高考阅读理解(main-idea)(课堂)课件.ppt

1、How To Get The Main Idea?How To Get The Main Idea?如何做主旨大意题如何做主旨大意题?12技巧技巧3 1.What is the main/general idea of this text/passage?2.What is mainly discussed in this passage?3.What is the text mainly about?4.Which of the following statements can best summarize/sum up the main idea of the passage?.5.The

2、 main idea of this passage may be best expressed as _.6.What would be the best title for the text?7.Which of the following is the best/most suitable title for this text?4 8.Which of the following titles best summarize the main idea of the passage?9.The topic of this passage is _.10.The authors main

3、purpose in writing the passage is to _.11.The passage is meant to _.12.The authors purpose is to show _.13.The purpose of the article is to _.5The position of the topic sentenceAt the beginningAt the endIn the middleNo clear topic sentence6 Rats are still almost as big a danger to people as they wer

4、e long ago.They still spread disease and eat crops.Much of the hunger we have today is caused by rats.They eat half of the grain harvested in the world.？_78 Some supermarkets have a special way of getting people to come to the bakery counters.Sometimes they spray a“cake smell”into the air.At other t

5、imes they spray the fresh smell of baking bread.These smells are enough to make peoples mouths water.The customers then race madly to the counter to buy cakes,bread,rolls,and other baked goods.Q:The main idea of the paragraph is _.A.what cakes smell likeB.why bakeries make moneyC.how people are attr

6、acted to bakery countersD.what bakery counters in supermarkets sell(A)9 Often no one looks more guilty than the innocent.On the other hand,nobody may look more innocent than a professional criminal.And the man who knows“everything”may really only be trying to hide his own weakness.So,it is foolish t

7、o try to judge a person only by his appearance.？1011 At this time the state of South Carolina was having hard times.Year after year the soil had been planted with the same crop.It was farmed by uneducated and careless slaves,and the planters knew little about soil conservation.Because the soil was b

8、eginning to wear out,crops were smaller.The younger people were not satisfied to raise cotton on the poor soil of the old South.Many of them moved westwards and started cotton plantations(种植园种植园)in Alabama and Mississippi.What was more,so much cotton had been shipped to the factories in England and

9、New England that they had as much cotton as they could use.This brought the price of cotton down.More and more slaves were needed to work on the new and large plantations,and higher and higher prices were demanded for them.Planters found their expenses rising and their incomes from the sale of cotto

10、n reduced.Hard times had come to South Carolina.(B)121.The subject of this passage is _.A.economic difficulties of South CarolinaB.that the planters knew nothing about farmingC.that the soil in South Carolina was not greatD.the causes of hard times in South Carolina2.Which of the following sentences

11、 can summarize the main idea of the passage?A.Hard times had come to South Carolina.B.Planters found their expenses rising and their incomes from the sale of cotton reduced.C.The soil was farmed by uneducated and careless slaves.D.More and more slaves were needed to work on the new and large plantat

12、ions.13 If you hadnt known them,you would have thought Joe and Jim were quite alike.They were both tall and wore long and fair hair.They both walked with a steady stride(坚定的坚定的步伐步伐).They both spoke in a deep voice that made themselves seem much older than they really were.Both of them wore dark clot

13、hes as a rule,and they liked light colour ties.But that was all the likeness they had.In other things they were sharply different.Joe was considerate and helpful,and everyone liked him.Jim,however,was very selfish and often flared into terrible anger(勃然大怒勃然大怒)at little things that displeased him.Ali

14、ke as Joe and Jim were on the surface,they were really very different in nature.(C)14Q:What is the main idea of the passage?A.Joe and Jim are alike in everything.B.Joe and Jim are twins.C.Joe and Jim are different in nature.D.Joe and Jim are alike in dressing but different in nature.15 We think of a

15、 flood or an earthquake as a natural disaster.To many of natures animals,however,the greatest disaster is the coming of large numbers of humans.When settlers came from the East to Americas great western plains,they killed millions of bison（北美野牛北美野牛）,poisoned the prairie dogs（草原犬鼠）草原犬鼠）,and shot the

16、coyotes（郊狼郊狼）.All this upset the areas balance of nature.For the animals,it was worse than a flood or earthquake.1617 When you throw a ball up into the air as fast as you can,the ball reaches a point where it seems to pause for a moment,and then it comes down.When a bullet is shot straight up,it wil

17、l travel much faster and higher than a ball,but it,too,will come down.Whatever goes up must come down.We have always thought this to be true.An airplane may clime to a height of seventeen miles and then travel far and long.Yet it does not stay up forever.Finally,like everyone else,the plane must com

18、e down.Q:Which of the following statements can best summarize the main idea of the passage?A.A ball falls down like a bullet.B.Anything that goes up must fall down.C.A plane travels in the same way as a bullet.D.Everything has weight.(D)18 Q:Which of the following statements best summarizes this pas

19、sage?A.When language is a barrier,people will find other forms of communication.B.Everybody uses only one form of communication.C.Nonlinguistic language is invaluable to foreigners.D.Although other forms of communication exist,verbalization is the fastest.(E)19 Tom studied four years at the Universi

20、ty of Paris and decided to leave before his graduation.He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors.Harvard Law School and,later,Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background.He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami,Florida.The main idea of this paragrap

21、h is that _.A.Tom,who had studied at Paris Universities for four years,moved to another university.B.Tom became a lawyer since his graduation from Harvard Law School and later from Boston College.C.Tom was an excellent student when he studied at Berlin university.D.Tom received an excellent educatio

22、n.detaildetaildetail2021 Wouldnt it be terrible,if we didnt have grass?We would have to walk on bare soil.Can you guess what our playgrounds would look like?On a rainy day we would get all muddy.On a dry day we would breaths clouds of dust.Q:The story mainly tells _.A.why we need rainB.how grass is

23、kept greenC.how grass helps usD.without grass we would have to walk on bare soil(F)22 Q:The main idea of this passage is _.A.a robber robbed a shopB.Mr.Brown and Mr.Taylor fought against a robberC.none but the brave can win victoryD.John Taylor was a brave man(G)23Q.Which of the following would be t

24、he best title for the text?A.A childhood Dream.B.A Mothers Love.C.A Graduation Party.D.A Special Birthday.(H)Q:The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to_.A.show the importance of wavesB.draw the readers attention to the topicC.show Jamie Taylors importanceD.invite the read

25、ers to answer them(I)24Q:The author wrote this article in order to _.A.tell us that it isnt good to keep feeling inside B.give us some advice on how to express our feelingsC.make us face the problem that we have to deal with feelingsD.make us know that it isnt always wise to express our feelings fre

26、ely(J)25如何做主旨大意题如何做主旨大意题 做此类题目时，做此类题目时，第一第一：要搞清是问某一段要搞清是问某一段还是全文的大意，可利用文中主要信息来把握文还是全文的大意，可利用文中主要信息来把握文脉，进行综合归纳，概括文章的主题。如有标题，脉，进行综合归纳，概括文章的主题。如有标题，标题中的蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。标题中的蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。第二：第二：任任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，中心词，即高频

27、词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。便容易抓住文章的中心。Summary26 第三第三:要学会借助文章的结构来把握中要学会借助文章的结构来把握中心思想。心思想。段落中心思想段落中心思想常常由主题句常常由主题句(Topic sentence)来表达。主题句常常来表达。主题句常常出现在段首出现在段首(60%-90%)或段尾处或段尾处,有时有时也在段落中间。同样也在段落中间。同样,一篇文章的中心一篇文章的中心思想思想也常常在开始段或结尾段点出。因也常常在开始段或结尾段点出。因此此,在阅读中在阅读中,我们要对文章的开始段和我们要对文章的开始段和结尾段及段落的主题句给予特别的注意。结尾段及

28、段落的主题句给予特别的注意。27干扰项的陷阱 1.以偏概全，干扰项故意片面地理解文以偏概全，干扰项故意片面地理解文章，把文章中出现过的某一个观点当章，把文章中出现过的某一个观点当成整篇文章的主题。成整篇文章的主题。2.放大或缩小文章的主题，把文章的放大或缩小文章的主题，把文章的主题进行放大或者缩小。主题进行放大或者缩小。3.偷换概念，文章讲的主题被换成相偷换概念，文章讲的主题被换成相关但不同的主题。关但不同的主题。28解题方法解题方法Techniques 1.正向法：速读文章，找主题句或自己正向法：速读文章，找主题句或自己概括主题，从选项中找出最符合的。概括主题，从选项中找出最符合的。2.逆向法：假设题目中的选项为标题，逆向法：假设题目中的选项为标题，其写法是否与所给文章一致。其写法是否与所给文章一致。3.统计法：有些段落文章有多个句子段统计法：有些段落文章有多个句子段落，各句段主题可能完全不同，此时应落，各句段主题可能完全不同，此时应选择涉及最多的选项。选择涉及最多的选项。29