2021届山东省烟台市高三下学期5月适应性练习(一)英语试题(解析版).doc

1、2021年高考适应性练习（一）英语注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂 黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在 答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，只交答题卡。第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AHere are four famous museums for family visits in Washington

2、DC.Dinosaur MuseumThe museum features evidence, facts and tons of amazing sculptures of some of the most powerful and sometimes scary animals that ever controlled the Earth. The artists used real dinosaur bones to form the reproductions so they are extremely life-like.Witte MuseumOriginally establis

3、hed in 1926, this museum offers guests a comprehensive look at a more than 3-century span （跨度）of history. Called the center where nature, science and culture meet, the museum prides itself on providing guests with immersive （沉浸的）experiences, such as being taken back to cowboy days in the Heritage Ce

4、nter or digging through sand to find dinosaur bones.The best part? The museum is constantly switching out some exhibits to better suit the season and provide guests with a different experience each time they visit.Museum of IllusionsStep inside a completely new world at Orlandos newest exhibit the M

5、useum of Illusions! This unique educational attraction is the perfect combination of fun and art, allowing visitors of all ages to test the limits of their mind. Focused on planting the seeds of curiosity, the astonishing images at the exhibitions remind guests that everything is not always as it se

6、ems. Worlds Largest Toy MuseumRelease your inner kid and visit the Worlds Largest l oy Museum, which will take you back in time with one million toys from the 1800s to today. Youll surely be excited to check out your hero toys from your childhood. The tours are self-guided and guests are allowed to

7、leave and return during the same day.1. Which of the museums is best at stimulating childrens imagination?A. Dinosaur Museum.B. Witte Museum.C. Museum of Illusions.D. Worlds Largest Toy Museum.2. What can a tourist do in the Witte Museum?A. Visit some seasonal exhibits.B. Watch the dinosaur reproduc

8、tions.C. Enjoy interacting with true cowboys.D. Learn about the museums 300-year history.3. What can we learn about Worlds Largest Toy Museum?A. It displays the oldest toys in the world.B. It provides visitors with immersive experiences.C. It is meant for children with the theme of heroes.D. It allo

9、ws tourists to come unlimited times in a day.【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了华盛顿特区供家庭参观的四个著名博物馆。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据文章Museum of Illusions中的“This unique educational attraction is the perfect combination of fun and art, allowing visitors of all ages to test the limits of their mind. Focused on pla

10、nting the seeds of curiosity, the astonishing images at the exhibitions remind guests that everything is not always as it seems.(这个独特的教育景点是乐趣和艺术的完美结合，允许不同年龄的游客测试他们的思维极限。为了激发参观者的好奇心，这些令人惊叹的图片提醒参观者，事情并不总是看起来那样。)”可知，Museum of Illusions最能激发孩子们的想象力。故选C。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据文章Witte Museum中的“The museum is constan

11、tly switching out some exhibits to better suit the season and provide guests with a different experience each time they visit. (为了更好地适应这个季节，博物馆会不断更换一些展品，每次参观都能给游客带来不同的体验。)”可知，游客在Witte Museum可以观赏一些季节性的展品。故选A。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据文章Worlds Largest Toy Museum中的“The tours are self-guided and guests are allowed

12、to leave and return during the same day. (旅行团是自助游，游客可以在当天离开和返回。)”可知，Worlds Largest Toy Museum允许游客在一天内无限制地来参观。故选D。BWith bars shut down all over the world, that sense of community has now been absent for over a year. But one bar in Mexico decided to do something about it by recreating some of those so

13、unds at a bar for those confined （限制）at home.Started in 2012 by Oscar Romo, the bar named Maverick was a little neighborhood spot with live music and a small patio （露台）outside. It was a place for everyone to interact and Romo called it A Place For Encounters.Things went well until the pandemic （疫情）h

14、it in 2020. Everything was closed, says Romo with a sigh. We were not allowed to sell anything for two months. Obviously, the bar was hurting financially. But what hurt Romo most was that the sense of community they had worked so hard to build evaporated overnight. I didnt realize how important it w

15、as. Those normal things that you took for granted are now not there. Its really painful, he says.Romo determined to do something and that was where things got interesting. Considering the silence the outbreak brought about, he came to a realization: It was the sounds of the bar that really brought t

16、he sense of community home.People came here because of the conversations, the atmosphere, the music and the sense of being with stranger, Romo says. So he recorded each of those sounds individually on a website, called IMissMyB. The idea was that customers could put all the sounds together, and feel

17、 like they were in Maverick, while sitting around their homes, having a drink. It really worked.The website has been getting noticed and shared by people who are going through the same feeling of loss around the world.“What we want is for people to realize how important bars are in our lives, really

18、, not just from the drinking angle, but from the social life, Romo says.4. what does the underlined word “evaporated” in paragraph 3 mean?A. Expanded.B. Disappeared.C. Caught on.D. Got misunderstood.5. Why did Romo create the website IMissMyB?A. To win reputation for his bar.B. To get higher economi

19、c profits.C. To make online orders convenient.D. To recover the sense of community.6. Which of the following best describes Romo?A. Energetic and conventional.B. Humble and imaginative.C. Caring and creative.D. Generous and cooperative.7. What can we infer from the text?A. The bar culture helps stre

20、ngthen social bonds.B. Maverick has managed to live through the pandemic.C. Many bars will restore their business with Romos support.D. Romos website contributes to building harmonious communities.【答案】4. B 5. D 6. C 7. A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Oscar Romo创造的酒吧。随着世界各地的酒吧被关闭，这种社区意识已经消失了一年多。但是墨西哥的一家酒吧决定做点

21、什么来改变这一现状，他们在酒吧里为那些被困在家里的人重现了这些声音。酒吧文化有助于加强社会联系。【4题详解】词句猜测题。根据第三段中“I didnt realize how important it was. Those normal things that you took for granted are now not there. Its really painful, he says.（我不知道这有多重要。那些你认为理所当然的正常事物现在已经不存在了。这真的很痛苦，他说）”可知，最让Romo伤心的是，他们如此努力建立起来的社区意识在一夜之间蒸发了。由此推知划线词的意思是“消失”。故选B

22、。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段中“So he recorded each of those sounds individually on a website, called IMissMyB. The idea was that customers could put all the sounds together, and feel like they were in Maverick, while sitting around their homes, having a drink. It really worked.（于是他在一个名为IMissMyB的网站上分别录制了这些声音。我们

23、的想法是，顾客可以把所有的声音放在一起，当他们坐在家里，喝着饮料的时候，感觉就像在Maverick一样。真的起作用）”可知，Romo之所以要创建IMissMyB网站，是为了恢复社区意识。故选D。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Started in 2012 by Oscar Romo, the bar named Maverick was a little neighborhood spot with live music and a small patio （露台）outside. It was a place for everyone to interact and Romo call

24、ed it A Place For Encounters.（2012年，奥斯卡罗莫(Oscar Romo)创办了这家名为Maverick的酒吧，它是一个小社区，有现场音乐表演，外面有一个小露台。这是一个每个人都可以互动的地方，Romo称它为“相遇的地方”）”可知，Romo关心他人；再根据第四段“Romo determined to do something and that was where things got interesting. Considering the silence the outbreak brought about, he came to a realization:

25、 It was the sounds of the bar that really brought the sense of community home.（Romo决定做点什么，这就是事情变得有趣的地方。考虑到这次爆发所带来的寂静，他意识到:是酒吧的声音真正给家里带来了社区的感觉）”和第五段中“So he recorded each of those sounds individually on a website, called IMissMyB.（于是他在一个名为IMissMyB的网站上分别录制了这些声音。）”可知，Romo具有创造力。故选C。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据第六段“The

26、website has been getting noticed and shared by people who are going through the same feeling of loss around the world.（这个网站已经引起了世界各地有同样失落感的人们的注意和分享）”和第七段“What we want is for people to realize how important bars are in our lives, really, not just from the drinking angle, but from the social life（我们想让

27、人们意识到酒吧在我们生活中的重要性，不仅仅是从喝酒的角度，而是从社交生活的角度）”可知，酒吧文化有助于加强社会联系。故选A。CThe 30 by 30 campaign to protect 30% of the worlds oceans by 2030, supported by more than 70 nations, is known mostly for ambition and few achievements so far. Just 7% of the seas are protected and only 2.7% are highly protected.Setting

28、aside nearly a third of the oceans, the fishers say, is an idea developing nations in South America and elsewhere can hardly afford. That argument against a large expansion of sea protected areas is heard around the world, and the gap between conservationists and fishers has grown wider as fish popu

29、lation declines and the appetite for seafood grows along with the global population.Research published recently aims to dramatically change that situation. The study suggests that protecting 30% of the oceans not only could restore biodiversity to ocean habitats, it could also increase the annual gl

30、obal catch by eight million tons about 10% of the catch today. After all, the only way to get more food from the ocean is to protect more. And, as a bonus, it would provide a cheap, natural solution to climate change by reducing the amount of seafloor carbon emitted （排放）into the seas by fishing traw

31、lers （拖网渔船）.In the study, an international team of 26 scientists analyzed the worlds unprotected ocean waters to calculate which are threatened by overfishing, habitat destruction, and release of carbon. The team then mapped locations globally where protections would provide the greatest benefits to

32、 fish resources, biodiversity and climate.The findings can be used by nations to address the three related aspects separately or in combination. Fully addressing all three will require that at least 30% of the oceans be protected, but nations can still realize significant protections by focusing on

33、key areas, and global cooperation to strategically locate protected areas can be nearly twice as effective as individual nations working alone.8 What are the first two paragraphs mainly about?A. The wide support for the campaign.B. The challenges of protecting the oceans.C. The worldwide efforts to

34、resist illegal fishing.D. The achievements in reducing ocean pollution.9. Which is not the benefit of restoring oceans?A. It keeps sea species stable.B. It improves the global climate.C. It helps to increase fish population.D. It removes carbon from the seafloor.10. What is the purpose of the text?A

35、. To discuss the methods of fishing sustainably.B. To stress the importance of biological balance.C. To appeal for building ocean protected areas globally.D. To introduce the background of the 30 by 30 campaign.11. In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?A. Environment.B. Geography.C. T

36、ravel.D. Economy.【答案】8. B 9. D 10. C 11. A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述“30 by30”保护世界30%的海洋的运动收效甚微以及面临的问题，并给出保护世界30%的海洋的运动会带来很多益处，呼吁全世界扩大海洋保护区域【8题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“The 30 by 30 campaign to protect 30% of the worlds oceans by 2030, only 2.7% are highly protected.” （由70多个国家支持的“30 by30”运动旨在到2030年保护世界30%的海洋。迄今为

37、止，该运动以雄心勃勃而闻名，但收效甚微。只有7%的海洋受到了保护，只有2.7%受到了高度保护。）第二段“Setting aside nearly a third of the oceans, and the gap between conservationists and fishers has grown wider as fish population declines and the appetite for seafood grows along with the global population.”（ 渔民们说，留出近三分之一的海洋是南美和其他地区的发展中国家难以承受的。这种反对大

38、规模扩大海洋保护区的论调在全世界都能听到，随着鱼类数量的减少，对海产品的需求随着全球数量的增长而增长，自然资源保护主义者和渔民之间的差距越来越大。）由此可知前两段主要讲保护海洋运动收效甚微，并且南美和很多地方反对大规模扩大海洋保护区，因此前两段描述的是保护海洋运动面临的问题，故选B。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“The study suggests that protecting 30% of the oceans not only could restore biodiversity to ocean habitats, it could also increase the annua

39、l global catch by eight million tons about 10% of the catch today. After all, the only way to get more food from the ocean is to protect more. And, as a bonus, it would provide a cheap, natural solution to climate change by reducing the amount of seafloor carbon emitted （排放）into the seas by fishing

40、trawlers （拖网渔船）.”（这项研究表明，保护30%的海洋不仅可以恢复海洋栖息地的生物多样性，还可以使全球年捕鱼量增加800万吨，约为目前捕鱼量的10%。毕竟，从海洋中获取更多食物的唯一方法就是保护更多的海洋。此外，作为奖励，它将通过减少拖网渔船排放到海洋中的海底碳量，为气候变化提供一种“廉价、自然的解决方案”。）由此可知，恢复海洋的好处包括恢复海洋栖息地的生物多样性，捕鱼量上涨，减少排放的碳量，改善气候，因此D选项错误，故选D。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“The 30 by 30 campaign to protect 30% of the worlds oceans

41、by 2030, only 2.7% are highly protected.” （由70多个国家支持的“30 by30”运动旨在到2030年保护世界30%的海洋。迄今为止，该运动以雄心勃勃而闻名，但收效甚微。只有7%的海洋受到了保护，只有2.7%受到了高度保护。）以及最后一段“Fully addressing all three will require that at least 30% of the oceans be protected, but nations can still realize significant protections by focusing on key

42、areas, and global cooperation to strategically locate protected areas can be nearly twice as effective as individual nations working alone.”（全面解决这三个问题需要至少30%的海洋得到保护，但各国仍然可以通过关注关键领域来实现重大保护，而且在战略上确定保护区的全球合作可以比各国单独行动的效果高出近一倍。）由此可知，文章主要是为了呼吁全世界建立海洋保护区域，故选C。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据文章描述可知主要讲述30 by30”保护世界30%的海洋的运动收

43、效甚微以及面临的问题，并给出保护世界30%的海洋的运动会带来很多益处，呼吁全世界扩大海洋保护区域，所以这是一篇关于环保的文章，最可能出现报纸的环境部分，故选A。【点睛】推理判断题的推断对象主要包括隐含意思、目标读者、观点态度、文章出处、写作意图等。以推断隐含意义的题目居多。推断隐含意义，即要求根据文章的某个句子、段落或全文所提供的事实进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到、没有明说或者可能发生的事实。题干中常含infer（推断），suggest（暗示），imply（暗示），indicate（暗示），conclude（推断，得出结论）等词语。解此类题，首先找到相关信息，然后细读、理解相关信息的字面意义

44、，最后结合语境和常识，在字面意义的基础上进行符合逻辑的推断，从而理解作者的言外之意。如小题3，根据文章第一段“The 30 by 30 campaign to protect 30% of the worlds oceans by 2030, only 2.7% are highly protected.” （由70多个国家支持的“30 by30”运动旨在到2030年保护世界30%的海洋。迄今为止，该运动以雄心勃勃而闻名，但收效甚微。只有7%的海洋受到了保护，只有2.7%受到了高度保护。）以及最后一段“Fully addressing all three will require that a

45、t least 30% of the oceans be protected, but nations can still realize significant protections by focusing on key areas, and global cooperation to strategically locate protected areas can be nearly twice as effective as individual nations working alone.”全面解决这三个问题需要至少30%的海洋得到保护，但各国仍然可以通过关注关键领域来实现重大保护，

46、而且在战略上确定保护区的全球合作可以比各国单独行动的效果高出近一倍。由此可知，文章主要是为了呼吁全世界建立海洋保护区域，故选C。DA study of Australian teens Instagram （a popular photo social media platform） usage found 57% of Australian teenagers use it, while 30% reported being contacted by a stranger, and 20% reported being sent inappropriate unwanted content.

47、Facebook is considering launching a version of Instagram for children under the age of 13 to safely use it. Currently the company does not allow people who are under 13 to create an account on the platform. A spokesperson for Facebook, announced the company was exploring a parent-controlled version,

48、 similar to the Messenger Kids app that is for kids between 6 and 12.Increasingly kids are asking their parents if they can join apps that help them keep up with their friends. Right now there arent many options for parents, so were working on building additional products that are suitable for kids, managed by parents, the spokesperson said. Were exploring bringing a parent-controlled experience to Instagram to help kids keep up with their friends, discover new hobbies and interests, and more.In a blog post, the company no