非谓语动词用法之不定式课件.ppt

1、非谓语动词用法非谓语动词定义 非谓语动词，就是“不充当句子谓语的动词”，实际上就是动词的几种变换形式（to do,doing,done）。英语三级考试中，非谓语动词主要出现在单句选择单句选择、改错改错或完形填空完形填空中。不定式的用法 不定式的基本形式为to do，在句子中除了不能作谓语，可以担当其他任何成分。在句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补足语（多为宾语补足语）状语和补足语（多为宾语补足语）。作主语 例如：To see is to believe.To finish so much homework in a day is impossible.作主语 注意

2、：为了保持句子平衡，可以用it 作为形式主语形式主语，而把真正的主语动词不定式放在后面，句型为：It iswas-to do sth.例如：It was important for him to study French then.作宾语（）有些不及物动词必须用不定式作宾语，结构为“动词不定式”。常用动词有：affordaimagreearrangeaskdecidebothercarechoosedemanddesiredetermineelectendeavorhopefailhelplearnlongmeanmanageofferplanpretendrefusetendundertak

3、eexpecthateintend作宾语 例如：The driver failed to see the other car in time.He offered to help me.The young couple couldnt afford to buy the downtown apartment.Many foreigners have longed to visit Beijing for the Olympic Games.作宾语）有些动词或动词词组可以用“动词疑问词不定式”的结构作宾语。常用动词有：decideknowconsiderforgetlearn remembers

4、howwonderfind out tell inquireexplain作宾语。例如：Please show us how to do that.There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I cant make up my mind which to buy.作表语 不定式放在be 动词后面，作表语。例如：My work is to clean the room every day.His dream is to be a doctor.作定语 不定式作定语可以分为以下三种情况：(1)不定式与被修饰词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系，

5、即被修饰词是不定式动作的发出者。例如：She is always the first student to hand in the paper in the final exam.We need someone to look after the kid.作定语(2)不定式与被修饰词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系，即被修饰词是不定式动作的接受者。例如：I have no money to spend.我没钱花了。Id like to find someone to play chess with.Mr.Brown has a large family to support.作定语 注意：如果不定式是不

6、及物动词，后面必须跟一介词。例如：He is looking for a room to live in.Please pass me some paper to write on.作定语(3)某些特定的名词后面常用不定式作定语。常见的此类名词有：ability,promise,desire,demand,effort,request,refusal,attempt,chance,way,need,opportunity等。例如：We are longing for an opportunity chance to visit your campus.He set off again in s

7、pite of his friends efforts to dissuade him.The general gave orders to abandon the ship.作状语（）表目的。常用结构为：to do,only to do(仅仅为了),in order to do,so-as to do,so(such)-as to-例如：He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.I come here only to say good-bye to you.作状语（）表结果，可以表示没有预料到的或事与愿违的结果，不定式要放在句子后面。例如：I awok

8、e to find my box gone.He searched the room only to find nothing.作状语（）表原因，可以表示没有预料到的或事与愿违的结果，不定式要放在句子后面。Im glad to see you.She wept to see the sight.作状语（）表示理由和条件（）表示理由和条件 例如：He must be a fool to say so.（）修饰全句（）修饰全句 例如：To tell you the truth,I dont like him.作补语（）“及物动词宾语不定式”的结构。及物动词sb.sth.to do-常用动词有：ad

9、viseallowcausechallengecommandcompeldriveenableencourageforbidforceimpelinduceinstructinvitelikeloveorderpermitmakelethavewantgetwarnpersuaderequestsendtelltrainurge作补语 例如：Father will not allow us to play on the street.The officer ordered his men to fire.作补语（）有些有“动词（宾语）不定式”的结构，不定式的动词往往是be,不定式一般可以省去。

10、常见动词有：considerfindbelievethinkdeclareappointguessfancyjudgeimagineknowproveturn out作补语 例如：We believe him(to be)guilty.The experiment proved(to be)a great success.作补语 注意注意：(1).(1).如果及物动词为使役动词（如果及物动词为使役动词（let,make,havelet,make,have）或感官动词（或感官动词（see,hear,watch,notice,feel,see,hear,watch,notice,feel,soun

11、dsound等）后面的动词不定式不带等）后面的动词不定式不带to;to;表示动作正在表示动作正在进行时，可用进行时，可用doingdoing形式。形式。He made us sweep the floor three times a He made us sweep the floor three times a day.day.I heard him playing the piano the other I heard him playing the piano the other day.day.He noticed an old man enter the store.He notic

12、ed an old man enter the store.作补语 但是，这类句子变为被动形式时，一定要加to.例如：We were made to sweep the floor three times a day.He was heard to play the piano the other day.An old man was noticed to enter the store.作补语(2).help 后的不定式to 可有可无。例如：He helped me(to)learn English.不定式的时态和语态 不定式的时态和语态是英语三级考试重点。不定式时态和语态的变化，见下表，以

13、动词do为例：不定式的时态和语态主动形式被动形式一般式(not)to do(not)to be done完成式(not)to have done(not)to have been done进行式(not)to be doing -完成进行式(not)to have been doing -不定式的时态和语态（）一般式表示的动作，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。例如：He seems to know this.I hope to see you again.=I hope that Ill see you again.不定式的时态和语态（）完成式表示的动作发生在谓

14、语动词表示的动作之前。例如：Im sorry to have given you so much trouble.He seems to have caught a cold.不定式的时态和语态（）进行式表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动词同时发生。例如：He seems to be eating something.不定式的时态和语态（）完成进行式表示动作从过去开始并延续至说话的时候。例如：She is known to have been working on the problem for many years.不定式的时态和语态 注意注意：(1).(1).不定式的逻辑主语（一般是句子

15、的主语）是不定式动作不定式的逻辑主语（一般是句子的主语）是不定式动作的承受者时，需要用不定式的被动式。的承受者时，需要用不定式的被动式。例如：Tom doesnt like to be praised in public.He asked to be sent to work there.Its an honor for him to have been invited to the party.不定式的时态和语态(2).不定式在easy,difficult,hard,pleasant,heavy,expensive 等形容词后作状语，用主动形式表示被动含义。It is difficult t

16、o understand.The work is hard to do.The box is heavy to carry.不定式的时态和语态(3).若不定式与所修饰的词有动宾关系（被动关系），但与另一词有主谓关系（主动关系），往往用主动式表达被动含义。例如：He has a meeting to attend.I have many things to do.注意事项 不定式符号“to”的有无 A.掌握句型:had better do sth.“最好做”would rather do sth.“宁愿做”would like to do“想做”注意事项A 例如：Youd better stay

17、 here for another week.Iwould rather die than give in.Id like to have a cup of coffee.注意事项B B.Why,Why not 引导问句不带to.例如：Why spend so much money on such a coat?Why not go to the cinema?注意事项C C.连接词引导省略主语的陈述句时要加to.例如：I really dont know what to do now.He has no idea where to go.注意事项D D.情景对话中，省略不定式时，to 常要留

18、下 例如：Do you want to watch the match?Id like to,but Im not free now.注意事项E E.but 或 except 前有实义动词do 或do 的某种形式（过去时，完成时，分词等）时，but和except 后面出现的不定式不带to.例如：He seldom goes back home except to ask for money from his parents.注意事项E He did nothing there except watch TV for the whole night.I had no choice but to

19、stay in bed.Last night I did nothing but prepare my lessons.优秀课件，精彩无限！42非谓语动词用法非谓语动词用法之动名词之动名词优秀课件，精彩无限！43动名词 动名词由动词ing形式构成，它具有动词和名词的性质，在句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语。优秀课件，精彩无限！44动名词的用法 我们先来看下面的两个句子 Seeing is believing.Doing exercises is good for your health.优秀课件，精彩无限！45作主语。注意：在某些句型结构中也用it作形式主语。如：It is no use use

20、less no good doing something.优秀课件，精彩无限！46作主语。例如：Its no use talking too much.It is no good crying.优秀课件，精彩无限！47作宾语。下列动词必须用动名词作宾语。（英语三级考试重点，要记住）admit appreciate avoid complete consider delay deny detest endure enjoy escape fancy优秀课件，精彩无限！48作宾语。finishimaginemindmiss postpone practice recall resent resum

21、e resist risk suggest face include stand understand forgive keep优秀课件，精彩无限！49作宾语。例如：Would you mind turning down your radio a little,please?The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught.优秀课件，精彩无限！50作宾语。注意：跟在介词后的动词必须用动名词形式，充当介词的宾语。例如：Im thinking of going abroad.Thank you for helping me.优秀课件，精

22、彩无限！51作表语。例如：My job is teaching English.Her greatest pleasure is watching TV at home.。注意：动名词作表语往往表示抽象意义动作（动作性不强），而不表示具体某次动作。优秀课件，精彩无限！52作定语。例如：A swimming pool is being built in the park.Your teaching method is a little out of date.注意：动名词作定语说明所修饰名词的用途，而不表示进行的动作。优秀课件，精彩无限！53使用动名词的注意事项（重点）下列动词后只能用动名词，不

23、能用不定式：avoid admitconsider delay enjoy escape finish imagine keep mind miss practice risk suggest。优秀课件，精彩无限！54使用动名词的注意事项（重点）例如：He finished reading the novel in two days.Im considering going there by bicycle.优秀课件，精彩无限！55使用动名词的注意事项（重点）下列词组后只能用动名词：be afraid of,beget used to，think of,be fond of,cant help

24、，feel like,give up,look forward to，pay attention to,have trouble in,insist on,put off，succeed in。优秀课件，精彩无限！56使用动名词的注意事项（重点）例如：He has been used to living in the city.Idont feel like going to see the film now.优秀课件，精彩无限！57使用动名词的注意事项（重点）下列动词后接不定式与动名词意义不同Forget to do 忘记要去做一件事（未做）Forget doing 忘记了过去做的一件事（已

25、做过）优秀课件，精彩无限！58使用动名词的注意事项（重点）例如：Dont forget to lock the door before you leave.Ill never forget seeing him for the first time.优秀课件，精彩无限！59使用动名词的注意事项（重点）Remember to do 记住要去做的某事（待做）Remember doing 记得过去曾经做过的某件事（已做）优秀课件，精彩无限！60使用动名词的注意事项（重点）例如：Remember to lock the door before you leave.Istill remember mee

26、ting you for the first time.优秀课件，精彩无限！61使用动名词的注意事项（重点）Regret to do 对现在要发生的事表示抱歉Regret doing 对已经发生的事表示后悔优秀课件，精彩无限！62使用动名词的注意事项（重点）例如：I regret to say that you didnt pass the exam.We regret telling them the truth.优秀课件，精彩无限！63使用动名词的注意事项（重点）Stop to do 停下某事去做另一件事Stop doing 停下正在做的事优秀课件，精彩无限！64使用动名词的注意事项（重点

27、）例如：They stopped to look at me.They stopped working when I came in.优秀课件，精彩无限！65使用动名词的注意事项（重点）Mean to do 打算做某事 Mean doing 意味着优秀课件，精彩无限！66使用动名词的注意事项（重点）例如：I mean to visit you but Im too busy.Catching the first bus means getting up early.优秀课件，精彩无限！67使用动名词的注意事项（重点）Go on to do 继续做另一件事 Go on doing 继续做同一件事

28、优秀课件，精彩无限！68使用动名词的注意事项（重点）例如：Lets go on learning Lesson 4.Now we have finished Lesson 4,lets go on to study Lesson 5.优秀课件，精彩无限！69使用动名词的注意事项（重点）下列动词后接不定式与动名词意义基本相同：like,love,dislike,hate,begin,start,continue。优秀课件，精彩无限！70使用动名词的注意事项（重点）但是，在表示动作倾向时一般用不定式，表示习惯时，常用动名词。例如：I like singing,but I dont like to

29、sing now.优秀课件，精彩无限！71使用动名词的注意事项（重点）下列句型用主动形式表示被动意义。主语be+worth doing“某事值得（被）做”主语need want require+doing“某事值得（被）做”优秀课件，精彩无限！72使用动名词的注意事项（重点）例如：The book written by Mark Twain is worth reading.优秀课件，精彩无限！73使用动名词的注意事项（重点）例如：The bike needs wants requires repairing.The bike needs wants requires to be repaired.优秀课件，精彩无限！74