广东省湛江市2020年普通高考测试（一）英语试题（含解析）.doc

1、 湛江市湛江市 2020 届普通高考测试（一）届普通高考测试（一） 英英 语语 注意事项：注意事项： 1答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在本试卷相应的位置。因测试不考听力，试 卷从第二部分的“阅读理解”开始，试题序号从“21”开始。 2全部答案在答题卡上完成，答在本试卷上无效。 3回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用 2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需 改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案用 0. 5mm 黑色笔 迹签字笔写在答题卡上。 4考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第二部分第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分阅读理解（共两节，满分 4

2、0 分）分） 第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A HG Wells Short Story Competition 2020 The competition is open to anyone. Your story can be set anywhere, feature any characters, and be written in any style. This years theme is “Vision“. There are no entry fees for those ag

3、ed 21 and under. Over 21s must pay an entry fee of10 or5 for those with student ID. There are two prizes: 1,000 for writers aged 21 and under 500 for writers aged over 21 NursinglnFocus Photo Contest 2020 This year were celebrating the Year of the Nurse. The aim of the NursingInFocus Photo Contest i

4、s to put the spotlight on the work of nurses around the world. The competition is open to anyone 18 years old or older. The competition is free to enter. Prizes: Overall Winner: $ 1,000 Category Winners: $ 200 Peoples Choice: $ 500 2020 Posterheroes Contest Posterheroes Contest is an international p

5、oster competition on social and environmental themes. This years theme is HUMANS AT WORK. The competition is free to enter. The winner will receive a cash prize of 2，500 Rijksstudio Design Award 2020 The Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam invites everyone to create their own masterpiece inspired by the Rijksm

6、useums collection. Alf art forms are possible, such as photos, videos, animations, products, fashion, collages or poems. The competition is free to enter. The winner of the Rijksstudio Design Award will receive 7，500. 21What is special about HG Wells Short Story Competition 2020? AIts not open to ev

7、eryone. BIt limits stories to one style. CIt accepts stories of all themes. DIts not free for all participants. 22How much can the winner of 2020 Posterheroes Contest get as a prize? A$ 1,000. B$ 2,000. C2,500. D7,500. 23Which competition may accept a poem? A2020 Posterheroes Contest. BRijksstudio D

8、esign Award 2020. CNursingInFocus Photo Contest 2020. DHG Wells Short Story Competition 2020. B Considered to be not only an outstanding businesswoman, but also a leader that all of us can learn from, Shazi Visram is a daughter of immigrants who took life-changing risks in order to create a better w

9、orld for their children. For as long as she can remember, she has wanted to be a part of something bigger than herself. Ms. Visram has always sought to create abundance and pay it forward-the question was: how? Her journey took her to Columbia Business School, where she had an “Aha! Moment“ while li

10、stening with a sympathetic ear to a friends concern about the difficulty of finding the time to make her own baby food, and the lack of healthy options in traditional baby food. In that moment, Happy Family was born. . Ms. Visram made it her mission to create a progressive business that could positi

11、vely affect the health of our children while giving back to those in need and also supporting sustainable(可持续的) agriculture. Under Ms. Visrams guidance, Happy Family has continued to grow, announcing a partnership with Groupe Danone, a global company whose mission is to bring health through food to

12、people everywhere. The partnership will raise the bar for childrens nutrition in the US, combining their shared devotion to social responsibility. Ms. Visrams accomplishments have earned her the respect and admiration of her peers and colleagues. Happy Family was recognized as one of the fastest gro

13、wing companies in the country by Inc. Magazine. In addition to her MBA from Columbia Business School, Ms. Visram holds a BA in history from Columbia College. In addition, she works with the Network for Teaching Entrepreneurship as an instructor to young and ambitious entrepreneurs (企业家) from low-inc

14、ome communities. 24What can be inferred about Shazi Visram? AShe traveled a lot when she was young. BShe has been ambitious since an early age. CShe was born into a wealthy immigrant family. DShe took risks to create a better life for her family. 25What gave Shazi Visram the inspiration for Happy Fa

15、mily? AThe concern of a friend. BHer journey to a big company. CHer concern about poor children. DThe lack of traditional baby food. 26Whats Paragraph 2 mainly about? AThe nutrition levels of children. BShazi Visrams contributions to society. CThe importance of sustainable agriculture. DHappy Family

16、s partnership with Groupe Danone. 27What is the best title for the text? AA woman who is recognized for running a business BA woman who holds two degrees and instructs others CA woman who raises the bar for childrens nutrition DA woman who creates abundance and pays it forward C An exhibition at the

17、 Harvard Museum of Natural History is around the theme of food plant disease, using early 20th-century glass models of rotting fruit. Known as Harvards “Glass Flowers“, the Ware Collection of Blaschka Glass Models of Plants consists of over 4，300 sculptures of plants and plant parts fashioned entire

18、ly in glass by the German father-and-son artists Leopold and Rudolf Blaschka between 1887 and 1936. Harvard originally used the models as teaching tools, showing plants three-dimensional structure and color. The “Fruits in Decay“ shows a collection of models of diseased, rotting, and withering(枯萎的)

19、fruiting plants. The rotting fruit series was intended specifically to educate the public about the danger of plant disease. These models were created by Rudolf, the younger Blaschka, in the early 20th century Harvard botanist Oakes Ames asked him to create these diseased fruit models. And he though

20、t about these as a way to look at what we now call food security-or insecurity. Though the models were made nearly a hundred years ago, the theme is as remarkable as ever. Most of the illnesses shown on Rudolf Blaschkas plant models still affect todays crops. “In certain ways, global agriculture is

21、more likely to be harmed than it has ever been to disease threats(威胁), largely due to the widespread practice of planting one crop over large production areas. Less genetic diversity means that crops have less resistance to disease,“ says Sheng Yang He, a professor at Michigan State University. Clim

22、ate change will make plants more vulnerable to disease because warming temperatures disable an important plant defense system against plant disease. Major crop loss from plant disease is already at a shocking 20 t0 40 percent. Food security threats from disease will almost certainly become more comm

23、on so theres a lot to be done about convincing people of it. 28What are shown on the exhibition? AModels of diverse crops. BModels of withering flowers. CModels of rotting plant parts. DModels of diseased fruiting plants. 29By whom were the exhibits created? AOakes Ames. BSheng Yang He. CRudolf Blas

24、chka. DLeopold Blaschka. 30Why is the exhibition meaningful? AIt convinces people of the food security threats. BIt reminds people of effects of global warming. CIt helps people understand the history of fruit planting. DIt provides people with knowledge of global agriculture. 31What does the underl

25、ined word “vulnerable“ in the last paragraph mean? AWeak and easily hurt. BResistant and protected. CDefensive and hard to attack. DSensitive and completely destroyed. D When Barzilay had a routine breast X-ray in her early 40s, the image showed a complex group of white spots in her breast tissue. T

26、he marks could be normal, or they could be cancerous-even the best doctors often struggle to tell the difference. Over the next two years Barzilay underwent a second X-ray, a MRI and a biopsy and she was finally diagnosed（诊断） with breast cancer in 2014. Barzilay was treated and made a good recovery.

27、 But she remained terrified that the uncertainties of reading an X-ray could delay treatment so she made a career-changing decision. A computer scientist at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Barzilay had never studied health before. Her research used machine-learning techniques for natural lang

28、uage processing. But she had been looking for a new line of research and decided to team up with radiologists (放射科医生) to develop machine-learning algorithms (算法) that use computers superior visual analysis to spot patterns in X-rays that the human eye might miss. Over the next four years the team ta

29、ught a computer program to analyze X-rays from about 32,000 women and told it which women had been diagnosed with cancer within five years of the scan. They then tested the computers matching abilities in 3,800 more patients. Their resulting algorithm, published last May in Radiology, was significan

30、tly more accurate at predicting cancer than practices generally used in clinics. When Barzilays team ran the program on her own X-ray from 2012-one her doctor had cleared-the algorithm correctly predicted she was at a higher risk of developing breast cancer within five years than 98 percent of patie

31、nts. AI applications are entering clinics at a rapid rate, and physicians have met the technology with equal parts excitement about its potential to reduce their workload and fear about losing their jobs to machines. Algorithms also raise questions about how to regulate a machine that is constantly

32、learning and changing and who is to blame if an algorithm gets a diagnosis wrong. Still, many physicians are excited about the promise of AI programs. 32What advantage do Barzilays algorithms take of computers to predict cancer? ASuperior visual analysis. BTimely risk warning settings. CNatural-lang

33、uage processing techniques. DLarge storage of radiological knowledge. 33What does the underlined word “it“ in Paragraph 4 refer to? ACancer. BResearch. CThe team. DThe program. 34How do physicians react to AI applications in clinics? AThey doubt the accuracy of the applications. BThey have mixed fee

34、lings about the applications. CThey promise to make the best of the applications. DThey expect to rapidly popularize the applications. 35It can be inferred from the text that ABarzilay suffered from breast cancer for two years in her forties Bat first Barzilay didnt think X-ray was a reliable way of

35、 checking cancer Cwith Barzilays algorithms her cancer could have been diagnosed earlier DBarzilay failed to turn to the best doctors to have her breast checked 第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填人空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 The beginning of November means winter is well on its way. 36 Its gre

36、at to stay indoors surrounded by people that make you happiest. Ive always felt homes that have the warmest atmosphere are those that feel the most lived in. Here are my personal tips on how to feed that coziness（温馨）into your home this winter. It makes sense to fill your home with textured（有纹理的）deco

37、rations which feel warm and easy. You can throw a textured blanket on your couch or bed. Im also a huge fan of carpets on top of the wooden floors. Of course, carpets will help to physically warm your space by offering a cozy spot for your feet. 37 Its also a good idea to display your creations and

38、collections in your home. My wall was feeling bare one day, so I filled the space with a simple wall hanging. 38 Simple, yes, and it makes me feel warm every time I see it. Do any of you have a love for windowsills （窗台） like I do? Make use of your windowsill by displaying decorations like feathers,

39、candleholders, rocks. anything youve collected over the years. 39 Theres a homey feeling that goes along with letting your bed stay unmade for the day, or slipping your shoes off in the middle of your bedroom. Leave your closet door half open; hang necklaces on your wall; leave your curtain over the

40、 top of a mirror instead of getting it neatly away. 40 AA warm home usually feels casual. BI made it from a stick and some string. CIm proud of my gift for creating wonderful artworks. DAnd the addition can make a space feel warmer, just by looking at it. EIts a good habit to take time to get everyt

41、hing well organized at home. FTo me, theres nothing better than spending a cold evening in a warm home. GIn a word, if you make your space feel lived in, youll enjoy living there all the more. 第三部分第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分语言知识运用（共两节，满分 45 分）分） 第一节 （共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项

42、中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选 项。 Forest bathing is originally a Japanese practice, which is about soaking up(吸收) 41 with all your senses. It 42 participants to get slowly and deliberately into nature. Guided forest-bathing sessions 43 include deep breathing exercises, suggestions for aspects of nature to 44 , and

43、 invitations to share what youve noticed. My first forest bathing 45 was with a guide called Josh Heath. He 46 a fistful of red-spruce tree needles, crushed（压碎）them between his bearlike hands and breathed deeply. I 47 his lead, rolled the 48 between my hands, brought my hands to my 49 , and breathed

44、 in the smell. Then, Heath showed me how to do a fox walk, placing my foot down in a semicircular fashion. I struck the 50 with my heel, then my big toe, followed by my little toe. We crept（悄悄缓慢行进） down the path, and he asked me to notice what was moving. I had to 51 my skeptical inner words and con

45、centrate on my 52 . When I did, I noticed the plants bowing and waving. I 53 a squirrel running across the path. As we approached the lake, I watched a dragonfly flying over the water. I realized that having something 54 to look for helps me focus and stay present. Heath 55 he didnt think much of fo

46、rest bathing at first. But he realized that whenever he felt 56 , he would go fishing or head out into the woods. He found that forest bathing encouraged more mindfulness. The next night I attempted forest bathing on my own. I went back to the lake, looked up, and saw the full brilliance of a starry

47、 sky undisturbed by artificial 57 . I lay down, listening to the wind and the waves. I caught sight of a shooting star 58 behind the trees. It was a(n) 59 natural display-and I 60 understood the need to soak it up. 41Aair Bnature Cspirit Dwater 42Aforces Bpersuades Cencourages Durges 43Atypically Bb

48、arely Cfortunately Dseriously 44Afocus on Bdeal with Cact on Dconnect with 45Alesson Bdemand Cintention Dexperience 46Adiscovered Btook Cnoticed Dthrew 47Aexpected Bfollowed Cmissed Dignored 48Aneedles Bbranches Cearth Dgrass 49Aguide Bfriend Cfeet Dface 50Asquirrel Bfox Cground Dtrunk 51Aquiet Bdisturb Cabsorb Dstress 52Afeelings Bsufferings Csurroundings Dgreetings 53Aprevented Bspotted Cfancied Dheard 54Anew Battractive Cstrange Dspecific 55A