最新人教版八年级英语下册Unit-2-Grammar-focus公开课课课件.ppt

1、1.Id like to help homeless people.2.She decided to try out for a volunteer.3.You could ask hospitals to let you visit the kids and cheer them up.4.Mario believes it can help him to get his future dream job.5.She volunteers there once a week to help kids learn to read.6.Im taking some signs to put up

2、 around the school.could 是情态动词是情态动词can的过去式的过去式,但但常用来表示委婉的语气，此时与过常用来表示委婉的语气，此时与过去式无关，语气比去式无关，语气比can 更委婉。可以更委婉。可以用来表示建议或劝告，意为用来表示建议或劝告，意为“可以；可以；不妨不妨”。could for suggestions The girl could visit the sick kids in the hospital to cheer them up.The boy could give out food at the food bank.The girl could vo

3、lunteer in an after-school study program to teach kids.The boy could help to clean up the city parks.-I need to get some money to pay for summer camp.What should I do?-I think maybe you could get a part-time job.-Could you let me have your passport?-Yes,here it is.知识链接知识链接 could表示表示“能力能力”或或“可能性可能性”，

4、作，作为为can的过去形式。如：的过去形式。如：Could you speak English then？那时你能讲英语吗？那时你能讲英语吗？短语动词短语动词 Phrasal verbs 短语动词是指英语中有些动词和其他词类短语动词是指英语中有些动词和其他词类一起连用，构成一个固定词组，可看成一个整一起连用，构成一个固定词组，可看成一个整体，相当于一个单独的动词，这种组合称之为体，相当于一个单独的动词，这种组合称之为短语动词。短语动词。动词动词+介词介词此类短语动词可以用作及物动词此类短语动词可以用作及物动词,后面必须接后面必须接宾语。宾语。Look at the blackboard,ple

5、ase!请看黑板！请看黑板！此类短语动词还有此类短语动词还有listen to,depend on/upon,look for,deal with,look after,take after,wait for等。等。短语动词的构成基本有下列几种短语动词的构成基本有下列几种:动词动词+副词副词 此类短语动词既可以用作及物动词此类短语动词既可以用作及物动词,也可以也可以用作不及物动词。用作不及物动词。I get up very early every morning.我每天早晨都很早起床。我每天早晨都很早起床。Can you work out this problem?你能做出这道题吗？你能做出这

6、道题吗？注意注意:当此类短语动词用作及物动词时当此类短语动词用作及物动词时,如果宾如果宾语是名词语是名词,可以将其放在短语的后面可以将其放在短语的后面,也可以也可以放在动词和副词之间；如果宾语是代词放在动词和副词之间；如果宾语是代词,则必则必须将其放在动词和副词之间。须将其放在动词和副词之间。He put on his clothes quickly.=He put his clothes on quickly.他快速地穿上了衣服。他快速地穿上了衣服。Please wake me up at five tomorrow morning.请明天早晨五点钟叫醒我。请明天早晨五点钟叫醒我。此类短语动

7、词还有：此类短语动词还有：clean up,cheer up,give out,eat up,fix up,give up,give away,hand out,help out,put off,put up,take off等。等。动词动词+副词副词+介词介词 此类短语动词可以用作及物动词。此类短语动词可以用作及物动词。Were running out of water.我们的水快用光了。我们的水快用光了。此类短语动词还有此类短语动词还有come up with,do well in,look forward to,look down upon,look out of,put up with

8、等。等。动词动词+名词名词+介词介词 此类短语动词的意义取决于名词此类短语动词的意义取决于名词,而不是动词而不是动词,修饰时不用副词而用形容词。修饰时不用副词而用形容词。We should take good care of our parents.我们应该好好照顾我们的父母。我们应该好好照顾我们的父母。此类短语动词还有此类短语动词还有make use of,take pride in,make friends with,pay attention to等。等。4a4aFill in the blanks with the phrasal verbs in the box.1.I want t

9、o _ my plan to work in an animal hospital until next summer.Im too busy with my studies this year.2.She hopes to _ at least five primary schools to ask if they need to volunteers for their after-school programs.put uphand outcall upcheer upcome up withgive output offput offcall upput uphand outcall

10、upcheer upcome up withgive output off3.Our class is trying to _ some ideas to _ sick children because they are often sad.4.We decided to _ signs around the school and _ notices to tell students about the book sale.We will _ the money from the sale to homeless e up withcheep upput uphand outgive out

11、put up 张贴；搭建张贴；搭建He put up some signs asking for old bikes.他张贴了一些寻求旧自行车的告示。他张贴了一些寻求旧自行车的告示。They quickly put up a tent.他们迅速地搭建了一个帐篷。他们迅速地搭建了一个帐篷。I bought a nice picture and _ on the wall.A.put up it B.put it up C.put up them D.put them up【点拨点拨】选选B。代替。代替a nice picture 应用代词应用代词it,排除排除C、D两项；两项；put up 是是

12、“动词动词+副词副词”构成的短语动词，代词作宾语时应置于短语构成的短语动词，代词作宾语时应置于短语中间。中间。put off 推迟；拖延推迟；拖延We cant put off making a plan.我们不能推迟制订计划。我们不能推迟制订计划。(1)put off“推迟；拖延推迟；拖延”，是由，是由“动词动词+副词副词”构成的短语动词，其后可接名词、代词或动词构成的短语动词，其后可接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语。形式作宾语。(2)当代词作宾语时，要放在动词和副词中间。当代词作宾语时，要放在动词和副词中间。类似的短语动词还有：类似的短语动词还有：put up,fix up,call

13、up,cheer up,write down,give out,hand out等。等。The meeting is very important.We cant _.A.put off it B.put it off C.put it up D.put it away【点拨点拨】选选B。句意：这次会议非常重要，。句意：这次会议非常重要，我们不能推迟。我们不能推迟。put off“推迟；拖延推迟；拖延”，代词作宾语时，要置于代词作宾语时，要置于put与与off之间。之间。根据句意及括号内的汉语提示根据句意及括号内的汉语提示,用短语的正确形用短语的正确形式填空。式填空。1.Cant you _

14、_(想出想出)a better excuse than that?2.Your desks are too dirty.You should _ _ _(打扫它们打扫它们)at once.3.The school has _ _(开办开办)a special class to help poor readers.think up cleanthem up set up 4.We should try our best to _ _ _ (使她开心起来使她开心起来).5.Who can _ _ _(想出想出)a good idea for our party?6.The teacher _ _(

15、挂起挂起)a Chinese map on the wall of the classroom yesterday.7.There are some people _ _(分发分发)papers at the shopping center every day.cheer her upcome up with put up giving out/handing out hang out write down hand out take after fix up work out ask for run out of take away from根据句意根据句意,从方框中选择正确的短从方框中选择

16、正确的短语语,并用其正确形式填空。并用其正确形式填空。1.Dont worry.I will help you _ your computer.2.The problem is too difficult for me to _.3.Who is helping the teacher _ the students homework?hang out,write down,hand out,take after,fix up,work out,ask for,run out of,take away fromfix upwork outhand out4.I have two children

17、.My son looks like me and my daughter _ her mother.5.Please wait a minute!Ill get a pen to _ your telephone number.6.If you have any problems,you can _ help.hang out,write down,hand out,take after,fix up,work out,ask for,run out of,take away fromtakes afterwrite downask for7.These books mustnt _ the

18、 library.8.I like _ with my friends after school.9.Have you _ all of your money?hang out,write down,hand out,take after,fix up,work out,ask for,run out of,take away frombe taken away from hanging out/to hang out run out of 单项选择单项选择1.You are so handsome.I think you might _ your father.A.look after B.

19、take after C.look up D.look for2.My pet dog is lost.Could you please help me _?A.look it for B.look them for C.look for it D.look for them 3.The computer doesnt work.Lets _.A.fix up it B.fix it up C.fix up them D.fix them up4.Bob cant buy any new books because he has _ his money.A.run out B.run out

20、ofC.ran out D.ran out of5.The tree is very tall.I cant _ now.A.get down B.turn downC.get out D.turn off6.Im going on vacation.Could you please _ my dog while I am away?A.take care B.take care of C.took care D.took care of7.You must pay attention _ your pronunciation.A.at B.with C.to D.in8.I think pa

21、rents should be strict _ their children.A.is B.about C.of D.withTom,its cold outside._ your coat when you go out.OK,Mom.（2015克拉玛依）克拉玛依）A.Take off B.Take away C.Put away D.Put on【答案答案】DThe boy has a good habit to _ all the things in right places.（2015呼和浩特）呼和浩特）A.put away B.put up C.take away D.take u

22、p【答案答案】A【2012 福建福州福建福州】It was such a funny show that people couldnt help _ again and again.A.laugh B.to laugh C.laughing【解析解析】考查固定搭配。考查固定搭配。cant help doing sth.意为意为“禁不住做某事禁不住做某事”，此处句意为：这是一，此处句意为：这是一场如此有趣的表演场如此有趣的表演,以至于人们忍不住笑了一次以至于人们忍不住笑了一次又一次。故选又一次。故选C。【2012贵州贵阳贵州贵阳】When you leave the reading room,y

23、ou should remember to _ the lights.A.turn on B.turn down C.turn off【解析解析】考查动词短语的用法。考查动词短语的用法。turn on意为意为“打开打开”；turn down意为意为“关小关小”；turn off意为意为“关上关上”。根据句意：当你离开阅览室时，。根据句意：当你离开阅览室时，你应该记住把灯关上。故选你应该记住把灯关上。故选C。【2012 甘肃鸡西市甘肃鸡西市】My grandpa is sleeping.Will you please _ the radio?A.turn down B.turn up C.tur

24、n on【答案答案】A【2012 湖北黄石湖北黄石】We should learn how to _ well with people around us.A.get along B.get down C.get to D.get up【答案答案】A【2012湖北湖北荆州荆州】I dont think we can find a new way to work out the problem.But wed better not _.A.end up B.hand out C.give up D.put out【答案答案】C【2012 浙江杭州浙江杭州】He failed in the mat

25、h test and looks sad.Lets _.A.put him up B.set him up C.cheer him up D.clean him up【答案答案】C【2011山东济宁山东济宁】18.-Could you please provide us _ some information about the students health?-Of course,its my pleasure.A.to B.of C.from D.with答案：答案：D【解析解析】介词的用法。介词的用法。provide sb.with sth.意为意为“向某人提供某物向某人提供某物”，为固定

26、短语。故选，为固定短语。故选D。当我们要表示当我们要表示“想做某事、需要做某事或想做某事、需要做某事或决定做某事决定做某事”时，就会出现时，就会出现两个动词连用两个动词连用的情况的情况，这时应如何表达呢？，这时应如何表达呢？同学们自然会想到同学们自然会想到 want to do sth.,need to do sth.和和 decide to do sth.等表达方式。等表达方式。主要行为动词后面的动词采用主要行为动词后面的动词采用“to+动词原动词原形形”的结构，我们把这种结构称为的结构，我们把这种结构称为动词不动词不定式定式（有时可以不带（有时可以不带to）。）。动词不定式没动词不定式没有

27、人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语。下面我们一起来看一下动词不定式有哪些下面我们一起来看一下动词不定式有哪些语法功能语法功能。1.什么是动词不定式？什么是动词不定式？1.不定式作宾语不定式作宾语 1)动词不定式作动词的宾语。学习不定式动词不定式作动词的宾语。学习不定式作宾语时作宾语时,要注意掌握后接不定式作宾语的动要注意掌握后接不定式作宾语的动词。常见动词有词。常见动词有:want,hope,wish,like,begin,try,agree,help 等。等。Many people decide not to think about it.许多人决定不去想

28、这件事。许多人决定不去想这件事。I want to go to the library.我想去图书馆。我想去图书馆。2.动词不定式的主要语法功能：动词不定式的主要语法功能：动词动词+to do sth.的固定搭配：的固定搭配：want to do sth.decide to do sth.hope to do sth.plan to do sth.offer to do sth.agree to do sth.learn to do sth.ask sb.to do sth.tell sb.to do sth.want sb.to do sth.invite sb.to do sth.1.(无

29、锡中考无锡中考)Hell use what he has _ her a new dress.A.bought B.to buy C.buying D.been bought【解析解析】选选B2.(2005武汉武汉)Mother asks me _ computer games before finishing my homework.A.not play B.to play C.not to play D.to not play 【解析解析】选选C2.(宿迁中考宿迁中考)-Mum,can I have something _?-Oh,dear.You can only drink some

30、water.There is _ in the kitchen.A.to drink;nothing else B.drinking;something else C.to eat;something else D.eating;nothing else【解析解析】选选A。不定式作定语修饰名词或代词。不定式作定语修饰名词或代词时要放在后面，先排除时要放在后面，先排除B、D二项；由关键信二项；由关键信息息You can only drink some water.可排除可排除C。2)动词不定式作形容词的宾语。这类形容动词不定式作形容词的宾语。这类形容词有词有:able,afraid,angry,

31、careful,easy等。如：等。如：I am very happy to meet you.我见到你很高兴。我见到你很高兴。She is afraid to walk at night.她害怕走夜路。她害怕走夜路。It is easy to understand the cartoon.看懂这部卡通片很容易。看懂这部卡通片很容易。3)动词不定式作介词动词不定式作介词but和和except的宾语。的宾语。介词之前有行为动词介词之前有行为动词do或它的其它形式时，或它的其它形式时，不定式符号不定式符号to通常被省略。如：通常被省略。如：He had no choice but to sit t

32、here as usual.他没有什么选择，只好像往常一样坐在那儿。他没有什么选择，只好像往常一样坐在那儿。I have no other wish except to pass the examination.我除了要通过考试之外，没有别的心愿。我除了要通过考试之外，没有别的心愿。He cant do anything but wait for me there.他什么也不能做，只好在那等我。他什么也不能做，只好在那等我。()1.He wants _ some vegetables.A.buy B.buying C.to buy D.buys()2.Dont forget _ your ho

33、mework with you when you come to school.A.to bring B.bringing C.to take D.taking()3.He found it very difficult _.A.sleeping B.sleeps C.slept D.to fall asleep CADPractice2.动词不定式做宾语补足语动词不定式做宾语补足语 不定式做宾语补足语是对宾语的补充说明。不定式做宾语补足语是对宾语的补充说明。1）带）带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词主的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词主要有：要求、允许、提议要有：要求、允许、提议(ask,al

34、low,advise)，期望、邀请、鼓励期望、邀请、鼓励(expect,invite,encourage)，教导、告诉、想要教导、告诉、想要(teach,tell,want)，等待、希，等待、希望、愿意望、愿意(wait for,wish,would like/love)。如：。如：Id invite her to have dinner at my house.We should allow the children to choose their own clothes.2）不带）不带to的不定式作宾补的不定式作宾补 在主动句里，动词不定式在在主动句里，动词不定式在使役动词使役动词(mak

35、e,let,have)或或感官动词感官动词(feel,listen to,hear,look at,see,watch,notice)之后作宾补时，不之后作宾补时，不定式需省去定式需省去to。包括。包括四四“看看”：look at,observe,see,watch；三三“让让”：have,let,make；二二“听听”：hear,listen to；一一“感感觉觉”：feel；一一“注意注意”：notice。如：。如：I felt someone open my door.我感觉有人开了我的门。我感觉有人开了我的门。Please listen to me sing the song agai

36、n.请听我把这首歌再唱一遍。请听我把这首歌再唱一遍。You cant let the boy stand in the sun.你不能让那孩子站在太阳底下。你不能让那孩子站在太阳底下。You must watch me carefully do everything.你必须仔细观察我所做的一切。你必须仔细观察我所做的一切。注意：注意：感官动词后既可跟省略感官动词后既可跟省略to的不定式作宾的不定式作宾补，也可跟现在分词作宾补。其区别是：补，也可跟现在分词作宾补。其区别是：前者强调动作的全过程或经常性；后者则前者强调动作的全过程或经常性；后者则强调动作在进行强调动作在进行(片断片断)。试比较：。

37、试比较：I heard her sing.我听见她唱了歌。我听见她唱了歌。I heard her singing.我听见她正在唱歌。我听见她正在唱歌。3）带）带to或不带或不带to的不定式作宾补的不定式作宾补 动词动词help后接动词不定式作补语，后接动词不定式作补语，to可可带可不带。带可不带。They can help you to learn English.Using email English helps you write quickly.4）不定式做宾语补足语时，如果要表达否）不定式做宾语补足语时，如果要表达否定的意思，要在定的意思，要在to do前加前加not,构成构成not

38、to do的形式。如：的形式。如：Tom told me not to touch anything.Mother asked us not to make too much noise.3.不定式作状语不定式作状语 不定式常常作目的状语、原因状语、结果状不定式常常作目的状语、原因状语、结果状语等。不定式作状语时，要注意语等。不定式作状语时，要注意不定式的逻不定式的逻辑主语应与句子的主语保持一致。辑主语应与句子的主语保持一致。I came to Beijing to see my grandpa.我来北京看望我爷爷。我来北京看望我爷爷。Im glad to meet you！很高兴见到你！很高

39、兴见到你！Im too tired to walk.我太累了，走不动了。我太累了，走不动了。1）目的状语）目的状语 如果想要表达如果想要表达“做某事是为了什么做某事是为了什么”，可，可以用动词不定式表示目的，作目的状语。不以用动词不定式表示目的，作目的状语。不定式做目的状语时，可以放在句首，也可以定式做目的状语时，可以放在句首，也可以放在句尾。置于句首时常表示强调。如：放在句尾。置于句首时常表示强调。如：In order to catch the early bus,she got up very early.A group of young people got together to di

40、scuss this question.She came to this city to visit her daughter.2）原因状语，多见于）原因状语，多见于“sb.+be+adj.+to do.”结结构句中。如：构句中。如：I feel very lucky to have him.He ran out of money to buy old bikes.3）结果状语，多见于）结果状语，多见于“too.to”，“enough to.”结构句中。如：结构句中。如：Im too tired to do it well.The room is big enough for three pe

41、ople to live in.4b4bFill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in the box.help move do make visit spendMost people today are only worried about getting good jobs _ lots of money.In their free time,they think about what _ for fun.However,few people think about what they can do _ others.to

42、 maketo doto helpThere are many people who are less lucky than us.Volunteering our time to help these people is a good way _ our free time.For example,we can make plans _ sick children in the hospital or raise money for homeless people.Some people even stop doing their jobs for a few months or a yea

43、r _ to another place,like one of the countries in Africa,and help people there.to spendto visitto move4c4cComplete the sentences with your own ideas.Use infinitives.1.Id like to volunteer _.2.At 12:00 a.m.,I called my friend _.3.Im very busy but I could help _.at the food bank and help to give out f

44、ood to the homeless people to ask him an important question to paint the house for a few hours tomorrow4.Summer vacation is coming,and I want _.5.I want to travel alone.My parents told me _.to visit my grandparents in Hunan not to do that because I am too young and it is not safe()My parents didnt a

45、llow me _ to the party.（2015天津）天津）A.go B.to go C.Goes D.wentB()Mr.Smith told his son _ the football match because of the exam.（2015呼呼和浩特）和浩特）A.not to watch B.to not watch C.not watching D.doesnt watchAWhat did your teacher say this morning?She told us _ make faces in class.(2013湖北随州湖北随州)A.to not B.n

46、ot to C.do not D.didntJessicas parents always encourage her _out her opinions.(2013辽宁鞍山辽宁鞍山)A.speak B.speaking C.to speak D.will speakBC()Jacks teacher asked him _ off the lights after class.(2013四川南充四川南充)A.turning B.turned C.to turn C()When I was walking past the window,I noticed Wang Fei _ my home

47、work.I really got_.(2011山东烟台山东烟台)A.copying,annoyed B.copying,annoying C.copy,annoyed D.copied,annoyedA()_ out your love.The world will become a nicer place to live in.(2012河南河南)A.Speak B.To speak C.Spoke D.Speaking()Father often tells me _ too much time on computer games.(2010河南河南)A.dont spend B.not

48、 spend C.not to spend D.not spendingCA()Drivers shouldnt be allowed _ after drinking,or they will break the law.(2012湖北咸宁湖北咸宁)A.drive B.driving C.to drive D.to be driven()The teacher told the students _ any food into the computer room.(2010广东广州广东广州)A.not to bring B.not bring C.dont bring D.bring not

49、CA()_ English well,he practices speaking English every day.(2010黑龙江黑龙江)A.LearnB.LearningC.To learn()If prices rise too high,the government has to do something _ it.(2011山东临山东临沂沂)A.stop B.stopped C.stopping D.to stop CD()What time do you expect her _?(2011山东威海山东威海)A.arrive B.is arriving C.arriving D.to arrive()Teachers often tell us _ in the river after school.(2011四川内江四川内江)A.dont swim B.not swim C.not to swimDC