,holiday-holidays以o 结尾的名词,变复数时:a.加s,如:photo-photos,piano-pianos,
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