2021届广东汕头市高三年级普通高中毕业班教学质量监测英语试题(解析版).doc

1、汕头市2021届普通高中毕业班教学质量监测英语本试卷共8页，满分120分。考试用时120分。注意事项：1答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号和座位号填写在答题卡上。2作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑；如需要改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案。答案不能答在试卷上。3非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答无效。4考生必须保证答题卡的整洁。考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分

2、）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、 B、 C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ANOTED GLOBAL UNIVERSITIESUniversity education is something that remains embedded within us till our last breath. Here are some famous universities with wonderful academic research performance and global reputations.Harvard UniversityFound

3、ed in 1636, Harvard has the largest endowment in the world, with over 20% international students. Its library is the largest academic one in the world, possessing around 19 million volumes at its over 70 libraries. For Harvard undergraduates, the majorssocial sciences, biology/biological sciences, h

4、istory, math and psychology, are their top choices.Tsinghua UniversityTsinghua traces back to 1911, whose international students come from over 100 countries. Recently, 41% of the universitys non-Chinese students were under graduates. It offers various subjects: science, engineering, literature, art

5、s, history, philosophy, economics, management, law, education and medicine, with around 200 student groups, such as the Zijing Volunteer Service.University of OxfordThe exact date of its founding is unknown, but it traces back to at least 1096. More than half of Oxfords graduates conduct research as

6、 part of their studies. Research at Oxford takes place in its academic divisions: humanities, mathematical, physical and life sciences, medical sciences, and social sciences.University of MunichFounded in 1472, its home to the social science and humanities disciplines, while its HighTech Campus is h

7、ome to the natural and life sciences. It has 18 academic divisions, including faculties of business administration, medicine and social sciences and offers over 200 degree programs.1. Which majors are the most popular with Harvard undergraduates?A. Social sciences and education.B. Biological science

8、s and history.C. Psychology and law.D. Math and arts.2. Which university is home to social science and humanities disciplines?A. Harvard University.B. Tsinghua University.C. University of Oxford.D. University of Munich.3. Which is the youngest among these four noted universities?A. Tsinghua Universi

9、ty.B. University of Oxford.C. Harvard University.D. University of Munich.【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四所具有出色学术研究业绩和全球声誉的著名大学。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据Harvard University部分中“For Harvard undergraduates, the majorssocial sciences, biology/biological sciences, history, math and psychology, are their top cho

10、ices.(对于哈佛大学的本科生来说，社会科学、生物/生物科学、历史、数学和心理学是他们的首选)”结合选项可知，生物科学和历史专业最受哈佛本科生的欢迎。故选B。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据University of Munich部分中“Founded in 1472, its home to the social science and humanities disciplines, while its HighTech Campus is home to the natural and life sciences.(它成立于1472年，是社会科学和人文学科的发源地，而它的“高科技校园”是自然

11、科学和生命科学的发源地)”可知，慕尼黑大学是社会科学和人文学科的发源地。故选D。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据Harvard University部分中“Founded in 1636(成立于1636年)”；Tsinghua University部分中“Tsinghua traces back to 1911(清华大学始建于1911年)”；University of Oxford部分中“it traces back to at least 1096(它至少可以追溯到1096年)”以及University of Munich部分中“Founded in 1472(它成立于1472年)”可知，四所著

12、名大学中，清华大学建校最晚，校龄最小。故选A。BShay cannot learn as other children do. When a child like Shay comes into the world, an opportunity to realize true human nature presents itself, and it comes, in the way other people treat that child. Seeing some boys playing baseball, Shay wondered if he could join in. His

13、father knew it difficult, but he also understood if Shay were allowed, it would give him a sense of belonging.Thankfully, Shay was admitted by one boy, whose team was losing by one run (跑垒分), to play in the outfield. Though no hits came his way, Shay was still ecstatic just to be in the game, grinni

14、ng (咧着嘴笑) from ear to ear as his father waved to him. Eventually, the potential winning came while Shay was scheduled to be next at bat. At this juncture (关头), let Shay bat and give away their chance to win the game?Surprisingly, Shay was given the bat. Everyone knew the hit was impossible. Shay did

15、nt even know how to hold the bat properly. The pitcher (投手) moved in some steps to throw softly so Shay could hit it, but Shay swung clumsily and missed. The pitcher took more steps forward to throw softly again. This time, Shay made it, hitting a slow ground ball back to the pitcher.The pitcher pic

16、ked up the ball and could have easily thrown it to the first baseman. Shay would have been out and that would have been the end of the game. Instead, the pitcher threw it on a high arc (弧) to right field, far beyond the reach of the first baseman. Everyone started yelling, “Shay, run to first!” Neve

17、r in his life had Shay ever made it. He scampered (惊慌奔跑) down the baseline, wide-eyed and frightened. “Run to second!” Meanwhile, the first baseman had the ball, who could have thrown it to the second baseman, but he also intentionally threw the ball higher and farther over the third basemans head.

18、“Run to third!” the boys from both teams were screaming, “Shay, run home!”That day, Shay was cheered as the hero who hit the “grand slam” (全垒打) and won the game for his team. In the stand, a mans face was flooded with tears.4. According to Shays father, what could Shay get from playing baseball with

19、 the boys?A. True human nature.B. Peoples presents.C. A sense of belonging.D. Physical exercise.5. What does the underlined word “ecstatic” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?A. Shy.B. Puzzled.C. Thrilled.D. Embarrassed.6. Why did the basemen throw the ball high and far?A. To win the game.B. To make Shay

20、run longer.C. To create a high and beautiful arc.D. To assist Shay to hit the “grand slam”.7. What can we learn from Shays story?A. Never say die.B. Sharp tools make good work.C. Every dog has its day.D. Kindness is not a science, but an action.【答案】4. C 5. C 6. D 7. D【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，文章讲述了两个棒球队的男孩子们如何在棒

21、球赛场上，帮助患有认知障碍的孩子取得成功的故事。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“His father knew it difficult, but he also understood if Shay were allowed, it would give him a sense of belonging. (他的父亲知道这很困难，但他也明白一旦Shay被他们接受，将给他一股归属感)”可知，在父亲看来，和男孩们玩棒球可以给Shay归属感。故选C。【5题详解】词义猜测题。分析该词所在的句子，前半部分是though引导的让步状语从句，所以主从句为转折关系；再分析从句意思，“尽管球并没往

22、他的方向去”，可推出，主句意为“但是他仍然是很兴奋的，只是因为参与了比赛中”，所以可推出，该词是“兴奋的”。故选C。【6题详解】推理判断题。结合全文内容和中心主旨可知，不仅本方球队为Shay鼓劲加油，对方球队也暗中用自己的方式鼓励Shay。他们通过故意把球扔得更高更远甚至扔错方向，为Shay的跑动赢得时间。文章最后一段，“That day, Shay was cheered as the hero who hit the “grand slam” (全垒打) and won the game for his team.(那天，Shay被当做击中“全垒打”的英雄，为他的团队赢得了比赛)”更是直接

23、点出此目的。故选D。【7题详解】推理判断题。本文讲述了两队棒球队的男孩子们不仅允许患有认知障碍的Shay参与比赛，还在比赛最后关头，对方球队的众队员还帮助Shay打出“全垒打”的神奇操作，让Shay很兴奋，获得归属感的感人故事。体现出善良是一种细微的行动。故选D。CSome people have glibly（轻率地）called it the Chinese burger. But roujiamo, a food that has its origins in northern Chinas Shaanxi Province, is different from what youd or

24、der at Burger King, with a far longer 2,000-year-old history. Roujiamo is a thing of beauty a soft but chewy bun filled with small pieces of braised（炖）pork.Most amazingly, some customers might show their respect for the pork in this little bun, which was just bathed in the soup that is older than th

25、em. Among a sea of tough competition, Lijiarongxi, a restaurant recognized as the best roujiamo place in town, should owe its success to the soup used to slow-cook its meat, which has been braised on the stove since the founder, Mr. Li, first braised it 27years ago. In fact, most restaurants of good

26、 fame have an exclusive heritage recipe（家传秘方）for their soups that often date back to decades ago. The soup in Fanji Roujiamo, one of Xians best-known roujiamo restaurants, is believed to be more than 80 years old!You might eat the bun quickly in seconds, but like all good things, it should be given

27、time to enjoy. Chefs braise the pork in its decade-old soup for hours and let it sit overnight, making the meat more tender. Such tenderly cooked meat is what lends this dish the nickname lao han xi in Xianyang. Thats because the best roujiamo meat is so soft that it should melt in your mouth withou

28、t having to chew it imagining the elderly customers in question, without a perfect set of teeth.Its also worth noting that like most types of regional Chinese food, roujiamo varies depending on the city and community. Buns come baked or pan-fried, and for the meat, Muslim communities in Shaanxi ofte

29、n use beef, while people in Ningxia usually choose lamb.8. What is right about roujiamo?A. A soft but chewy bun with meat.B. A pork bun with a history less than 2,000 years.C. A kind of food ordered at Burger King.D. A typical burger originating in Shaanxi Province.9. What is the main factor that ma

30、kes roujiamo amazing?A. A sea of fierce competition.B. The softness of the meat.C. The soup used to braise the meat.D. Its exclusive heritage recipes.10. What does the nickname lao han xi suggest in Paragraph 3?A. The decade-old soup is so attractive that the old feel like bathing in it.B. The meat

31、gets soft and is friendly for the old to eat, making them happy.C. The meat turns tough after being braised in its decade-old soup for hours.D. The meat melts in the mouth of the old, who sigh for not tasting it successfully.11. What are the tones of the passage?A. Humorous and affectionate.B. Ridic

32、ulous and religious.C. Serious but affectionate.D. Humorous but ridiculous.【答案】8. A 9. C 10. B 11. A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了陕西小吃肉夹馍。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句，“Roujiamo is a thing of beauty a soft but chewy bun filled with small pieces of braised（炖）pork.”（肉夹馍是一种美的东西，一种软且有嚼劲且又充满了小肉块的东西），可知，肉夹馍是夹带肉且有嚼劲的饼。故选A

33、。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段第一句，“Most amazingly, some customers might show their respect for the pork in this little bun, which was just bathed in the soup that is older than them.”（最令人震惊的是，有些顾客可能还得对这个圆饼里的猪肉表示敬意，因为它们刚刚从汤龄比他们还大的肉汤中沐浴出来），可知，人们震惊的是，炖肉的汤时间长。故选C。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句，也就是该该昵称的下一句，“Thats because th

34、e best roujiamo meat is so soft that it should melt in your mouth without having to chew it imagining the elderly customers in question, without a perfect set of teeth.”（这是因为肉夹馍的肉是如此的嫩以致于达到入口即化程度，不用咀嚼它，想象一下没有好的牙齿的那些老年人），可知，肉夹馍之所以得名“老汉喜”，是因为肉不需要咀嚼，很适合年老的没有牙齿的老年人。故选B。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段第一句，“Most amazin

35、gly, some customers might show their respect for the pork in this little bun, which was just bathed in the soup that is older than them”，（最令人震惊的是，有些顾客可能还得对这个圆饼里的猪肉表示敬意，因为它们刚刚从汤龄比他们还大的肉汤中沐浴出来），这句介绍顾客对这个小肉饼毕恭毕敬，是因为很可能里面的肉馅刚刚从比他们还年长的肉汤中沐浴出来；再根据第三段介绍肉馅的入口即化时，引用当地为肉夹馍取的昵称“老汉喜”，通俗接地气，又在解释后引导读者想象这么一个画面介绍了这

36、么一款入口即化的美食，牙口不好的众老年人疑惑连连。因此可知，文章风格是幽默，字里行间看得出作者对这种传统食品的喜爱之情。故选A。【点睛】DIn Judgement Day, one of the hit film series Terminator, a cyborg (生化人) played by Schwarzenegger could heal his skin wound magically, that is, he makes the skin repair itself in less than a second. Recently, according to Mirror, a

37、smart electronic skin like it has been developed, which is as strong, stretchy and sensitive as humans.Previous attempts to electronically copy human skin have fallen short. Making suitably flexible electronics that can perform delicate tasks while also enduring the bumps and scrapes of everyday lif

38、e is challenging, and each material involved must be carefully engineered. The previous sensor layer was too weak or too strong, reducing its durability, sensitivity or flexibility, which makes it more likely to break.With the development of 2D sensors and hydrogel (水凝胶), scientists efforts paid off

39、, linking sensor layer with skin functionally and durably. Study author Dr Jie Shen said, Hydrogels are more than 70 percent water, making them very compatible (相容的) with human skin tissues. By prestretching the hydrogel in all directions, applying a layer of nano（纳米）wires, and then carefully contro

40、lling its release, we created conductive pathways to the sensor layer that remained complete even when the material was stretched to 28 times its original size. Meanwhile, skin electronics kept changing at a spectacular pace.This e-skin can sense temperature and touch from up to 8 inches away, react

41、 to things in under one tenth of a second and repair itself more than 5,000 times. The new invention could help monitor a range of biological information, including changes in blood pressure. While the first port of call is medical, the e-skin could benefit a wide range of products one day, such as

42、monitoring the structural condition of furniture and planes.12. Why is a cyborg in Judgement Day mentioned in Paragraph l?A. To introduce the topic.B. To inform the background.C. To advertise the hit film.D. To recommend Schwarzenegger.13. What made the previous attempts fall short?A. The delicate t

43、asks.B. The unsuitable sensor layer.C. The bumps and scrapes of everyday life.D. The compatibility with human skin tissues.14. What can we infer about the e-skin from the last paragraph?A. It can sense and react exactly like humans skin.B. It may be used to check the condition of bridges.C. It can m

44、ake human beings live as long as they want.D. It will turn human beings into cyborgs that never die.15. Which could be the best title for the passage?A. Electronic skin has a wide range of applications.B. Hydrogel contributes to developing electronic skin.C. Attempts to develop electronic skin have

45、fallen short.D. Smart electronic skin has been developed by scientists.【答案】12. A 13. B 14. B 15. D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了近来，科学家们经过多次尝试之后，终于研发出来和人类皮肤一样的智能电子皮肤了。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段的最后一句，“Recently, according to Mirror, a smart electronic skin like it has been developed, which is as strong, stretchy and s

46、ensitive as humans.”（最近，根据Mirror介绍，一种像它一样的智能电子皮肤已经研发出来了，它像人类皮肤一样结实，有弹性和敏感），可知，本句是文章主题，本句中代词it代指上文的电影中的人物 “一个生化人”，因此上文提到的热门电影，只是为了引出此话题。故选A。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段，“The previous sensor layer was too weak or too strong, reducing its durability, sensitivity or flexibility, which makes it more likely to br

47、eak.”（先前的感应层要不太脆要不太硬，这就降低了其持久度、敏感度和灵活性，这使它更容易断），可知，先前使其功亏一篑的是找不到合适的感应层。故选B。【14题详解】推理判断题。第四段最后一句“While the first port of call is medical, the e-skin could benefit a wide range of products one day, such as monitoring the structural condition of furniture and planes.”（尽管电子皮肤的首次目标是医疗方面，但是这种电子皮肤终有一天能给各种各

48、样的产品带来益处，比如监测家具和飞机的结构情况），可知，电子皮肤可能会被用去检测桥梁的情况。故选B。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Recently, according to Mirror, a smart electronic skin like it has been developed, which is as strong, stretchy and sensitive as humans.”（据Mirror介绍，最近研发出了一种类似的智能电子皮肤，它和人类的皮肤一样坚韧、有弹性和敏感）结合全文内容，可知本文主要讲了科学家们近期研发出智能电子皮肤，并介绍了其研发所遇到的困难、突破和使用前景，所以D项，“科学家们研发了智能电子皮肤”，符合题意，最适合作文章标题。故选D。点睛】第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Ways to Be More CuriousBuried in the same daily routines and familia