高三英语一轮复习语法专题：名词性从句)课件.pptx

1、名词性从句重温高考内容索引专题精析考点集训重温高考.单句语法填空单句语法填空1.As natural architects，the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly _ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.(2015全国全国)解析解析分析句子结构可知，这是一个宾语从句。根据形容词分析句子结构可知，这是一个宾语从句。根据形容词thick及结及结构可知，这里的意思是印第安人算出土坯墙的确切厚度。空格后为形构可知，这里的意思是印第安人算出土坯墙的确切厚度。空格

2、后为形容词，因此空格上应用副词，故填容词，因此空格上应用副词，故填how。考向1宾语从句中的连接词答案解析how1232.We were told that our rooms hadnt been reserved for that week，but for the week after.I didnt understand this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation.(2014广东广东)解析解析分析句子结构可知，此处为宾语从句。由语境可知，此处意为：分析句子结构可知，此处

3、为宾语从句。由语境可知，此处意为：我不明白为什么会发生这样的事。故填我不明白为什么会发生这样的事。故填why。答案解析why1233.The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and all the other students wondered the boy would do.(2012广东广东)解析解析所填词引导宾语从句，同时在从句中作所填词引导宾语从句，同时在从句中作do的宾语，故填的宾语，故填what。答案解析what123.单句改错单句改错(每小题仅有每小题仅有1处错误处错误)1.My uncle is the owne

4、r of a restaurant close to that I live.(2016全国全国)123解析解析解析由句子结构可知，介词由句子结构可知，介词to之后为宾语从句，而宾语从句中缺少之后为宾语从句，而宾语从句中缺少地点状语，故用地点状语，故用where引导。引导。答案where2.After looking at the toy for some time，he turned around and found where his parents were missing.(2015全国全国)或或 After looking at the toy for some time，he tu

5、rned around and found where his parents were missing.答案解析解析解析句意为：句意为：他转过身发现父母不见了。由句意可知，宾语从他转过身发现父母不见了。由句意可知，宾语从句句意完整且不缺少成分，所以应该用句句意完整且不缺少成分，所以应该用that引导从句或省略。引导从句或省略。123that3.If you notice that when someone is missing or hurt，tell your teacher immediately.(2014四川四川)答案解析解析解析that后为陈述式的宾语从句，作后为陈述式的宾语从句，

6、作notice的宾语，从句中不缺成分，的宾语，从句中不缺成分，因此因此when是多余的，应删除。是多余的，应删除。123.单句语法填空单句语法填空Earthquakes worry people a lot.The reason is we often do not know when they are coming.People can not prepare for it.(2017河南中原名校联考河南中原名校联考)答案that解析解析解析设空处引导表语从句，从句的结构和意义完整，所以用设空处引导表语从句，从句的结构和意义完整，所以用that引导。引导。考向2表语从句中的连接词.单句改错单

7、句改错(每小题仅有每小题仅有1处错误处错误)1.This is how I need to improve in the future.(2013大纲全国大纲全国)答案解析解析解析improve既可以作及物动词又可以作不及物动词，故可以为既可以作及物动词又可以作不及物动词，故可以为“我需要提高的地方我需要提高的地方(where)”，也可以为，也可以为“我需要提高的内容我需要提高的内容(what)”。12what/where2.“He has ruined his health.We are worried about him.”That is which other teachers say.

8、(2013辽宁辽宁)答案解析解析解析what作作say的宾语，指其他老师说话的内容。的宾语，指其他老师说话的内容。what12.单句语法填空单句语法填空1.The manager put forward a suggestion we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.(2016天津天津)答案that解析解析解析根据句意可知根据句意可知“经理提出了一个建议经理提出了一个建议”，建议的内容是，建议的内容是“我们我们应该有个助手应该有个助手”，设空后的从句解释说明，设空后的从句解释说明suggestion的内容，且设空处的内

9、容，且设空处在从句中不作任何成分，也不表示任何含义，应用在从句中不作任何成分，也不表示任何含义，应用that。考向3主语从句和同位语从句中的连接词122.you can learn from the ant philosophy is:Never give up，look ahead，stay positive and do all you can.(2017江西上饶模拟江西上饶模拟)答案What解析解析解析分析句子结构可知，设空处引导主语从句，且从句中分析句子结构可知，设空处引导主语从句，且从句中learn后缺后缺少宾语，故填少宾语，故填What。12.单句改错单句改错(仅有仅有1处错误处错

10、误)Its a great pity what we wont be able to finish the task on time.(2017唐山模拟唐山模拟)答案解析解析解析It作形式主语，真正的主语为作形式主语，真正的主语为that引导的从句。引导的从句。that专题精析名词性从句名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)中的连接词中的连接词名词性从句中的连接词有从属连词名词性从句中的连接词有从属连词that/whether/if等，连接代词等，连接代词what/who/which/whose/whatever/whoever/whom

11、ever/whichever等，连接副词等，连接副词where/when/why/how/wherever/whenever等。等。1.that的用法：的用法：(1)主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。但不能省略。That they are good at English is known to us all.The problem is that we dont have enough money.The report that there will be a severe storm in the northern area is fal

12、se.(2)一般情况下，宾语从句中的引导词一般情况下，宾语从句中的引导词that可省略，但在以下几种情况中可省略，但在以下几种情况中that一般不省略：一般不省略：当当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入语时；从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入语时；有多有多个个that引导的从句时，第一个引导的从句时，第一个that可以省略，而其他的可以省略，而其他的that常不可省略；常不可省略；介词介词except，but，besides，in等后跟等后跟that引导的宾语从句时；引导的宾语从句时；当当when，who，what，where，why，how等引导的从句与等引导的从句与that引导的从句引导的从句

13、作主句谓语动词的并列宾语时。作主句谓语动词的并列宾语时。He judged that，because he was a child，he did not understand wine.The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried.(3)that和和what的区别。的区别。that引导名词性从句时，在主从句中不担当任何句子成分，也没有任何含引导名词性从句时，在主从句中不担当任何句子成分，也没有任何含义；而义；而wha

14、t引导名词性从句时，在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分，引导名词性从句时，在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分，what可以分解成定语从句中的可以分解成定语从句中的“先行词关系代词先行词关系代词”，即常说的，即常说的“先行先行词词that/which/who”。Its a shame that he has made such a mistake.I will do what I can(do)to help him.(4)同位语从句与定语从句中同位语从句与定语从句中that的区别。的区别。同位语从句中的连接词同位语从句中的连接词that只起连接作用，在从句中不担当任何句子成分；只起连接作用，在从句

15、中不担当任何句子成分；而定语从句中的关系代词而定语从句中的关系代词that在句中作宾语或主语，与先行词有修饰关系。在句中作宾语或主语，与先行词有修饰关系。如果句子是同位语从句，就应用连接词如果句子是同位语从句，就应用连接词that而不能用而不能用which。同位语从句。同位语从句一般放在表具体含义的名词后解释说明名词的含义或内容，如以下名词：一般放在表具体含义的名词后解释说明名词的含义或内容，如以下名词：news，fact，suggestion，truth，plan，belief，doubt，possibility，idea等，而定语从句只是对先行词的限定和修饰。等，而定语从句只是对先行词的限

16、定和修饰。They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.(同位语从句同位语从句)The hope that they expressed is that they would come to visit China again.(定语从句定语从句)2.whether和和if的用法：的用法：(1)whether和和if在宾语从句中可以互换，但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用在宾语从句中可以互换，但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用whether。It all depends on whether they will come

17、 back.(2)后面直接跟后面直接跟or not 时用时用whether。I didnt know whether or not he had arrived in Wuhan.(3)主语从句、表语从句中只能用主语从句、表语从句中只能用whether。Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.The question is whether they have so much money.(4)whether可以引导同位语从句，用以说明前面的名词的内容，可以引导同位语从句，用以说明前面的名词的内容，if则不能。则不

18、能。We ought to discuss carefully the question whether we can do it or not.(5)whether常与常与or连用表示一种选择，连用表示一种选择，if不能这样用；不能这样用；whether也可与动词也可与动词不定式连用，但不定式连用，但if不能。不能。The question of whether they are male or female is not important.I have not decided whether to go or not.(6)宾语从句位于句首时或者宾语从句提前时用宾语从句位于句首时或者宾语

19、从句提前时用whether不用不用if。Thank you，but whether Ill be free Im not sure at the moment.(7)whether可引导一个让步状语从句表示可引导一个让步状语从句表示“不管不管”、“无论无论”，而，而if不能。不能。Whether he comes or not，we will begin our party on time.3.“疑问词疑问词-ever”和和“no matter疑问词疑问词”的区别：的区别：(1)“疑问词疑问词-ever”可引导名词性从句，在主从句中要充当一定的成分。可引导名词性从句，在主从句中要充当一定的成分

20、。Whoever breaks the rule must be punished.You can choose whatever you like in the shop.(2)“疑问词疑问词-ever”还可引导让步状语从句。还可引导让步状语从句。Whoever breaks the rule，he must be punished.Whatever you do，you must do it well.(3)“no matter疑问词疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句。只能引导让步状语从句。No matter what you do，you must put your heart into it

21、.No matter who comes late，he must be punished.4.when和和where引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别：引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别：when和和where前面的名词若是表示时间、地点的名词，则前面的名词若是表示时间、地点的名词，则when和和where引导的是定语从句，否则为同位语从句。引导的是定语从句，否则为同位语从句。This is the place where the accident happened.(定语从句定语从句)They put forward the question where they could get the

22、money.(同位语从句同位语从句)主语从句的核心考点主语从句的核心考点1.主语从句在复合句中充当主语，大多数主语从句都可以用主语从句在复合句中充当主语，大多数主语从句都可以用it作形式主语作形式主语而把主语从句置于句尾。而把主语从句置于句尾。2.that引导主语从句时可用引导主语从句时可用it作形式主语，作形式主语，that不可省；不可省；what引导的主语引导的主语从句表示从句表示“的东西的东西”时，一般不用时，一般不用it作形式主语；作形式主语；whatever，whoever，whichever一般也不用一般也不用it作形式主语。作形式主语。That she will succeed

23、is certain.It is certain that she will succeed.What he needs is more experience.常见的常见的it替代替代that引导的主语从句的句式主要有以下几种：引导的主语从句的句式主要有以下几种：(1)It系动词形容词系动词形容词(necessary，right，likely，unlikely，wrong，important，certain，clear，obvious，strange，normal等等)that从句从句It is certain that most of the farmers have brought in

24、more money by all means.(2)Itbe名词名词(短语短语)(a pity，a shame，good news，a fact，an honour，a wonder，no wonder等等)that从句从句Its no wonder that youve achieved so much success.(3)Itbe过去分词过去分词(said，told，heard，reported，decided，suggested，advised，ordered，remembered，thought，considered，well-known，announced等等)that从句从句I

25、t is said that the professor has already succeeded in carrying out the experiment.(4)It特殊动词特殊动词(seem，appear，happen，matter)that从句从句It happened to me that I had been away when he called.注意：注意：(1)在在“It is necessary/important/strange/natural.that从句从句”结构中，结构中，从句谓语常用从句谓语常用“(should)动词原形动词原形”。(2)在在“Itbesugg

26、ested/advised/ordered/requested/insisted/required.that从句从句”结构中，从句谓语应用结构中，从句谓语应用“(should)动词原形动词原形”。宾语从句的核心考点宾语从句的核心考点1.动词的宾语从句动词的宾语从句(1)大多数动词大多数动词(hope，tell，say等等)可以带宾语从句。可以带宾语从句。We all expect that they will win，for members of their team are stronger.I dont think you are right.I dont suppose he cares

27、，does he?(2)动词动词find，feel，think，consider，make，believe等后有宾语补足语时，则等后有宾语补足语时，则常用常用it作形式宾语而将作形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置。宾语从句后置。I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day.(3)有些动词有些动词(短语短语)带宾语从句时习惯上需要在宾语从句前加带宾语从句时习惯上需要在宾语从句前加it。这类动词。这类动词(短语短语)有有hate，enjoy，like，love，dislike，see to等。等。I hate i

28、t when they talk with their mouths full.2.一般情况下介词后只能用一般情况下介词后只能用wh-类连接词引导宾语从句。类连接词引导宾语从句。We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.注意：注意：(1)where引导的从句有时也可用作介词的宾语。引导的从句有时也可用作介词的宾语。We could see the temple quite clearly from where we lived.(2)that引导的从句作介词的宾语是很少有的，只有在引导的从句作介词的宾语是很少有的，

29、只有在except，in，but等等介词后偶尔可能用到。介词后偶尔可能用到。Your composition is quite good except that the organization is a bit loose.(3)sure，certain，glad，pleased，happy，surprised等表示等表示“情感情感”的形的形容词后也可带宾语从句。容词后也可带宾语从句。Im sure that they will make it in spite of the terrible weather.表语从句的核心考点表语从句的核心考点1.主句的主语是主句的主语是idea，advi

30、ce，suggestion，order，request，requirement等名等名词时，表语从句的谓语应用虚拟语气，即词时，表语从句的谓语应用虚拟语气，即“(should)动词原形动词原形”的形式。的形式。His suggestion is that we(should)change our course.2.主语为名词主语为名词reason时，表语从句中的连接词要用时，表语从句中的连接词要用that，而不用，而不用why或或because。The reason for such a serious accident is that the driver was too careless

31、and drank too much.3.because，as if，as though，as，like等连接词也可引导表语从句。等连接词也可引导表语从句。He has lung disease.That is because he has been smoking too much.同位语从句的核心考点同位语从句的核心考点同位语从句是用以解释说明某一名词的内容的从句。同位语从句是用以解释说明某一名词的内容的从句。1.能接同位语从句的名词有：能接同位语从句的名词有：belief，fact，hope，idea，doubt，news，conclusion，suggestion，problem，or

32、der，answer，decision，explanation，information，thought等。等。2.同位语从句一般用同位语从句一般用that引导，但也可以用连接代词引导，但也可以用连接代词(what，which，who)、连接副词连接副词(when，where，why，how)或或whether引导。引导。I have no idea what has happened to him.3.有时同位语从句不紧跟在它所说明的某个名词后，而是被别的词隔开。有时同位语从句不紧跟在它所说明的某个名词后，而是被别的词隔开。The story goes that William Tell di

33、d kill the king with that sword.考点集训.单句语法填空单句语法填空1.we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.2.A ship in harbor is safe，but thats not ships are built for.3.Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?Yeah，but I have no idea he did it；thats one of his favorite un

34、iversities.4.The companies are working together to create they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century.5.It doesnt matter you turn right or left at the crossingboth roads lead to the park.Howwhatwhywhatwhether6.As many as five courses are provided，and you are free to choose _sui

35、ts you best.7.Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt he could have expressed it differently.8.The notice came around two in the afternoon the meeting would be postponed.whicheverthatthat9.A farmer once organized a competition between his dog and his rabbit.He dug a hole in one of his bigge

36、st fields，and hid a carrot and a bone in it.He wanted to see animal would find them first.10.It can be really upset trying to ask for something in a store or to tell the taxi driver you are going.whichwhere.单句改错单句改错(每小题仅有每小题仅有1处错误处错误)1.That Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.2

37、.It was never clear whether the man hadnt reported the accident sooner.3.It is still under discussion if the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.4.He said how a lovely girl she was.whyWhatwhetherwhat5.The villagers have already known which well do is to rebuild the bridge.6

38、.What he should do is he stays at home and waits for his mother from work.7.The reason why he was late was because his bike went wrong.8.Id like to start my own businessthats how Id do if I had money.9.He came late.That was he got up late.10.The question that why so many people would choose to live

39、in the countryside but to work in the city is still under discussion.whatthatbecausethatwhat.语法填空语法填空(名词性从句专练名词性从句专练)1.worries my classmate Mary a lot these days is 2.she puts on too much weight and she is frequently ill.She has some doubts 3.she eats too much fast food high in fat or sugar.Also，wit

40、h the College Entrance Examination approaching，she becomes more stressful and she cant sleep well these days.Maybe this is 4.she becomes fatter these days，she thinks.5.she becomes slimmer and healthier has been her main task.So she wants to consult some experts and gain some instructions.But where s

41、he could get better suggestions and 6.will give her better advice also puzzle her.WhatthatwhetherwhyHowwhoIt is parents suggestion 7.she should consult Professor Wang in Zhongshan Hospital.Professor Wang suggests 8.she keep a balanced diet first.She should eat vegetables and fruit high in fiber，vita

42、min and protein.Whats more，if she wants to lose weight，she had better take regular exercise more than half an hour a day.Mary asked Professor Wang 9.she should take exercise.Professor Wang advised her to take exercise at 5 oclock in the afternoon.That is 10.she will have more time to do sports.It is

43、 with the help of Professor Wang that Mary has become much healthier now.thatthatwhenbecause1.语序问题语序问题(误误)These pictures show you what does our village look like.(正正)These pictures show you what our village looks like.宾语从句的语序应用陈述语序，而不是特殊疑问句的语序。宾语从句的语序应用陈述语序，而不是特殊疑问句的语序。(误误)Do you think which of thes

44、e is the most useful invention?(正正)Which of these do you think is the most useful invention?在疑问句中，宾语从句的连接词应担当特殊疑问词的角色位于句首。在疑问句中，宾语从句的连接词应担当特殊疑问词的角色位于句首。书面表达中名词性从句易错点聚焦书面表达中名词性从句易错点聚焦2.what和和that的运用的运用(误误)America was that was first called“India”by Columbus.(正正)America was what was first called“India”

45、by Columbus.在名词性从句中，连接词在名词性从句中，连接词that既不作任何句子成分，也没有意义；而连既不作任何句子成分，也没有意义；而连接代词接代词what则相反，它既充当从句的主干成分也有其自身的意义。则相反，它既充当从句的主干成分也有其自身的意义。另外，我们可以把另外，我们可以把what解释为：解释为：the名词名词that/which。3.whether和和if的运用的运用(误误)If well hold the party has not been decided yet.(正正)Whether well hold the party has not been decide

46、d yet.whether适用于任何情况；适用于任何情况；if(作作“是否是否”讲讲)仅限于动词宾语从句中，但仅限于动词宾语从句中，但discuss，decide等动词后的宾语从句除外。等动词后的宾语从句除外。4.连接词的使用易受汉语干扰连接词的使用易受汉语干扰(误误)The reason why I was late is because I was trapped in the traffic jam.(正正)The reason why I was late is that I was trapped in the traffic jam.第一句通过提取简化可得出：第一句通过提取简化可得出：The reason is because.在英语中显然造在英语中显然造成了重复现象。成了重复现象。