2021-2022年高考英语-虚拟语气用法复习题.doc

1、2021年高考英语 虚拟语气用法复习题一语气概述和时态语态一样，语气也是谓语动词的一种形式，它表明说话者的目的和意图。英语中有三种语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。（有的语法书说语气有四种，即还包括疑问语气）。 eg：He doesnt see very well in his right eye .他右眼视力不太好。（陈述语气） Have they ever been to Australia ?他们去过澳大利亚没有？（疑问语气） Please read through the instruction in advance .请先通读说明书。（祈使语气） 二虚拟语气概述在英语中，由于说话人

2、的意图不同，动词需用不同的形式，称为语气。虚拟语气是指说话人表示一种假设的情况，一种愿望，怀疑，推测，请求等，即认为动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实。虚拟语气可用于状语从句，名词性从句，定语从句及其他结构中。 三非真实条件句中的虚拟语气 真实条件句（遵循主将从现原则）A. 由If引导的两种条件句： 非真实条件句（虚拟语气）以下为If在非真实条件句中虚拟语气的形式和用法：假设类型If从句主句与现在事实相反did(be用were)should/would/could/might do与过去事实相反had doneshould/would/could/might have done与将来事实相反1)d

3、id2)were to do3)should doshould/would/could/might doeg：If I were you ,I would reconsider their advice .如果我是你的话，我会重新考虑他们的意见。（与现在事实相反）You would not have caught a cold if you had put on more clothes .如果你多穿了些衣服，你就不会得感冒了。（与过去事实相反）If I were to / should do it ,I would do it in different way .如果我做这件事，我将用不同的

4、方法做。（与将来事实相反）注意:在非正式文体中，如果If 条件句中有助动词were ,should ,had 可将其提于主语之前（位于句首），再把If省掉，即形成部分倒装。常见的有：If I were you . = Were I you . 如果我是你/我要是你. If it were not for . = Were it not for .如果要不是. If it had not been for .=Had it not been for .如果当时要不是.（主句用:should/could/would/might have done的形式）B. 错综时间条件句。有时，条件句表示的动作

5、和主句表示的动作发生的时间是不一致的，这时，动词的形式要根据表示的时间来调整，这种句子被称为“错综时间条件句”。eg：If the weather had been more favorable ,the crops would be growing still better . .如果天气更好的话，庄稼就会长得跟好些。（从句指过去，主句指现在） If I were you ,I would have taken his advice .我要是你，我就采取了他的建议。（从句指现在，主句指过去） C. 含蓄虚拟条件句(虚拟形式:情+have done/do)。有时假设的情况不以条件句的形式表现出

6、了，而是通过一个介词短语或分词或其他方式表现出来，如：but for（若不是），without,under,otherwise,but,or,but that（若不是）等。当 but(that),or,otherwise+从句 时，用法如下：陈述句 +, or/otherwise 从句（虚拟） 虚拟 + ,but(that) 从句 （陈述句） （技巧： 情+have done + ,but(that) 从句（did） ）。另外：不定式短语或分词也可引导暗含虚拟条件句。eg：You would have laughed to see him jump aside .你要是看到他跳到一边的样子会大

7、笑起来的。 Given more time and money ,he could have done it better than what it is .如果给更多的时间和钱的话，他会把事情做得比现在更好。D. If only.引导的条件句（常用感叹的形式）表示强烈的不满，遗憾或愿望，主句常省略，意为：“要是/如果.该多好啊/就好了！”。用法：从句用did表示与现在事实相反；用would/could/ might do表示与将来事实相反；用had done表示与过去事实相反。（注意：“only if .”意为：“只要.”，位于句首时采用部分倒装。）结构简图： eg：If only I co

8、uld see him once more ! 我要是再见到他就好了！If only we had telephoned him in advance !要是事先给他打个电话就好了！E. Suppose/Supposing /providing/provided (that).,what if.等某些特殊的连词后引导的条件句中（有时无主句），表示与现在或将来事实相反用did；表示与过去相反用had done 。eg：Suppose/Supposing (that) we told her the truth .假定我们把事情的真相告诉她。 What if you came tomorrow i

9、nstead of today . 如果我是你明天来而不是今天来呢？四名词性从句中的虚拟语气即主句含有:建议、命令、请求、要求、愿望、主张等意思时，后面的从句用(should)+V原/should have done的形式。但注意，若从句中含有”竟然，惊讶，诧异”之意时，”should”则不可以省。特殊用法：. wish用法如下：表示与现在相反的愿望: 主语+wish(that).did (were).表示与过去相反的愿望: 主语+wish(that).had done. (注意：如果wish在表达对过去情况的虚拟而不是未实现的愿望时，有时也可用:主语 + wish (that).would/

10、could have done)。3表示与将来相反的愿望： 主语+wish(that).could/would/mightdo 虚拟(意为：建议). suggest (that) + 陈述(意为：表明、暗示、认为)虚拟:动作尚未发生(即:坚持要求做) insist (that) + 陈述:动作已经发生(即:坚持认为某种观点，看法，事实等). had/would sooner/rather + that.从句中意为“宁愿”，用did表示对现在或将来的虚拟；用had done表示对过去的虚拟。. 由as if/though引导的表语从句 虚拟: 同wish用法；be在第一，三人称可用were/wa

11、s。 陈述：表示可能发生的几率很大或被假设为真实的。五副词性从句中的虚拟语气A. as if/though用法虽同wish ，但也有一些区别，如下。as if/though 从句时态不受主句限制:在谈论现在情形时用一般过去时。在谈论过去情形时用：.一般过去时：表示过去当时存在的某种状态，但若状态动词后带有持续的时间状语，则要用过去完成时。eg：They talked as if they had been friends for years. He looked at me as if I were mad.过去完成时: 表过去的动作先于主句而发生，即使主句是现在时，as if 从句中的谓语动

12、词也要用 had done.eg: It seems as if it had gone bad.它闻起来好像坏了。在谈论将来情形时用: would (could/might)+do B. in case ,lest ,for fear that 表“以防，以免”等引导的目的状语中的虚拟语气，其后的形式为: (should)+V原 (但注意 ,in case 句中的should通常不省)。若不用虚拟也可用陈述，即用:一般现在时或过去时。C. even if/though “即使，纵然，虽然”虚拟:同if用法相同 (方法:主句含有情态动词的过去式)。陈述:表示真实情况。六形容词性从句中的虚拟语气

13、固定句型 didIt is(high/about/the very/quite)time+(that)定从译为，“该是的时候了” Should do七虚拟语气的其他用法. 表示过去本打算做而实际上没有做。句型: had done (be,intend,think,mean,plan,hope,etc) to do = Ved + to have done ,would love/like to have done. had hoped 表过去未实现的愿望，译为”要想，希望”，从句谓语常用”would +V原” eg: He had hoped that the family would e b

14、efore his granny came. xx湖北高考. may(might) as well + V原 ，译为”不妨，倒不如”，表示劝说、建议、劝告。若其后带有某种消极情绪时，常用:might. 表示祝愿、命令的简单句中，eg：Long may you live.虚拟用法形式总结: 含三种:所有含if的从句(除what if外)。wish从句。 含两种:某些特殊连词后的条件句。what if从句。would rather从句。定从中的虚拟。 含一种:含蓄虚拟语气(情+have done/do)。名词性从句(除wish外)与表”以防”意义的条件句中的虚拟一样(should+V原)。高考例题

15、：1. If only he _ quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie2. How I wish every family _ a large house with a beautiful garden.A. has B. had C. will have D. had had3. You did not let me drive. If we _ in turn, you _ so tired A. drove; di

16、dnt get B. drove; wouldnt get C. were driving; wouldnt get D. had driven ; wouldnt have got4. _ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yang pu BridgeA. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will5. I suggested the person _ to be put into prisonA. refers B. referring C. referred D. refer6. W

17、hen a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken7. I insisted _ to see a doctor, but he insisted nothing _ wrong with him A. on him to go; should be B. he went; be C. he go; was D. he should to; is8. -Your aunt invites you to th

18、e movies today-I had rather she _ me tomorrow than todayA. tells B. told C. would tell D. had told9. -Would you have called her up had it been possible-Yes, but I _ busy doing my homeworkA. was B. were C. had been D. would be 10. I was ill that day, otherwise I _ the sports meetA. would have taken p

19、art in B. took part in C. had taken part in D. would take part in 11. _ the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easilyA. Had it not been for B. If it were not C. If it had not been for D. Were it not for12. If my lawyer _ _ here last Sunday, he _ me from goingA. had been, would have preve

20、nted B. had been, would prevent C. were, prevent D. were, would have prevented 13. _ hard, he would have passed the examA. If he were to work B. Had he worked C. Should he work D. Were he to work14. _ today, he would get there by FridayA. Were he to leave B. If he had left C. Did he to leave D. Had

21、he left15. Had you listened to the doctor, you _ all right nowA. are B. were C. would be D. would have been16. I did not see your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met my brotherA. has e B. did e C. e D. had e17. He _ busy yesterday, or he _you with your experiment.A. was, had helped B

22、. was, would have helped C. had been, would have helped D. were, would have helped18. If it _ for the snow, we_ the mountain yesterdayA. were not, could have climb B. were not, could climb C. had not been, could have climbed D. hadnt been, could climb 19. Without electricity, human life _ quite diff

23、icult todayA. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be20. -I am going to tell her the news-I would as soon you _ her about it A. didnt tell B. dont tell C. hadnt tell D. wont tell21. Mikes father, as well as his mother, insisted he _ homeA. stayed B. could stay C. has stayed D. stay22. It was re

24、quested that the play _ againA. should put on B. would put on C. be put on D. put on23. She insisted that a doctor _ immediatelyA. had sent for B. send C. be sent for D. was sent24. -Did you scold him for his carelessness-Yes, but _ itA. Id rather not do B. Id rather not have done C. I should t do D

25、. Id better not do25. If only I _ my carA. hadnt lost B. wouldnt lose C. didnt lose D. havent lost26. But for water, it _ impossible to live in the earthA. is B. would C. were D. wouldnt be27. I would rather you _ anything about it for the time beingA. do B. didnt do C. dont D. didnt28. The kind-hea

26、rted couple treat the orphan very well as though he _ their own sonA. is B. were C. had been D. should be29. How the old people wish that they _ young once moreA. were B. could bee C. had been D. should be30. It is high time that we _ a meeting to discuss this problemA. hold B. held C. have held D.

27、had held31. The thief closed his eyes _ he _dyingA. even if , was B. though, would be C. even, had been D. as if, were32. I wish that you _ such a bad headache because I am sure that you would have enjoyed the concertA. had not B. did not have had C. hadnt had D. hadnt have33. The chairman insisted

28、that we _ the question againA. will discuss B. to discuss C. should discuss D. will be discussed34. He requested that the students _ them get in cropsA. help B. to help C. helped D. helping35. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _ the rulesA. obeys B. obey C. will obey D. would obey36. I w

29、ish I _ here thenA. was B. had been C. were D. would be37. It is strange that he _ back so earlyA. came B. will e C. had e D. should have e38. Mother suggested that I _ my homework first before watching TVA. did B. do C. shall do D. have done39. My suggestion is that the meeting _ off till next Sund

30、ayA. be put B. put C. should put D. had been put40. He is talking so much about America as if he _ thereA. had been B. has been C. was D. been41. The teacher demanded that the exam _ before elevenA. must finish B. would be finished C. be finished D. must be finished42. -Sorry, Joe. I did not mean to

31、-Dont call me “Joe”, I am Mr. Parker to you, and _ you forget it!A. do B. didnt C. did D. dont43. I did not attend the lecture by Pro. Jackson. I _ but I _ all this morningA. would, have washed B. could, have been washing C. would have, have been washing D. could have, had washing44. How I wish I _

32、to repair the watch! I only made it worseA. had tried B. hadnt tried C. have tried D. didnt try45. -How could I thank you enough? -Dont mention it. Any other man _ itA. must do B. could do C. would have done D. should have done46. Key European governments insist Iraqs co-operation _ good and militar

33、y action_ to allow inspections to continueA. be, be delayed B. is, delay C. should be, be delayed D. is , be delayed47. If the hurricane had happened during the day-time, _ more deathsA. it would have been B. it would be C. there would be D. there would have been48. What the customers _ from the pan

34、y is that the goods _ right to their homes.A. requested, deliver B. demand, be delivered C. request, should deliver D. demand, delivered49. If law-breakers _ the society will be in disorderA. made unpunished B. came unpunished C. went unpunished D. not punished50. We took a taxi to the airport. Othe

35、rwise we _ lateA. would be B. were C. will be D. would have been51. Supposing he never _, what would happen thenA. e B. came C. would e D. will e52. What do you think is his proposal that we _ a play at the English meetingA. had put on B. should put on C. have put on D. will put on53. I hope that yo

36、u _ rightA. will be B. should be C. were D. would be54. It would be impossible for him to leave hospital tomorrow if _ first aid when the accident happened. A. hadnt been given B. wasnt be given C. shouldnt be given D. wouldnt be given55. He insisted that we _ early the next morningA. start B. start

37、ed C. would start D. had started56. I did not see your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met my brotherA. has e B. did e C. had e D. came57. We _ last night, but we went to the cinema insteadA. must have studied B. might study C. would study D. would have studied58. If it _ for the sno

38、w, we _the Simian Mountain last weekA. were not, could have climbed B. were not, could climb C. had not been , could have climbed D. had not been, could climb59. Without electricity human life _ quite different todayA. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be60. I wish I _ you yesterdayA. seen B

39、. did see C. had seen D. were to see61. He talks as if he _ for agesA. is living there B. was living there C. has lived there D. had lived there62. The judge ordered the thief _ punishedA. should be B. would be C. was to be D. must be63. Her pale face suggested that she _ ill, and her parents sugges

40、ted that she _ a medical examinationA. be, should have B. was, have C. should, had D. was, has64. They are talking _ they had known each other for yearsA. as if B. even if C. like D. because65. Had you done as I told you, you _A. would succeed B. would have succeeded C. were to succeed D. should suc

41、ceed66. _ your help, I _the examA. Without, will fail B. If not , will fail C. But for, would have failed D. If it is not for, would have failed67. I would rather you _ at onceA. leave B. will leave C. left D. should leave68. _ today, she would arrive in New York by Tuesday A. If he leaves B. Would

42、he have left C. Was he leaving D. Were he to leave69. It is high time you _ to schoolA. will go B. would go C. Went D. had gone70. If he had taken the doctors advice, he _ been in hospital nowA. shouldnt B. hadnt C. wouldnt have D. would not71. It is necessary that he _ to the lab right nowA. e B. c

43、ame C. would e D. is ing72. But that he _ it, he wouldnt have believed itA. see B. saw C. had seen D. sees73. Their suggestion is that the wounded soldiers _ to hospital at onceA. be sent B. is sent C. was sent D. should send74. I would buy that car but I _ enough moneyA. do not have B. did not have

44、 C. will not have D. had not had75. If only we _ about the danger, we couldnt have joined youA. knew B. had known C. would know D. should know 76. It was ordered that no smoking _ in the libraryA. was allowed B. would be allowed C. be allowed D. had been allowed77. _ you e earlier, you would have met himA. Should B. Would C. Could D. Had78. -You should have finished your homework earlier-I know but I _ the timeA. dont have B. didnt have C. wont have D. had not79. I tried his best in everything, _ he wouldnt have been what he wasA. otherw