2021届广东省广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试(二)英语试题和答案-.docx

1、秘密启用前试卷类型：B2021年广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试 (二)英语（含答案）本试卷共10页, 满分120分, 考试用时120分钟。注意事项：1 答卷前, 考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、试室号和座位号填写在答题卡上。用2B铅笔将试卷类型 (B) 填涂在答题卡相应位置上, 并在答题卡相应位置上填涂考生号。因笔试不考听力, 试卷从第二部分开始, 试题序号从“21”开始。2.作答选择题时, 选出每小题答案后, 用2B铅笔把答题卡对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑。如需改动, 用橡皮擦干净后, 再选涂其他答案。答案不能答在试卷上。3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答, 答案必须写在答题卡各题目指

2、定区域内的相应位置上；如需改动, 先划掉原来的答案, 然后再写上新答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答无效。4.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。考试结束后, 将试卷和答题卡一并交回。第二部分 阅读 (共两节, 满分50分) 第一节 (共15小题；每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ACHAMBORD CASTLE, LOIR-ET-CHER, FRANCEA remarkable example of classical French architecture, Chambord Castle is the largest c

3、astle in the Loire Valley of France. Built in 1519 as a hunting lodge for the royal court, the building was rarely lived in. There are one hundred rooms (of 440) open-to the public and dozens of staircases, including one said to have been designed by Leonardo da Vinci. The surrounding 21-square-mile

4、 nature park entertains with hiking and-biking routes and boat rentals.LEEDS CASTLE, KENT, UNITED KINGDOMSituated on two islands in the middle of a lake, Leeds Castle provides a grand and romantic experience. It has served as a royal residence for most of its 900-year history. The 500-acre English c

5、astle now hosts year-round cultural events, with three restaurants, a bed-and-breakfast and a yew tree maze.MOSZNA CASTLE, POLANDMoszna Castle was originally designed in Baroque style in the 17th century, but the later addition of a neo-Gothic brought Hogwarts appeal to the castle, especially at nig

6、ht when its 99 towers and glowing windows twinkle in the outdoor reflecting pool. Nowadays, art exhibits and indoor concerts attract visitors to the 365-room castle.BRAN CASTLE, BRASOV, ROMANIABran Castle originally dates back to the year 1212 and is mistakenly believed to be the home in Bram Stoker

7、s Dracula. The author never visited this fortress, commonly known as Draculas Castle, but it still attracts literature fans to its weakly-lit hallways for night tours and an annual Halloween party. 21.What can visitors-to Chambord Castle do?A. Hunt in the nature park.B. Go boating with friends.C. Li

8、ve in any of its rooms.D. Admire da Vincis paintings.22. Visitors interested in beautiful night-time views can go to _.A. CHAMBORD CASTLEB. LEEDS CASTLEC. MOSZNA CASTLED. BRAN CASTLE23.Which castle has the longest history?A. CHAMBORD CASTLE.B. LEEDS CASTLE.C. MOSZNA CASTLE.D. BRAN CASTLE.BTourists t

9、o the North Antrim Coast come for its breathtaking beauty On this stretch of coast, myth and history live side by side, and running out of things to do is near impossible. Giants Causeway, Carrick-a-Rede, the Iron Isles filming locations .However, when I make my way to the north of the-country in Oc

10、tober, none of them are on my mind. What brings me to the coastal town of Portrush are the waves.Located, on a peninsula, Portrush is home to three brilliant beaches and all the usual points of interest of a coastal town. But what makes the North Antrim Coast so special is the promise of the consist

11、ent waves hitting its shores. Although still relatively unknown, its a surfers dream destination. This is the home of six-time Irish national surfing champion, Andrew Hill, after all.I meet Andrew at his surf shop, the most popular in Portrush. After hiring a surf board and jumping in the water at W

12、est Strand, I quickly realise that my trusted wetsuit is not enough. Within just 30 minutes, Ive lost all feeling in my feet and hands, and my ears are burning. I retreat to a nearby caf and gulp down steaming tea before popping by Andrews shop again. Surf boots are what I need, we decide. I leave w

13、ith a new determination to master the icy Atlantic waves. Im invited to surf a different spot with Andrew and his friend that afternoon. but I decline his generous offer. My head is set on one thing only: taking revenge on the same waves that almost turned me into an ice block that very morning.Even

14、 with boots, surfing the cold waters of Portrush leaves my feet purple. I become covered in bruises that dont register until I thaw out each night, and it takes a couple of days to fully regain feeling in my hands. But its worth it, and I would gladly do it all over again.24. What does the underline

15、d word “them” in paragraph 2 refer to?A. The popular attractions.B. Coastal towns.C. The filming locations.D. Passionate tourists.25.Why is the author attracted to the North Antrim Coast?A. It has internationally famous beaches.B. Its home to the usual seaside interests.C. It produces excellent wave

16、s for surfing.D. Its the hometown of a surfing champion.26.The author goes back to the surf shop to_.A. better equip himself for the challengeB. consult with some experienced surfersC. accompany the owner on a later surf tripD. quickly warm himself up with some hot tea27. What is the tone of the pas

17、sage?A. Narrative and serious.B. Persuasive and critical.C. Descriptive and positive.D. Informative and objective.CWhen the Chinese spacecraft (航天器) Change-5 returned to Earth on December 17, 2020, it brought back something not seen on our planet since the 1970s: moon rock samples. Thisprecious carg

18、o, collected by Change-5s robotic research vehicle in the northwest region of the lunar near side, is now being studied by scientists in Beijing. The success of the latest Chinese space mission also showcased technology that may be used in future years to create human settlements on Earths near neig

19、hbour.The returned lunar samples will “absolutely add new knowledge of the history of the moon, particularly its volcanoes,” says Xiao Long, a planetary scientist at China University of Geosciences. The rocks sent back by Change-5 “will ask us to rethink about why and how the moons volcanic history

20、lasted this long,” he says.The Change-5 mission was more than just a trip to collect moon rocks. It was also the latest stage of a long, planned sequence of robotic lunar explorations by China that have grown ever more scientifically advanced.The program began with the 2007 launch of Change-1 and Ch

21、ange-2 three years later. These craft circled the moon collecting data used to help guide Change-3 and Change-4, the first Chinese spacecraft to land on the moon surface, and to direct their robotic vehicles. The robot on Change-5 was able to collect rock and soil samples and return them to Earth. I

22、n the near future, an identical spacecraft called Change-6 will attempt a sample-return mission from the moons south pole an area of intense scientific interest-given the large amount of water ice present.The more advanced Change-7 and Change-8 spacecraft are also planned to land near the south pole

23、 to carry out analysis of the region and test new technologies, including detecting and obtaining materials that could be useful to future human explorers, such as water and hydrogen, and testing 3-D printing on the lunar surface.The long-term aim of the Changs program is to establish an Internation

24、al Lunar ResearchStation around 2030 to support robotic and, eventually, crewed missions.28.What is paragraph 2 mainly about?A. The moons recent volcanic activities.B. The significance of the moon rock samples.C. New knowledge of the history of the moon.D. Further studies of the returned lunar sampl

25、es.29.What distinguishes the mission of Change-6 from that of Change-5?A. The technology they use.B. The time they spend on the moon.C. The specific locations they explore.D. The amount of material they bring back.30.Change-7 and Change-8 space missions are mainly intended to _.A. transport research

26、ers to the moon stationB. build up an International Lunar Research StationC. collect data necessary to guide moon-landing spacecraftD. find and test resources and means to support living on the moon31. Which of the following best summarizes the Changs space program?A. A project to study the surface

27、of the moon.B. A plan to improve human settlements on the moon.C. A set of experiments to test the possibility of manned spacecraft.D. A series of increasingly challenging scientific lunar explorations.DWhat makes people so special? Tool use, self-consciousness, language, and culture are high on the

28、 list, but in fact all of these characteristics can be found elsewhere in the animal kingdom. Humans and apes are close relatives, so it is perhaps not surprising that chimpanzees use tools or that gorillas (大猩猩) have a sense of fair play, even rejecting carrots (which they normally accept) when the

29、y see their neighbors getting grapes. But the qualities that we often think of as uniquely human exist not just on land, but in the ocean as well.Among the invertebrates, octopuses (八爪鱼) are known for their intelligence, even exhibiting evidence of playfulness, tool use, and personality. But these s

30、killed predators live alone and consequently lack culture. Dolphins, on the other hand, are large-brained, long-living, social- group-based predators, and it is here that we find the greatest similarity to human-like culture and awareness.Culture depends on the ability of animals to pass on things t

31、hey have learned to others. Many animals have culture in this sense, but what sets dolphins apart is what they pass on. Some bottlenose dolphins hold sponges in their mouths that they use as tools to sweep for fish hiding on the ocean floor. This ability is handed down through generations (especiall

32、y in females), with some families- grandmother, mother, and daughter - all feeding in this highly specialized way.Another characteristic that dolphins share with humans is their ability to recognize themselves in a mirror. When facing a mirror, most animals behave as though they are interacting with

33、 another individual. Even in humans, the ability to recognize that the image in a mirror is oneself does not occur before the age of 18 months. Dolphins not only recognize themselves, but if a black mark is put on the body of a dolphin, it will spend extra time at the mirror to look at the mark.32.T

34、he example of gorillas rejecting carrots shows they _.A. are not easy to foolB. prefer fruit to vegetablesC. have a special taste for foodD. have an awareness of equality33.What do octopuses lack compared with dolphins?A. Social interaction.B. Intelligence.C. Tool using ability.D. Fun-loving spirits

35、.34. What makes dolphin culture special?A. They tend to hunt in groups.B. Their hunting skills are passed down.C. Their learning environment is favourable.D. Their families are typically female-controlled.35.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A. Dolphins enjoy looking at their own reflecti

36、on in the mirror.B. Dolphins are as intelligent as a typical 18-month-old human baby.C. Dolphins are generally regarded as the most advanced non-human species.D. Dolphins ability to recognize their own reflection is a higher-order mental skill.第二节 (共5小题；每小题2.5分, 满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳

37、选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Critical thinking is making an effort to improve the way you think. 36 We use this process to solve problems, make arguments and evaluate claims. Its important in just about every area of life. Most of our thinking is not critical thinking. We dont need to make many judgments to trave

38、l to work or cook dinner. 37 Critical thinking can save us from blindly making poor choices. So how can you improve your critical thinking skills? You need to practise. There are many ways of doing that. Here are a few: 38 Look at articles or books written by people on all sides of the issue. For ea

39、ch source, evaluate the argument: What claim is it making? What reasons does it give? Are the reasons logical?When you see or hear a claim, ask questions about it. Who is making the claim and why? What is the claimants background and how does this motivate their opinion?Evaluate your own thinking. W

40、here do you tend to not think critically? Why dont you? How can you improve?Question things you assume. What claims do you accept without knowing the reasons for them? 39 Try to find out what others believe about that claim and why.As you grow in critical thinking, youll become a wiser and more thou

41、ghtful person. 40 A. Stick to your claim.B. Read about a topic people disagree on.C. When you think of one, do some research.D. Its analyzing facts separately so you can make decisions.E. And it may help you to succeed at work or school as well.F. Well only use it if we make a conscious effort to as

42、k questions about what we see.G. But when a problem comes our way, we need to think critically to decide how to solve it.第三部分 语言运用 (共两节；满分30分) 第一节 (共15小题；每小题1分, 满分15分) 阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。A famous theorist once said, “I dont divide the world into the weak and the strong: or the

43、successes and the failures.I divide the world into the learners and the non-learners.”What on earth would make someone a non-learner? Everyone is born with an intense 41 to learn. Babies rise to the learning challenge daily. Not just for 42 tasks, but the most difficult ones of a lifetime, like lean

44、ing to walk and talk. They never decide its too hard or not worth the 43 . Babies dont worry about making mistakes or 44 themselves. They walk, they fall, they 45 .What puts an end to this fearless learning? A fixed mindset. As soon as children become able to evaluate themselves, some of them become

45、 46 of challenges. They worry about not being 47 . My research team have studied thousands of people from preschoolers on, and Its breathtaking how many 48 an opportunity to learn.We offered four-year-olds a 49 ：they could redo an easy jigsaw (拼图) or try a harder one. Even at this young age, childre

46、n with a fixed mindset stuck with the 50 one. They believe smart kids dont make 51 .Children with a growth mindset, however, thought it was a 52 choice. Why would anyone want to keep doing the same puzzle 53 ? They chose increasingly difficult-ones instead.Believing that success is about learning, c

47、hildren with a growth mindset seized the chance. But those with a fixed mindset didnt want to expose their 54 . This is how a fixed mindset makes people into 55 .41.A. fear B. drive C. competition D. concentration42.A. crucial B. mental C. ordinary D. particular43.A. attention B. effort C. interest

48、D. time44.A. confusing B. behaving C. punishing D. hurting45.A. get up B. give up C. show up D. shut up46.A. afraid B. ashamed C. confident D. ignorant47.A. adorable B. curious C. modest D. smart48.A. seize B. ruin C. reject D. require49.A. lesson B. choice C. gift D. game50.A. challenging B. interesting C. new D. simple51