高一英语定语从句复习课件.ppt

1、优秀课件，精彩无限！1 The Attributive Clause定语从句定语从句优秀课件，精彩无限！2 定语定语可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、分词分词、不定式不定式、介词短语介词短语等来担任，修饰名词。(以分词、介词短语为例）例：The girl behind the tree is Kate.The man driving too fast was a drunk.定语从句定语从句 在英语中，修饰名词名词或代词代词的句子句子叫定语从句。例：The girl who is behind the tree is Kate.The man who was driving too fast w

2、as a drunk.优秀课件，精彩无限！3先行词和关系词先行词和关系词q先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。q关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。q先行词、关系词先行词、关系词/引导词引导词对等对等 代替代替 That is the bike which my father bought for me.先行词先行词关系词关系词 bikeq关系词的作用：既引导定语从句，又在定关系词的作用：既引导定语从句，又在定 语从句中充当某种成分。语从句中充当某种成分。优秀课件，精彩无限！4定语从句的特点定语从句的特点:用来修饰或限定一个名用来

3、修饰或限定一个名 词词,并放在名词之后并放在名词之后.引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词的作引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词的作用用:1 引导定语从句引导定语从句,起引导词作用起引导词作用.2 代替被修饰词代替被修饰词.3 在从句中充当句子成分在从句中充当句子成分:关系代词关系代词 that,which,who 在从在从句中作主语句中作主语宾语宾语;whom作宾语作宾语;whose作定语作定语.关系副词关系副词 where,when,why 在句在句中作地点状语，时间状语，原因状语中作地点状语，时间状语，原因状语.优秀课件，精彩无限！5定语从句的种类定语从句的种类:限定性定语从句和非限限定性定语

4、从句和非限制性定语从句。制性定语从句。限定性定语从句限定性定语从句:对先行词起修饰和限定对先行词起修饰和限定作用作用,是不可缺少的成分是不可缺少的成分,没有了附加信没有了附加信息息,我们就不知道谈论的是谁或是什么我们就不知道谈论的是谁或是什么事事,在这样的从句中在这样的从句中不使用逗号不使用逗号.非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句:非限制性定语从句中非限制性定语从句中的附加信息可以省去的附加信息可以省去,没有了附加信息没有了附加信息,我们仍能清楚谈论的是谁我们仍能清楚谈论的是谁,什么事什么事,这样这样的从句的从句使用逗号使用逗号.优秀课件，精彩无限！6先行词先行词关关 系系 词词 在在 从从 句

5、句 中中 充充 当当 成成 分分主主 语语宾宾 语语（可省）（可省）定定 语语状状 语语地地 点点时时 间间原原 因因方方 式式 指指 人人 指指 物物who,thatwhich,that,aswhom,that,whowhich,that,aswhose,of whomwhose,(prep.+)whichwhere/prep.+whichwhen/prep.+whichwhy/prep.+whichthat/prep.+which优秀课件，精彩无限！7the handsomethe tallthe strong the cleverthe naughtyboyThe boy is Tom.

6、The boy who is handsome is Tom.The boy who is tall is Tom.The boy who is strong is TomThe boy who is clever is TomThe boy who is naughty is Tom.优秀课件，精彩无限！8 The boy is Tom.The boy is smiling.The boy is Tom.The boy has a round face.The boy who is smiling is Tom.(主语主语)The boy who has a round face is To

7、m.The boy is Tom.He sits in front of me.The man who sits in front of me is Tom.优秀课件，精彩无限！9 The man is kind.Everyone likes him.The man(who)everyone likes is kind.(宾语宾语)The woman got the job.We saw her on the street.The woman(whom)we saw on the street got the job.The teacher will give us a talk.We met

8、 the teacher yesterday.The teacher(whom)we met yesterday will give us a talk.优秀课件，精彩无限！10关系代词关系代词:1.who指人指人,作主语或宾语作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）作宾语可省略）The man who I talked with is our teacher.A person who steals things is called a thief.2.whom指人指人,作宾语作宾语 (作宾语可省略作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省如介词提前则不能省)The man(whom/who)I nodded to

9、 is Mr.Li.The man to whom I nodded is Professor Li.优秀课件，精彩无限！113.作定语用作定语用whose 如：如：(a)He is the man whose car was stolen last week.(b)It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at that time.注：注：“whose+名词中心词名词中心词”这一结构在定这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语（如上语从句中既能作主语（如上a句），又能作句），又能作宾语（如上宾语（如上b句）。句）。whose 的先行词常用来

10、的先行词常用来指人，但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象指人，但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念概念,这时可以与这时可以与of which 结构互换。结构互换。优秀课件，精彩无限！12词序是：词序是：“the+名名词词+of which”，如：，如：They came to a house whose back wall had broken down.(=the back wall of which)Hes written a book the name of which Ive completely forgotten.(=whose name)4.4.作表语只用作表语只用that,它既可以

11、指人，也可它既可以指人，也可以指物以指物,但时常省略。例如：但时常省略。例如：He is no longer the man that he used to be.This is no longer the dirty place(that)it used to be.优秀课件，精彩无限！13难点：难点：whosewhoseThe teacher praised the student.His English is the best in our class.The teacher praised the student whose English is the best in our cla

12、ss.Join the following pair of sentences.whose=the students关系词关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格实际上是先行词的所有格优秀课件，精彩无限！14The house is mine.The window of the house is broken.The house whose window is broken is mine.whose=the houses windowThe house is mine.the window of which is brokenof which the window is broken优秀课件，

13、精彩无限！151)This is the hero(whom)we are proud of.This is the hero of whom we are proud.This is the hero(that)we are proud of.2)She is the girl whom I went with there.She is the girl with whom I went there.She is the girl that I went with there.She is the girl 省略 I went with there.注意:固定动介词组不可分割固定动介词组不可

14、分割,介词不能提前介词不能提前.例如例如:look after,look at v关系代词与介词关系代词与介词 介词放在关系代词的前面时介词放在关系代词的前面时,介词宾语只能用介词宾语只能用which代物代物,和和whom代人代人。(介词在末尾时介词在末尾时,关系词可以省略关系词可以省略)优秀课件，精彩无限！16applethe redthe greenthe smallthe bigThe apple which is red is mine.The apple which is green is yours.The apple which is red is smallThe apple

15、which is green is big.优秀课件，精彩无限！17 Mrs.Clark is angry with the goat.The goat is eating her flowers.Mrs.Clark is angry with the goat which is eating her flowers.Can you lend me the book?You talked about it last night.Can you lend me the book(which)you talked about last night.Can you lend me the book

16、about which you talked last night?优秀课件，精彩无限！18Do you find the pen?I wrote with it just now.Do you find the pen with which I wrote just now?Do you find the pen(which)I wrote with just now?优秀课件，精彩无限！193.which 指物，指物，作主语或宾语作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省如介词提前则不能省)These are the trees which were planted las

17、t year.This recorder（which）he is using ismade in Japan.Is this the library(which)you borrow books from?Is this the library from which you borrowbooks?优秀课件，精彩无限！20 that 指人指人/物，作主语或宾语物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）作宾语可省略）A plane is a machine.It can fly.A plane is a machine that can fly.He is the man.I told you about

18、 him.He is the man(that)I told you about.优秀课件，精彩无限！21He is the man(that)I told you about.注意：介词提前时只能用注意：介词提前时只能用which 而不能用而不能用that。4.that 指人指人/物，作主语或宾语物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）作宾语可省略）A plane is a machine that can fly.Is this the library from which you borrow books?from that优秀课件，精彩无限！22(1)The scientist is very

19、 famous in the world.We met her yesterday.The scientist we met yesterday is very famous who in the world.whom that(2)The dress is new.She is wearing it.The dress that she is wearing is new.which 优秀课件，精彩无限！23 that和和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换在指物的情况下一般都可以互换,但在下列情况下但在下列情况下,一般用一般用that而不用而不用which。I am sure she h

20、as something(that)you can borrow.Ive read all the books that are not mine.This is the first book(that)he has read.This is the very book that belongs to him.(1)先行词为先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much,none,the one等不定代词时。等不定代词时。(2)先行词被先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等等 修饰时。修饰

21、时。(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。(4)先行词被先行词被the only,few,just,right,the very,the same,the last修饰时。修饰时。优秀课件，精彩无限！24(5)当先行词为人和物的名词词组时。当先行词为人和物的名词词组时。They talked of persons and things(that)they remembered in the school.(6)当先行词指物当先行词指物,在句中作表语。在句中作表语。This is the book that you borrowed.(7)主语前有主语前有 who,w

22、hom时时(8)在在 there be或或 there live 结构中，先行词指结构中，先行词指物时物时 There is a book on the desk that I am interested in.(9)在在 way 方法后方法后,常用常用 that 代替代替 in which结构结构 That was the way(that)he did it.(10)time 表示次数，前有序数词修饰时。表示次数，前有序数词修饰时。优秀课件，精彩无限！25(11)先行词前有先行词前有 the same 修饰时或当先行词和关修饰时或当先行词和关系代词指同一个人或物时。系代词指同一个人或物时。

23、This is the same man that/who I told you.(12)当疑问词当疑问词 who,which,what 开头的疑问句为避开头的疑问句为避免重复用免重复用 that.只用只用which不用不用that的情况的情况(1)引导非限制性定语从句时。引导非限制性定语从句时。(2)当关系词前有介词时当关系词前有介词时 The room in which my family live.(3)当先行词本身为当先行词本身为 that 时时.That which you told him about is what we want to know.优秀课件，精彩无限！26表示人的

24、关系代词表示人的关系代词 who在口语中可代替在口语中可代替whom,但关系代词前有介词时但关系代词前有介词时,只能用只能用whom，但如果把介词放在句尾，两者都可以，但如果把介词放在句尾，两者都可以用。用。Eg:Here is the girl who/whom we have been looking for.Here is the girl for whom we have been looking.关系代词关系代词 as引导的定语从句引导的定语从句A,as引导的定语从句可指人也可指物，常与引导的定语从句可指人也可指物，常与 the same，such，so等连用，在句中作等连用，在句中

25、作主语，宾语，表语等。主语，宾语，表语等。Eg:Such peole as you described just now are rare today.(as代替人，作宾语）代替人，作宾语）优秀课件，精彩无限！27He is not the same man as he was.（as代替人，作表语）代替人，作表语）Lets discuss such problems as concern everyone of us.（as代替事物，做主语）代替事物，做主语）B.关系代词关系代词 as可引导非限制性定语从句可引导非限制性定语从句,代替代替整个主句的意思整个主句的意思,其位置比较灵活其位置比较

26、灵活,可位于句首可位于句首,句中句中,句末句末.而而 which引导的非限制性定语从引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句之后。句只能置于主句之后。As we all know,English is easy to learn.English,as we all know,is easy to learn.as有时也可作关系副词有时也可作关系副词 引导定语从句，与关引导定语从句，与关系代词一样系代词一样,主句中也应该有主句中也应该有the same,such,so等与之相呼应，等与之相呼应，as在从句中作状语。在从句中作状语。优秀课件，精彩无限！28Eg:I shall use the instr

27、ument in such a way as he used it yesterday.(as指代指代 in such a way)the very place 后用后用 where引导定语从句引导定语从句 关系代词和关系副词的选择关系代词和关系副词的选择 1.代替先行词的关系词在从句中担任什么成分。代替先行词的关系词在从句中担任什么成分。2.先行词表示的是人，物，时间，地点还是原先行词表示的是人，物，时间，地点还是原因。因。3.引导的是限制性还是非限制性定语从句。引导的是限制性还是非限制性定语从句。优秀课件，精彩无限！29as 和和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系在引导非限制性

28、定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：(1)as 引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有有“正正如如，正像，正像”的意思的意思(2）as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语

29、必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用的关系代词只能用which。优秀课件，精彩无限！301.The sun heats the earth,_ is very important to us.2.He failed in the exam,_ was expected.A.that B.as C.which D.it E.B&C 当先行词为主句时，关系词用当先行词为主句时，关系词用which或或as，它们的区，它们的区别在于，别在于，as含有含有“正如正如”的意思。的意思。The Attributive clauses cause

30、d by“as优秀课件，精彩无限！31 注意注意 3.I want to buy the same pen _ you are using.4.This is the same bicycle _ I have lost.A.that B.as C.which D.it E.A&B“the sameas”引导的定语从句表示从句所引导的定语从句表示从句所指的物品与先行词所指的物品为同一类事物，即指的物品与先行词所指的物品为同一类事物，即同一个款式的，或同一个牌子等。同一个款式的，或同一个牌子等。“the samethat”引导的定语从句表示从句引导的定语从句表示从句所指的物品与先行词所指的物品为

31、同一事物。所指的物品与先行词所指的物品为同一事物。优秀课件，精彩无限！32 5.This is _ stone _ no one can lift it.6.This is _ stone _ no one can lift.A.so heavy a,that B.so a heavy,as C.such a heavy,as D.such heavy a,that “sosuchthat.”引导的是结果状语从引导的是结果状语从句，从句的成分是完整的，也就是说句，从句的成分是完整的，也就是说that只起连只起连接作用。接作用。“sosuch as”引导的是定语从句，从引导的是定语从句，从句的成

32、分是不完整的，也就是说句的成分是不完整的，也就是说as代替先行词在代替先行词在从句中充当成分。从句中充当成分。优秀课件，精彩无限！33附加部分附加部分 关系副词关系副词 关系副词关系副词是用来引导定语从句的，它和关系代词一样，具有是用来引导定语从句的，它和关系代词一样，具有 数种作用。数种作用。o 在从句中代替先行词。在从句中代替先行词。o在句中在句中作状语作状语。o连接作用，把两个句子连接成为一个带有定语从句的复合句。连接作用，把两个句子连接成为一个带有定语从句的复合句。关系副词关系副词有有三种三种：where:在从句中作在从句中作地点状语地点状语,指代地点指代地点.(on/in/atwhi

33、ch)=that when:在从句中作在从句中作时间状语时间状语,指代时间。指代时间。(on/inwhich)=that why:在从句中作在从句中作原因状语原因状语,指代原因。指代原因。=that 优秀课件，精彩无限！34关系副词的用法：关系副词的用法：1.where 的用法：的用法：(先行词应是地点名词）先行词应是地点名词）The hotel wasnt clean.+We stayed =The hotel where we stayed wasnt clean.The hotel at which we stayed wasnt clean.The hotel which we sta

34、yed at wasnt clean The hotel 关系词略关系词略we stayed at wasnt clean.at the hotel.We stayedthere.先行词先行词关系词关系词从句从句从句从句共有五个共有五个不同的句不同的句子来表达。子来表达。优秀课件，精彩无限！352.when的用法：的用法：（先行词应是表示时间的名词）先行词应是表示时间的名词）Ill never forget the day.+I joined the League on that day.Ill never forget the day that I joined the League.(口语

35、口语)Ill never forget the day on which I joined the League.Ill never forget the day when I joined the League.从从句句3.why的用法：的用法：(表示原因的名词表示原因的名词)The reason why Im calling you is to invite you to a party.The reason that Im calling you is to invite you to a party The reason Im calling you is to invite you

36、to a party 略 在口语中,关系副词where、when、why 常被that 代替,也可省略。优秀课件，精彩无限！36关系副词的用法关系副词的用法指代指代所做成分所做成分是否可是否可省略省略when时间时间状语状语否否where地点地点状语状语否否why原因原因状语状语否否关系副词关系副词优秀课件，精彩无限！37介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 1The man whom you spoke was a scientist.The city which she lives is far away.toin介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 2The man who/whom

37、 you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.Are these two sentences right?toin优秀课件，精彩无限！38介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 3The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.toin Are these two sentences right?可见可见,who,that 不能用于介词之后。不能用于介词之后。优秀课件，精彩无限！39

38、介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 4Is this the watch that you are looking for?The old man whom I am looking after is better.在固定短语中介词不能提前。在固定短语中介词不能提前。下面两句中的介词能提前吗下面两句中的介词能提前吗?优秀课件，精彩无限！40 1.根据先行词来确定根据先行词来确定 This is the pot in which I boiled the milk.This is the pot(which/that)I boiled the milk in.介词的确定方法：介词的确定方法：

39、介词介词 +which/whom+which/whom1979 was the year in which my son was born.(=when)This is the place in which I grew up.(=where)优秀课件，精彩无限！41The person to whom I complained is the manager.The person(who/whom/that)I complained to is the manager.2.根据从句中的谓语动词或形容词来确定根据从句中的谓语动词或形容词来确定3.当介词和从句中的动词构成固定词组当介词和从句中的动

40、词构成固定词组 时时,介词不能前置介词不能前置The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy.优秀课件，精彩无限！42判断关系代词与关系副词判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一：方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：动词则要求用关系副词。例如：This is the mountain village where I staye

41、d last year.Ill never forget the days when I worked together with you.优秀课件，精彩无限！43方法二：方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、主、谓、宾、定、状定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。关系副词。1.Is this museum _ you visited a few days age?A.where B.that C.on which D.the one2.Is this the museum _ the exhibition was

42、held.A.where B.that C.on whichD.the one优秀课件，精彩无限！44例例1变为肯定句：变为肯定句：This museum is _ you visited a few days ago.例例2变为肯定句：变为肯定句：This is the museum _ the exhibition was held.在句在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而中，所缺部分为宾语，而where,that,on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选又可做从句的宾语，可以

43、省略关系代词，所以应选D。而句而句2中中,主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词点，既可用副词where，又因，又因 in the museum词组，可词组，可用介词用介词in+which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选用的不对，所以选A。优秀课件，精彩无限！45关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词(who,whom,that,which,whose)；先行词在从句中做

44、状语时，应选择关系副词先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词(where 地点状语，地点状语，when 时间状语，时间状语，why 原因状语原因状语)。优秀课件，精彩无限！461.We visited a factory _ makes toys for children.2.We visited a factory _ toys are made for children.3.You can go _ you want.A.where B.to which C.D.thatADII.关系副词（关系副词（when,where,why）A地点状语从句地点状语从句定从，关系词做主语定从，关系词做主

45、语定从，关系词做地点状语定从，关系词做地点状语=in which 优秀课件，精彩无限！474.Summer is the season _ my favorite season is.5.Summer is the season _ I like to travel.6.I will visit you _ its convenient for you.A.which B.when C.on which D.thatDB定从，关系词做时间状语定从，关系词做时间状语定从，关系词做表语，一般用定从，关系词做表语，一般用“that”B时间状语从句时间状语从句优秀课件，精彩无限！48定语从句的辨认与使

46、用定语从句的辨认与使用 思考步骤：思考步骤：（1）找出先行词）找出先行词 a.确定关系代词的人称、数和性确定关系代词的人称、数和性 b.确定从句位置（一般在先行词之后）确定从句位置（一般在先行词之后）（2）确定关系代词在从句中所担任的成）确定关系代词在从句中所担任的成 （3）确定从句时态）确定从句时态优秀课件，精彩无限！491.If a shop has chairs _ women can park their men,women will spend more time in the shop.A.that B.which C.when D.where解析：答案解析：答案D D 先行词先行

47、词chairschairs在定语从在定语从句中作状语，用句中作状语，用wherewhere。典型题例解析典型题例解析优秀课件，精彩无限！502.Why does she always ask you for help?There is no one else _,is there?A.who to turn to B.she can turn to C.for whom to turn D.for her to turn 解析：答案解析：答案B oneB one是先行词，省略了是先行词，省略了关系代词关系代词thatthat。优秀课件，精彩无限！513.Many people who had

48、seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes _ people were eaten by the tiger.A.in which B.by which C.which D.that解析：答案解析：答案A A 该题考查定语从句介词该题考查定语从句介词+关系代词。关系代词。优秀课件，精彩无限！524.Do you still remember the chicken farm _ we visited three months ago?A.in which B.by which C.w

49、hich D.that解析：答案解析：答案C C 先行词先行词farmfarm在从句中作在从句中作visitvisit的宾语。的宾语。优秀课件，精彩无限！535.Is this the only reason _ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?A.that he explained B.what he explained C.why he explained D.which he explained解析：答案解析：答案A A 先行词前有先行词前有the only,the the only,the very,the rightve

50、ry,the right等修饰时，要用等修饰时，要用 thatthat。优秀课件，精彩无限！54基础练习基础练习1.Is that the house _ you bought last year?A.where B.which2.Is that the picture _ you are laughing at?A.which B.where3.It is the most interesting book _Ill ever read.A.which B.that优秀课件，精彩无限！554.The street _is to the park is very narrow.A.where