不定式的用法课件讲义.ppt

1、To finish so much the homework in a day is impossible.To see is to believe.My wish is to be a doctor.I want to do it myself.We found it difficult to work with him.He always has a lot of meetings to attend.He is looking for a room to live in.I study hard to serve the people well.In order not to be la

2、te she took a bus.动词不定式动词不定式：（to）+do，具有名词、形容词、副词的特征具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。主动主动被动被动一般式一般式to writeto be written进行式进行式to be writing /完成式完成式to have written to have been written否定式否定式：not+(to)do1）一般式一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的动作与：不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作谓语动词动作同时同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后之后。Im glad to meet you.He seems to know

3、 a lot.We plan to pay a visit.He wants to be an artist.The patient asked to be operated on at once.The teacher ordered the work to be done.（2）进行式进行式：不定式的进行式所表示的动作与：不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作谓语动词动作同时发生同时发生，例如：，例如：The boy pretended to be working hard.He seems to be reading in his room.（3）完成式完成式：不定式的完成式表示的动作

4、发生：不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语在谓语 动词动作动词动作之前之前，例如：，例如：I regretted to have told a lie.I happened to have seen the film.He is pleased to have met his friend.4.被动式被动式The patient asked to be operated on at once.The teacher ordered the work to be done.（1）作主语：）作主语：To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.To l

5、ose your heart means failure.动词不定式短语作主语时，常用动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语作形式主语 例如上面两句可用如下形式：例如上面两句可用如下形式：It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.It means failure to lose your heart.常见的带形式主语常见的带形式主语it的句型：的句型：It is easy(difficult,important,possible,necessary,good,kind,wise,foolish)to do sth.It is a p

6、leasure(pity,crime,an honor)to do sth.It takes(sb.)some time to do sth.2）作表语：Her job is to clean the hall.He appears to have caught a cold.眼见为实眼见为实.Seeing is to believe.To see is believing.Seeing is believing.To see is to believe.你要干的事就是尽快把这项工作做完。你要干的事就是尽快把这项工作做完。All you have to do is finish the job

7、 quickly.All you have to do is(to)finish the job quickly.不定式作表语时一般紧跟在系动词不定式作表语时一般紧跟在系动词be,seem,remain,appear,get等后面，用来说明主语的内容。等后面，用来说明主语的内容。常见的主语有：常见的主语有：ones dream,business,wish,idea,plan,job,work,task,duty,what one wants to do（3）作宾语作宾语：常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：want,hope,wish,offer,fail,plan,l

8、earn,pretend,refuse,manage,help,agree,promise,prefer,etc.Fred didnt have any money,so he decided to look for a job.He promised not to tell anyone about it.如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置后置，放在宾语补足语后面，例如：放在宾语补足语后面，例如：Marx found it important to study the sit

9、uation in Russia.动词不定式也可充当介词宾语，如：动词不定式也可充当介词宾语，如：I have no choice but to stay here.He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike.动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用，如：动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用，如：He gave us some advice on how to learn English.4）作宾语补足语：作宾语补足语：在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，如下动词常跟这种复合宾语：如下动词常跟这种复合宾语：wan

10、t,wish,ask,tell,order,beg,permit,help,advise,persuade,allow,prepare,cause,force,call on,wait for,invite有些动词如有些动词如make,let,see,watch,hear,feel,have等与不带有等与不带有to的不定式连用，但改为的不定式连用，但改为被动语态时被动语态时，不定式要，不定式要加加to,如：如：I saw him cross the road.He was seen to cross the road.（7）作状语：作状语：Eg.He is lucky to get here

11、on time.Be careful not to catch a cold.They started early so as to catch the first bus.I hurried to get there only to find him out.They parted never to see each other.He studied hard only to fail.表目的表目的：He worked day and night to get the money.She sold her hair to buy the watch chain.注意不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与

12、句子主语要一致：注意不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致：wrong：To save money,every means has been tried.right：To save money,he has tried every means.wrong：To learn English well,a dictionary is needed.right：To learn English well,he needs a dictionary.表结果表结果：He arrived late to find the train gone.常用常用only放在不定式前表示强调：放在不定式前表示强调：

13、I visited him only to find him.表原因：表原因：They were very sad to hear the news.表程度表程度：Its too dark for us to see anything.The question is simple for him to answer.作独立成分：作独立成分：To tell you the truth,I dont like the way he talked.不定式的省略：保留不定式的省略：保留to省略省略do动词动词。If you dont want to do it,you dont need to.不定式

14、的并列：第二个不定式可省略不定式的并列：第二个不定式可省略to。He wished to study medicine and become a doctor.为了避免重复，作宾语的不定式第二次出现时往往省略，为了避免重复，作宾语的不定式第二次出现时往往省略，只保留不定式符号。只保留不定式符号。在在want,wish,hope,like,hate,plan,try,love 等词后。等词后。Eg.You can try it again if you want to.-Have you listened to the music?-No,but I plan to.2.在在 have to,o

15、ught to,need后面。后面。Eg.I didnt want to bother you,but I had to as I forgot the address.3.在在be able to,used to,be going to后面。后面。Eg.Mr.Li planned to come but he wasnt able to.Shanghai is not the city as it used to.4.当介词当介词but,except,besides前面有实义动词前面有实义动词do时，时，不定式在介词不定式在介词之后可以省去之后可以省去to。敌人除了投降敌人除了投降surre

16、nder之外，别无出路。之外，别无出路。The enemy can do nothing but_.The enemy had nothing to choose but _.除了看小说之外，他还喜欢别的吗？除了看小说之外，他还喜欢别的吗？What does he like to do besides _ novels?What does he like besides _ novels?1 Robert is said _ abroad,but I didnt know what country he studied in.A to have studied B to study C to

17、be studying D to have been studying2 The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,_ it more difficult.A not make B not to make C not making D do not make3.Ive worked with children before,so I know what _ in my new job.A.expected B.to expect C to be expecting D expects4 Having a trip abroad

18、 is certainly good for the old couple,but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it.A.to see B.to be seen C.seeing D.seen5.It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows _.A.it what to do with B.what to do it with C.what to do with it D.to do what with it6.Paul doesnt have to be

19、made _.He always works hard.A.learn B.to learn C.learned D.learning7 We agreed _ here but so far she hasnt turned out yet.A.having met B.meeting C.to meet D.to have met8.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told him _.A.not to B.not to do C.not do it D.do not to9.The patient was warmed _ only food after the operation.A to eat not B.eating not C.not to eat D.not eating10.I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.A.to go B.to have gone C.going D.having gone