2021届北京市东城区高三第一学期期末统一检测英语试题(解析版).doc

1、东城区2020-2021学年度第一学期期末统一检测高三英语本试卷共11页，共100分考试时长90分钟考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节 完形填空（共 10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑A school bus driver returned to college to become a high school history teacher, thanks to some _1_ studentsClayt

2、on Ward is a history lover, and as such, _2_ the time hed spend chatting with students about their history classes as he _3_ them to and from schoolAfter several of these discussions, some of the students would tell me they wanted me to be their _4_, he saidThat small mention from those kidsit _5_ m

3、e and gave me the motivation to complete a goal I had started years ago_6_, Ward went to college after his high school graduation; but after a year, he had to leave and soon started driving busesBut he still valued _7_, and talking with the students on the bus route renewed his sense of passion for

4、expanding and teaching young mindsWard enrolled（注册）at a community college in May 2019, and _8_ to take his classes full time while also still driving his busIt wasnt always _9_I would drive my route in the morning and afternoon, take classes in between shifts and take night classes, he saidI would t

5、hink of those students and all the years I wanted to make this happen, and it helped me focus my energyYou wouldnt think that kids can do something like that, to give me the _10_ and ambition to go back to school, Ward saidIts kind of crazy that such a small thing can make such an impact on your lif

6、e1. A. energeticB. supportiveC. considerateD. generous2. A. enjoyedB. foundC. savedD. missed3. A. attendedB. watchedC. bussedD. trained4. A. driverB. adviserC. friendD. teacher5. A. aimed atB. stuck withC. occurred toD. called on6. A. InitiallyB. ConsequentlyC. ApparentlyD. Ultimately7. A. successB.

7、 communicationC. responsibilityD. education8. A. hesitatedB. offeredC. managedD. happened9. A. suitableB. hopefulC. luckyD. easy10. A. rightB. driveC. chanceD. freedom【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. B 6. A 7. D 8. C 9. D 10. B【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了学校公交车司机Clayton Ward在学生们的鼓励和支持下，完成大学学业，成为一名高中历史老师的故事。【1题详解】考查形容

8、词词义辨析。句意：在一些学生的支持下，一名校车司机回到大学成为了一名高中历史老师。Aenergetic精力充沛的； Bsupportive支持的；Cconsiderate体贴的；Dgenerous大方的。根据后文倒数第二段“I would think of those students and all the years I wanted to make this happen, and it helped me focus my energy.”可知，在学生们的支持下，作者重回大学，后来成为了一名高中老师。故选B。【2题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意： Clayton Ward是一位历史爱好者

9、，因此，他很享受开公交车接送学生上下学时与他们聊历史课的时光。Aenjoyed享受，喜欢；Bfound发现；Csaved挽救；Dmissed思念，错过。根据前文“Clayton Ward is a history lover”可知，因为Clayton Ward是一个历史学科的爱好者，所以他很享受和学生们聊历史的时光。故选A。【3题详解】考查词动词词义辨析。句意同上。Aattended参加，出席；Bwatched观看；Cbussed用公共汽车运送；Dtrained训练。根据文章第一句“A school bus driver”可知，Clayton Ward是一个学校公交车司机，所以此处表示他开公交

10、车送学生上学。故选C。【4题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在几次这样的讨论之后，一些学生会告诉我，他们想让我做他们的老师。Adriver司机；Badviser顾问；Cfriend朋友；Dteacher老师。根据后文“and talking with the students on the bus route renewed his sense of passion for expanding and teaching young minds”可知，孩子们想要Clayton Ward成为他们的老师。故选D。【5题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：那些孩子提到那一点，一直萦绕着我，给了我动力去完成

11、我多年前就开始的目标。Aaimed at皆在；Bstuck with坚持，固执（想法等）； Coccurred to突然想到；Dcalled on要求，呼吁。根据后文“gave me the motivation to complete a goal ”可知，孩子们的提议一直在作者的脑海中挥之不去。故选B。【6题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：起初，Ward在高中毕业后上了大学。AInitially最初，起初；BConsequently因此；CApparently明显地；DUltimately最终。根据后文“ but after a year, he had to leave and soon

12、started driving buses”可知，最初Clayton Ward是上了大学的，后来才去开公交车的。故选A。【7题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但他仍然重视教育，在巴士路上与学生们的交谈重新激发了他对拓展和教育年轻思想的热情。Asuccess成功； Bcommunication交流；Cresponsibility责任；Deducation教育。根据空后一句描述和转折连词but可知，此处表示Clayton Ward依然很重视教育的。故选D。【8题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Ward于2019年5月进入一所社区大学学习，他在设法全日制上课的同时还开公交车。Ahesitated犹豫；B

13、offered提供；Cmanaged设法；Dhappened发生。因为还在开公交车，所以此处需用动词managed，表示设法全日制上课。故选C。【9题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这并不总是容易的。Asuitable合适的；Bhopeful有希望的； Clucky幸运的；Deasy容易的。根据后文“I would drive my route in the morning and afternoon, take classes in between shifts and take night classes”可知，要想兼顾开车和上课并不是一件容易的事情。故选D。【10题详解】考查名词词义辨析

14、。句意：你不会想到孩子们能做这样的事，给我动力和雄心回到学校。Aright权力； Bdrive动力；Cchance机会；Dfreedom自由。根据空后“Its kind of crazy that such a small thing can make such an impact on your life”可知，孩子们的话给了Clayton Ward动力和雄心，让他重返大学校园，并成为一名老师。故选B。第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）A阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Adolph Kiefer, a famous swimmer, _1

15、1_(die）at the age of 98 in 2017. Kiefer was Americas _12_ (old) living Olympic champion. He was the first in the world to break the one-minute mark in the 100-meter backstroke (仰泳) when he was a 16-year-old student. One year later, Kiefer won the gold medal in the 100-meter backstroke competition at

16、 the Olympic Games, _13_(set) a record that would stand for 20 years.【答案】11. died 12. oldest 13. setting【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了奥运冠军Adolph Kiefer的生平事迹。【11题详解】考查动词时态。句意：著名游泳者阿道夫基弗于2017年去世，享年98岁。分析句子并结合全文时态可知，此处使用一般过去时，表示过去发生的动作。故填died。12题详解】考查形容词最高级。句意：基弗是美国历史年纪最大的奥运会冠军。分析句子可知，前文提及age of 98 in 2017可知，

17、此处所述为年纪最大的奥运会冠军。故填oldest。【13题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：一年后，基弗在奥运会的100米仰泳比赛中获得金牌，创下了20年的纪录。分析句子可知，句中存在谓语动词won，此处使用非谓语动词形式，且逻辑主语Kiefer与set之间为主动关系，因此使用现在分词作伴随状语。故填setting。【点睛】B阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。About 5 000 years ago, a strange circle of blue stones were set up in BritainThe structure has 80 stones in

18、 all and each stone _14_（weigh）about three tonsNo one is sure _15_ built the structureOne of the most popular beliefs is that the Celts built itSome even think creatures from another planet who visited Earth left it behind just _16_（let）us know they were here【答案】14. weighs 15. who 16. to let【解析】【分析】

19、这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了英国蓝色石头怪圈的由来。【14题详解】考查主谓一致和动词时态。句意：该结构共有80块石头，每块石头重约三吨。分析句子可知，and前句时态为一般现在时，且后句主语为each stone，根据主谓一致原则，此处使用一般现在时第三人称单数形式。故填weighs。【15题详解】考查宾语从句。句意：没有人确定是谁建造了这个结构。 分析句子可知，be sure（of）是固定句型，of后接宾语从句，且从句中缺少人作主语，因此使用联系词who引导宾语从句。故填who。【16题详解】考查动词不定式。句意：有些甚至认为来自另一个星球的生物访问过地球，只是为了让我们知道他们在这里而已。分析

20、句子可知，句中存在谓语动词left，此处使用不定式to let非谓语动词作left it behind的目的状语。故填to let。【点睛】C阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Have you ever attended a Cinco de Mayo festival? If you have not, you do not know what you are missing_17_ Spanish, the words cinco de mayo mean fifth of MayIt is a day for the _18_（celebrate）of th

21、e fighting spirit of Mexican peopleThe festival _19_（hold）both in Mexico and in parts of the United States, especially the Southwest, _20_ there is a larger Hispanic population【答案】17. In 18. celebration 19. is held 20. where【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了五月五日节的由来。【17题详解】考查介词。句意：在西班牙语中，cinco de mayo一词的意思是5月5日。

22、分析句子可知，此处表示在西班牙语中，因此使用介词in构成抽象地点状语，且位于句首首字母需大些。故填In。【18题详解】考查名词。句意：今天是庆祝墨西哥人民战斗精神的一天。分析句子可知，空前存在冠词，因此此处使用名词形式。故填celebration。【19题详解】考查被动语态与主谓一致。句意：这个节日在墨西哥和美国部分地区举行，特别是在西南部，那里的西班牙裔人口较多。分析句子可知，festival与hold之间为被动关系，因此使用被动语态，且主语为单数，根据主谓一致原则可知使用is held。故填is held。【20题详解】考查定语从句。句意：这个节日在墨西哥和美国部分地区举行，特别是在西南部

23、，那里的西班牙裔人口较多。分析句子可知，此处为定语从句，先行词为the Southwest,在从句中地点状语，因此使用关系副词where引导定语从句。故填where。【点睛】第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑ATo increase your chances of landing an assignment for a travel guidebook, you need to find out what the publishers are looking fo

24、rHere are links to their submission guidelines with a few special requirements and tipsFonorsFonors is a publishing company of both travel guidebooks and online content covering thousands of destinations worldwideVisit Fonorscom/about-us, and near the bottom of the page youll find Write for Us with

25、information for submitting articlesDo remember to attach a copy of one of your other works when contributingTIP: Fonors always hires writers who live in the destinations they coverSo, its good to remember: While you may want to write about a foreign destination, more than likely youre closer to bein

26、g an expert about the place where you liveWorkmanWorkman publishes unique and unexpected travel guides such as 1, 000 Places to See Before You Die, and The Food Lovers Guide to ParisConsider them if youre interested in writing a nontraditional travel guideYou can find their submission guidelines at

27、workmancom/work-with-usThey require a typical nonfiction book proposal with a suggested table of contents and author informationA chapter of your other books is also requiredSend your submissions to submissionsTIP: If they dont accept your article, you might be lucky enough to get feedback about why

28、Lonely PlanetWriters can get in touch with Lonely Planet by visiting their Become a Contributor page at LonelyP that page youll find a form asking for a resume（简历）and links to your other writing, but theres also space for more travel-related information such as geographical knowledge and level of fl

29、uency in relevant languagesTIP: Youll find they also accept articles for Travel NewsIf they say yes, you may get another chance for a bigger job such as a guidebookFor more information on publishers, please visit ContributorsD21. This passage is mainly for _A. guidesB. writersC. travelersD. publishe

30、rs22. Who may provide advice on how to improve articles?A. FonorsB. WorkmanC. Lonely PlanetD. Contributors Digest23. What is required by all the companies?A. Geographical knowledgeB. Nontraditional ideasC. Overseas experienceD. Previous writing【答案】21. B 22. B 23. D【解析】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了三个出版社接受文章的标准，出版社网

31、址以及一些特殊要求和提示。【21题详解】推理判断题。通过文章第一段“To increase your chances of landing an assignment for a travel guidebook, you need to find out what the publishers are looking forHere are links to their submission guidelines with a few special requirements and tips（为了增加你得到编写旅行指南工作的机会，你需要明白出版商想要的是什么。以下是他们网站的链接，其中有一

32、些特殊要求和提示。）”可以推知，本篇文章主要是通过介绍一些出版社，为作家提供机会。故选B项。【22题详解】推理判断题。根据文章“Workman”部分的小贴士“If they dont accept your article, you might be lucky enough to get feedback about why（如果他们不接受你的文章，你可能会很幸运地得到关于原因的反馈。）”可知 BWorkman可以就如何改进文章提供建议。故选B项。【23题详解】推理判断题。通过文章“Fonors”部分“Do remember to attach a copy of one of your o

33、ther works when contributing（请记住在投稿时附上您的其他作品的副本。）”和“Workman”部分“A chapter of your other books is also required（你的其他书籍的一章也是必需的。）”以及“Lonely Planet”部分“At that page youll find a form asking for a resume（简历）and links to your other writing.( 在那一页，你会看到一张要求提供简历和你其他作品的链接的表格。)”可以推知，所有公司都要求作者有作品，即有写作经验。故选D项。BCr

34、aig Foster, bare-chested, was diving in bitterly cold waters off the southern-most tip of Africa when he saw her-an octopus hiding under a coat of shells and stonesDeeply attracted, he began following this incredibly shy creatureHe kept coming back every day to the same place where he first met her,

35、 trying to stay very still in her presenceFor weeks she refused him: hiding in her home, or pushing her liquid body into the nearest crack to escapeAnd then, after Fosters dogged persistence for 26 days, she reached out and touched himIn the documentary My Octopus Teacher, this tender moment moves y

36、ou in a way you never thought an octopus tentacle（触手）wrapped around a human hand couldThe nature documentary won Best Feature at the EarthxFilm Festival 2020If you gain the trust of that animal over a period of months, it will actually ignore you to a certain degree and carry on with its normal life

37、, and allow you to step inside its secret world, Foster says in his documentaryWe see her outsmarting a shark by riding on its back growing a new tentacle after surviving a shark attack, and finally wasting away after laying her eggsThe octopus showed me many behaviors that were completely new to sc

38、ience, Foster saysAfter years of filming some of the planet s most dangerous animals, Foster was burnt out, depressed, and disconnectedI was strugglingMy only way to heal felt like I needed to be in the ocean, my go-to happy place as a child, he saysCompletely involving himself in the underwater wor

39、ld has calmed his mindOver the years other animals have reached out to make contact, including dolphins, whales and even sharksBut nothing has compared to this once-in-a-lifetime bond with the octopus, Foster saysThe octopus changed Fosters life foreverFoster says the octopus taught him that humans

40、are part of the natural world, and not simply visitorsYour own role and place in the natural world is the most precious gift we humans have received, he says24. Foster followed the octopus with _A. great patienceB. a professional goalC. scientific curiosityD. an adventurous spirit25. According to My

41、 Octopus Teacher, the octopus _A. enjoyed Fosters attentionB. taught Foster surviving skillsC. placed trust in Foster graduallyD. benefited from Fosters company26. What did Foster learn from the experience?A. The natural world offers many giftsB. Humans belong to the natural worldC. The natural worl

42、d never fails to impressD. Humans should protect the natural world【答案】24. A 25. C 26. B【解析】本文是记叙文。文章通过讲述克雷格福斯特与章鱼之间的暖心故事，向我们展示了人类是自然界的一部分。【24题详解】推理判断题。通过文章第二段“And then, after Fosters dogged persistence for 26 days, she reached out and touched him（然后，在福斯特顽强坚持了26天之后，她伸出触手摸了摸他。）”可知，福斯特通过26天获得了章鱼的信任，这需要

43、很大的耐心。故选A项。【25题详解】推理判断题。通过文章第三段“In the documentary My Octopus Teacher, this tender moment moves you in a way you never thought an octopus tentacle（触手）wrapped around a human hand couldThe nature documentary won Best Feature at the EarthxFilm Festival 2020（在纪录片我的章鱼老师中，这个温柔的时刻以一种你从未想到过的方式打动了你，一只章鱼的触须缠绕

44、在人的手上，这部自然纪录片赢得了2020年地球电影节的最佳影片奖。）”可以推知章鱼通过接触，逐渐开始信任福斯特了。故选C项。【26题详解】细节理解题。通过文章最后一段“The octopus changed Fosters life foreverFoster says the octopus taught him that humans are part of the natural world, and not simply visitors（章鱼永远改变了福斯特的生活。福斯特说章鱼教会他人类是自然世界的一部分，而不仅仅是游客。）”可知福斯特从这次经历中认识到了人类是属于自然界的。故选B项

45、。COnce small farmers in Masii, a remote village in Kenya, have picked their crops, all they can do is wait until a buyer trucks through. The system works fairly well for beans and corn, but mangoes-the areas other main crop-spoil (腐烂) more quickly. If the trader is late, they rot.Obadiah Kisaingu, a

46、 farmer in Masii, estimates 40% of the villages mango crop is lost to spoilage. But a simple coating could change that. A company, SmartTech, has created a product that doubles the shelf life of fresh produce, enabling farmers like Kisaingu to access far-off, larger markets. More time for fresh produce on grocers shelves also means less food waste-a $2.6 trillion problem, according to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).James Rogers, CEO of SmartTech, who has a Ph. D in materials science, wan