高三英语一轮复习语法专题：名词)课件.pptx

1、名词重温高考内容索引专题精析考点集训重温高考.单句语法填空单句语法填空1.This trend，which was started by the medical community(医学界医学界)as a method of fighting heart disease，has had some unintended side (effect)such as overweight and heart diseasethe very thing the medical community was trying to fight.(2017全国全国)解析解析side effect副作用，由前面的副

2、作用，由前面的some和下文中的两个例子和下文中的两个例子overweight and heart disease可知名词可知名词effect用复数形式用复数形式effects。考向1名词的数与格答案解析effects123456782.In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London.It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible (crowd)on the roads above a

3、s they travelled to and from work.(2017全国全国)解析解析crowd是可数名词，且前面没有限定词，故应用复数形式。是可数名词，且前面没有限定词，故应用复数形式。答案解析crowds123456783.She has turned down several (invitation)to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.(2017全国全国)解析解析several几个，其后的可数名词要用复数形式。几个，其后的可数名词要用复数形式。答案解析invitations123456784.Last

4、October，while tending her garden in Mora，Sweden，Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small (carrot)and was about to throw them away.(2017浙江浙江)解析解析a handful of一把，几个，后接可数名词的复数形式。一把，几个，后接可数名词的复数形式。a handful of carrots几个胡萝卜。几个胡萝卜。答案解析carrots123456785.The nursery team switches him every few (day)with hi

5、s sister so that while one is being bottle-fed，the other is with mumshe never suspects.(2016全国全国)解析解析few用来修饰可数名词复数，故答案为用来修饰可数名词复数，故答案为days。every few days每每隔几天。隔几天。答案解析days123456786.Recent (study)show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.(2016全国全国)解析解析根据后面的谓语动词根据后

6、面的谓语动词show可知，主语应该是复数形式。可知，主语应该是复数形式。答案解析studies123456787.Any smell might attract natural (enemy)that would try to eat the little panda.(2016四川四川)解析解析句意为：任何气味都可能引来天敌句意为：任何气味都可能引来天敌它们会吃掉熊猫宝宝的。它们会吃掉熊猫宝宝的。天敌不止一个，故用复数形式天敌不止一个，故用复数形式enemies。答案解析enemies123456788.Id skipped nearby Guilin，a dream place for t

7、ourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River that are pictured by artists in so many Chinese (painting).(2015全国全国)解析解析many用于修饰可数名词复数，故填该名词的复数形式用于修饰可数名词复数，故填该名词的复数形式paintings。答案解析paintings12345678.单句改错单句改错(每小题仅有每小题仅有1处错误处错误)1.The instructor kept repeating the word，“Spee

8、d up！”“Slow down！”“Turn left！”(2017全国全国)答案123456789words解析解析解析根据后面引号内的内容可知根据后面引号内的内容可知word应该用复数形式应该用复数形式words。2.Besides，they often get some useful informations from the Internet.(2017全国全国)答案information解析解析解析information是不可数名词，没有复数形式。是不可数名词，没有复数形式。1234567893.If we go on a trip abroad，we can broaden ou

9、r view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books.(2016全国全国)答案knowledge解析解析解析knowledge为不可数名词，没有复数形式。为不可数名词，没有复数形式。1234567894.The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me.(2016全国全国)答案years解析解析解析此处指此处指1319 岁的年龄段，故用复数。岁的年龄段，故用复数。1234567895.Mom has a full-time job，but she has to

10、do most of the houseworks.(2016四川四川)答案housework解析解析解析housework是不可数名词，没有复数形式。是不可数名词，没有复数形式。1234567896.The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.(2015全国全国)答案air解析解析解析由后面的定语从句由后面的定语从句we breathe in可知，此处先行词的意思是可知，此处先行词的意思是“空气空气”，air当当“空气空气”讲时为不可数名词。句中的讲时为不可数名词。句中的be动词动词is也是提也是提示。故把示。故把airs改为改

11、为air。1234567897.As I told you last time，I made three new friend here.(2015四川四川)答案friends解析解析解析名词名词friend为可数名词，其前有为可数名词，其前有three修饰，需要用复数形式，修饰，需要用复数形式，故把故把friend改成改成friends。1234567898.My old classroom was interesting because three side of the classroom were made of glass.(2015浙江浙江)答案sides解析解析解析名词名词sid

12、e为可数名词，且前面有为可数名词，且前面有three修饰，故修饰，故side要用复数要用复数形式形式sides。1234567899.When I finally arrived at my friend he lent me lots of clothes.(2011新课标全国新课标全国)答案friends 解析解析解析根据句意可知，当我最后到达根据句意可知，当我最后到达“我朋友的家我朋友的家”(my friends)时，时，他借给我许多衣服。故他借给我许多衣服。故friend应改为应改为friends。123456789考向2词形变换之名词123456.单句语法填空单句语法填空1.This

13、 development was only possible with the (introduce)of electric-powered engines and lifts.(2017全国全国)解析解析空格前是空格前是the，其后接名词。，其后接名词。introduce的名词形式是的名词形式是introduction。答案解析introduction2.She is determined to carry on with her (educate).(2017全国全国)解析解析形容词性物主代词形容词性物主代词her应该用来修饰名词，应该用来修饰名词，educate的名词形式的名词形式是是e

14、ducation。答案解析education1234563.Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires，Asias biggest building，and fancy new hotels.But for tourists like me，pandas are its top (attract).(2016全国全国)解析解析空格前有形容词和物主代词，因此要用名词形式。空格前有形容词和物主代词，因此要用名词形式。答案解析attraction1234564.Then，handle the most important tasks first so youll f

15、eel a real sense of (achieve).(2016全国全国)解析解析介词介词of后要用名词作宾语。固定表达后要用名词作宾语。固定表达a sense of achievement成就感。成就感。答案解析achievement1234565.Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius，who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C.，influenced the (develop)of chopsticks.(2016全国全国)解析解析空前有冠词，此处应用名词作动词的宾语。空前

16、有冠词，此处应用名词作动词的宾语。答案解析development1234566.In addition to their simple beauty，what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their (able)to“air condition”a house without using electric equipment.(2015全国全国)解析解析形容词性物主代词形容词性物主代词their之后应当用名词，故将之后应当用名词，故将able转化为其名转化为其名词形式词形式ability。答案解析ability123456.单句改错单句改错(每

17、小题仅有每小题仅有1处错误处错误)1.My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest.(2016全国全国)答案honesty解析解析解析由句意由句意“他成功的关键是诚信他成功的关键是诚信”可知应当用名词形式。可知应当用名词形式。122.This made for the grow in the porcelain industry.(2013新课标全国新课标全国)答案growth解析解析解析定冠词定冠词the后面应跟名词形式，故后面应跟名词形式，故grow应改为应改为growth。12专题精析名词的分类名词的分类普通普通名词名词可

18、数可数名词名词个体名词个体名词表示单个人或物的名词表示单个人或物的名词集体名词集体名词表示若干个人或物的名词表示若干个人或物的名词不可数不可数名词名词物质名词物质名词表示无法分为个体的物质、材料的名词表示无法分为个体的物质、材料的名词抽象名词抽象名词表示性质、状态、行为、情感、心理等抽表示性质、状态、行为、情感、心理等抽象概念的名词象概念的名词专有专有名词名词表示洲、国、地、人名等表示洲、国、地、人名等表示团体、机构、组织、节日、报刊、朝代等的名称表示团体、机构、组织、节日、报刊、朝代等的名称名词的核心考点名词的核心考点1.可数名词的数可数名词的数这里主要讲其不规则变化。这里主要讲其不规则变化

19、。(1)单、复数同形。如：单、复数同形。如：means，aircraft，deer，fish，Chinese，Japanese，sheep，works(工厂工厂)。(2)合成名词的复数。如：合成名词的复数。如：boyfriendboyfriends，go-betweengo-betweens(中间人中间人)，grown-upgrown-ups；passer-bypassers-by，looker-onlookers-on；woman doctorwomen doctors。(3)只有复数形式的名词。此类名词往往以复数形式出现，表示只有复数形式的名词。此类名词往往以复数形式出现，表示“衣服衣服”

20、、“工工具具”等的总称，不能用具体的数字修饰，也不能加不定冠词等的总称，不能用具体的数字修饰，也不能加不定冠词a/an，但可以用，但可以用a pair of/two pairs of，many等修饰。如：等修饰。如：clothes衣服，衣服，tights紧身裤，紧身裤，jeans牛牛仔裤，仔裤，pajamas睡衣，睡衣，pants(长长)裤子，裤子，shorts短裤，短裤，socks短袜，短袜，stockings长袜，长袜，trousers裤子，裤子，glasses眼镜，眼镜，chopsticks筷子，筷子，compasses圆规，圆规，pincers钳子，钳子，scissors剪刀，剪刀，s

21、cales天平等；另外一类总是以复数形式出现，但不能用具体的天平等；另外一类总是以复数形式出现，但不能用具体的数字修饰，也不能用数字修饰，也不能用a/an，a pair of等修饰，只能用等修饰，只能用many，a great many,a lot of等修饰。如：等修饰。如：belongings所有物，所有物，congratulations祝贺，祝贺，contents目录，目录，earnings收入，收入，fireworks烟火，烟火，goods商品，商品，leavings剩余物，剩余物，pains辛劳，辛劳，spirits情绪，情绪，savings积蓄，积蓄，stairs楼梯，楼梯，sur

22、roundings环境，环境，wages工资，工资，arms武器等。武器等。(4)集体名词的数。有些集体名词通常只用作复数，如：集体名词的数。有些集体名词通常只用作复数，如：people，cattle，police；有些名词只用作单数，如：；有些名词只用作单数，如：machinery，furniture，mankind，jewellery；有些名词既可用作单数又可用作复数，单数看作整体，复数；有些名词既可用作单数又可用作复数，单数看作整体，复数看作集体的各个成员。如：看作集体的各个成员。如：The crew is large.船员人数很多船员人数很多(指整体指整体)。The crew are

23、all tired.船员们都累坏了船员们都累坏了(指个体指个体)。2.不可数名词的数不可数名词的数(1)一般说来抽象名词为不可数名词，但当抽象名词表示具体的东西时，一般说来抽象名词为不可数名词，但当抽象名词表示具体的东西时，可用作可数名词且词义发生变化，主要类型如下：可用作可数名词且词义发生变化，主要类型如下：抽象名词表示具有某种特性、状态、感情情绪的人或事。抽象名词表示具有某种特性、状态、感情情绪的人或事。抽象名词抽象名词(不可数不可数)具体化具体化(表达个体概念时，是可数名词表达个体概念时，是可数名词)in surprise惊讶地惊讶地a surprise一件令人惊讶的事一件令人惊讶的事w

24、in success获得成功获得成功a success一个一个(件件)成功的人成功的人(事事)win honour赢得荣誉赢得荣誉an honour一个一个(件件)引起尊敬的人引起尊敬的人(事事)failure失败失败a failure一个一个(件件)失败的人失败的人(事事)by experience靠经验靠经验an experience一次经历一次经历with pleasure乐意乐意a pleasure一件乐事一件乐事抽象名词与抽象名词与a(n)连用，淡化了抽象概念，转化为似乎可以体验连用，淡化了抽象概念，转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。到的动作、行为或类别。A knowledge

25、 of English is a must in international trade.Would you like to have a walk(swim，bath，talk)with me?It is a waste of time reading such a novel.She made an apology to her mother for her wrong doings.(2)有些物质名词是不可数名词，但表示数量或种类时，可以用作可数有些物质名词是不可数名词，但表示数量或种类时，可以用作可数名词。名词。如：如：some coffee一些咖啡，一些咖啡，a coffee一杯咖啡

26、，一杯咖啡，three coffees三杯咖啡；三杯咖啡；some drink一些饮料，一些饮料，a drink一杯饮料，一杯饮料，three drinks三杯饮料；三杯饮料；his hair他的头发，他的头发，a few grey hairs几根白发；几根白发；glass玻璃，玻璃，a glass一只玻璃杯。一只玻璃杯。3.名词所有格名词所有格(1)-s所有格所有格the boys mother，the childrens toys，the teachers books，Lucy and Lilys bedroom(共用共用)，Lucys and Lilys bedrooms(各自的各自的)

27、(2)“of名词名词”所有格所有格the roof of the house，the cover of the book，the name of the girl，a picture of my father(3)双重所有格双重所有格a friend of my brothers(one of my brothers friends)，a picture of my fathers(one of my fathers pictures)(4)-s所有格的特殊表示形式有：所有格的特殊表示形式有：用于表示人的名词或表集体、机构的名词后，如：用于表示人的名词或表集体、机构的名词后，如：Toms ho

28、me，the doctors，the companys new factory等。等。用于表示时间、距离、价格、重量等的名词后，如：用于表示时间、距离、价格、重量等的名词后，如：todays newspaper，five minutes walk(drive)，five pounds weight，ten dollars worth of coffee。用于表示国家、世界、城市等地方的名词后，如：用于表示国家、世界、城市等地方的名词后，如：the worlds population，Chinas industry，New Yorks parks。(5)所有格的句法功能所有格的句法功能表所有关系

29、表所有关系 Jacks brother表主谓关系表主谓关系 Mr Wangs praise表动宾关系表动宾关系 the famous stars admirers表修饰关系表修饰关系 a doctors degree表同位关系表同位关系(只用只用of所有格所有格)the city of Beijing4.名词的功能名词的功能(1)可作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语可作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语Mary is to meet you at the airport.My brother is a worker.He bought a new book.We made him monitor of

30、our class.(2)作定语作定语英语中有些名词没有其对应的同根形容词，这些名词可以直接用来作定英语中有些名词没有其对应的同根形容词，这些名词可以直接用来作定语修饰另一个名词。语修饰另一个名词。分类意义分类意义air pollution空气污染空气污染coffee cup咖啡杯咖啡杯body language身体语言身体语言road accident交通事故交通事故the Nobel Prize诺贝尔奖诺贝尔奖时间、地点、称呼等时间、地点、称呼等Doctor Jack杰克医生杰克医生Professor Li李教授李教授evening school夜校夜校winter sleep冬眠冬眠表目

31、的、来源、材料、所属意义表目的、来源、材料、所属意义reception desk接待台接待台sports field田径场田径场stone table石桌石桌color TV彩电彩电(3)作状语作状语名词作状语多为表时间或距离等概念的名词。名词作状语多为表时间或距离等概念的名词。The war lasted eight years.(4)作同位语作同位语Tom，our monitor，left school last year.考点集训.单句语法填空单句语法填空1.He had witnessed too many (die)and wounds at the Battle of Solfer

32、ino in Italy four years earlier，in which 40,000 people were killed，wounded or missing.2.Apples new machine，the Lisa，proved to be an expensive (fail).3.I ran into my neighbor，Dennis，yesterday afternoon.He asked if I wanted two tickets to the theater.He had season tickets but couldnt go to this (perfo

33、rm).deathsfailureperformance4.Tourism should also advance the wealth and (happy)of local inhabitants.5.These people have made great (contribute)to China with their work.6.They get advice from“(strange)”.”.When they need advice，they dont usually go to people they know.7.My first (impress)of him was t

34、hat he was a kind and thoughtful young man.happinesscontributionsstrangersimpression8.Those who suffer from headache will find they get (relieve)from this medicine.9.Why do you choose to work in an international travel agency?Well，you know，English is my (strong).So it is my best choice.10.I made a (

35、decide)to look at the flight monitors to see if there was an earlier flight to San Francisco.reliefstrengthdecision.单句改错单句改错(每小题仅有每小题仅有1处错误处错误)1.Within the next few minute，my grandfather also caught a fish.2.You told me the name of different plants and their characteristics.3.Mom，I know I have never

36、 expressed my thank to you before.4.The food was wonderful with reasonable prices，and we enjoyed several local dish.minutesnamesthanksdishes5.Another way is to watch our everyday use of water and electric at home.6.From the time I was about four until I was about six，I destroyed each of my toy.7.We，

37、as well as animal，cannot live without water and neither agriculture nor industry can go without it.8.In early January this year，the rate of UFO reports was steady，around three per weeks.electricitytoysanimalsweek9.Tom was having much troubles getting up in the morning and was always late for work.10

38、.It felt very strange to travel without any luggages.troubleluggage.语法填空语法填空(名词专练名词专练)Born on August 23,1988 in America，Jeremy Shu-How Lin is a professional basketball 1.(play)with the Huston Rockets 2.the National Basketball Association(NBA).But，to some degree，many Chinese fans and 3.(coach)take hi

39、m as a Chinese guy or at least are willing to imagine him as 4.Chinese just because he has a typical Chinese face and his parents were born in China.playerofcoachesaJeremy Lin has recently become 5.success and attracted the worlds attention，which gives Chinese people a lot of 6.(imagine)and7.(proud)

40、.As we know，in most 8.(people)eyes，Jeremy is a miracle.In June,2012，when Jeremy took his third trip to China，a large crowd came to meet him，among whom there were various fans including some 9.(family)，some children and even some 10.(woman)players.pridepeoplesfamilieswomenaimagination1.书面表达中对于复数名词易疏漏

41、书面表达中对于复数名词易疏漏-s或或-es书面表达中名词易错点聚焦书面表达中名词易错点聚焦(误误)Id love to make friend with you.(正正)Id love to make friends with you.(误误)All the picture displayed are of great value.(正正)All the pictures displayed are of great value.2.部分名词的复数变化错误部分名词的复数变化错误如：如：familys，knifes，difficultys，pianoes，heros，woman doctors，tooths，childrens，medias。3.部分词性易混作名词部分词性易混作名词动词误作名词动词误作名词形容词误作名词形容词误作名词动词动词名词名词形容词形容词名词名词succeedsuccesshonesthonestyaffecteffecthealthyhealth4.可数与不可数名词混淆可数与不可数名词混淆不可数不可数可数可数take actiontake measuressome advicesome suggestionstake exerciseeye exercisesmake progressmake mistakesinformationcontributions