2023年高考英语专题复习：阅读理解题型技巧 课件50张.pptx

1、阅读理解题型技巧20232023年年高考英语高考英语专题复习专题复习0101词汇猜测题词汇猜测题提问方式：What does the underlined word“.”in paragraph.mean/refer to.?The underlined word“.”refer to/mean.Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word“”?By the underlined word“”,the author means.总结：题干中出现underlined时候，一般为词汇猜测题考察方式：主要考察逻

2、辑关系（1）并列关系：定义或解释说明：信号词：be,be called,means,be defined as,is,are,are called,mean,refer to,known as练习：A mosquito is a small flying pest that thrust（刺）the skin and then drink blood.蚊子蚊子考察方式：主要考察逻辑关系（1）并列关系：重述：信号词:or,that is(to say),in other words,to put it another way,i.e.,to be more exact,namely练习：All

3、whales fall into two groups,those with teeth and those without,Dolphins belong to odontoceti,that is to say,they are toothed whales.装置装置考察方式：主要考察逻辑关系（1）并列关系：举例：信号词：such,such as,like,for example/instance,especially,include练习：Cars must have certain safety devices such as seat belt,headlights,and good

4、brakes.装置装置考察方式：主要考察逻辑关系（1）并列关系：同义词、近义词：信号词:or,like,asas,the same as练习：Is he intelligent or stupid?聪明的聪明的考察方式：主要考察逻辑关系（2）对比关系信号词：but,however,yet,otherwise,while,though,on the one hand.on the other hand.,for one thing.for another thing.,instead of,on the contrary,in contrast练习：Though Toms face has be

5、en washed quite clean,his neck still remains grubby.污秽的污秽的考察方式：主要考察逻辑关系（2）转折关系：信号词：whether.or.,unlike,but,yet,however,while,although,nevertheless,instead of,rather than,in contrast,on the contrary,练习：Unlike her gregarious sister,Alice is a shy,unsociable person who does not like to go parties to mak

6、e new friends.交际的交际的考察方式：主要考察逻辑关系（3）因果关系信号词:because,since,as,for,due to,so,therefore,sothat,suchthat,thus,result in,thus,as a result练习：The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.混浊的混浊的其次考察代词指代提问方式：What does the underlined word“this/it/them/that”refer to.?T

7、he underlined part“this/it/them/that”in paragraph.refers to.技巧：代词永远出现在原词之后，往前文找指代this/it/that指代上文提到的人或事情，them指代上文提到的人将找到的词放入文章中，看看是否通顺 In the mid-1990s，Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.He left after seven months，physically broken and having lost his mind.A few years later，stil

8、l attracted to the country，he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.His visit，however，ended up involving a lot more than that.What does the underlined word“that”in paragraph 2 refer to?A.Developing a serious mental disease.B.Taking a guided tour in Centra

9、l Asia.C.Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.D.Writing an article about the Aral Sea.D最后可能考察语法（1）标点符号：破折号,冒号,分号后面的内容;引号,括号中的内容作用：对猜测的词汇进行解释说明练习：You may borrow from the library any periodicals:News Weekly,Readers Digest,The New Yorkers.期刊期刊最后可能考察语法（2）定语从句,尤其是who和which引导的非限制性定语从句作用：对先行词进行解释说明It actua

10、lly scored a perfect 10 in our lab testing,which is almost unheard of.What does the underlined word“which”refer to?a perfect 10 in our lab testing最后可能考察语法（3）同位语和同位语从句标志：that后面，两个逗号之间作用：对名词进行解释说明Britain,a international and multicultural society,welcomes students from all over the world come here to f

11、urther their education.What does the underlined word“multicultural society”refer to?Britain0202主旨大意题主旨大意题题型：文章大意题提问方式：The main idea of the passage is The passage is mainly about What is the passage mainly about?Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?总结：题干中出现mai

12、n idea时候，一般为主旨大意题如何寻找主题句：特点：概括性（1）Today the problem of environment has become more and more serious.The world population is rising,so quickly that the world has become too crowded.We are using up our natural resources too quickly and at the same time we are polluting our environment with dangerous c

13、hemicals.主题句在文首：开头主题+论证性细节。文体：应用文 书信 说明文 科技文献 新闻报道如何寻找主题句：特点：概括性（2）Some people like reading,and some people like swimming.I have many hobbies,such as reading,skating,and traveling.In fact,different people have different hobbies.My friend Ann studies very hard.So her hobby is reading all kinds of boo

14、ks.Tony loves working withher hands,and his hobby is gardening.主题句在文中：例子/问题（铺垫）主题提出进一步解释说明 文体：说明文 科技文献 研究报告提示词归纳：转折关系的词-后：but,yet,however,in fact,actually,indeed,.总结性，结论性的词-后：in brief，in short,after all,all in all,to sum up,in conclusion,in a word,so,therefore 表研究成果的词-内容:show,indicate,suggest,accord

15、ing to.举例子的词-前:for example,for instance,take.as an example,.如何寻找主题句：特点：概括性（3）When you are poor,you can also say you are very happy,because you have something else that can t be bought with money.When you meet with difficulties,you can say loudly you are very happy,because you have more chances to ch

16、allenge yourself.So you should always say you are happy.主题句在文末：事实依据层层推理得出结论（主题）文体：广告类 哲理性故事总结：如何寻找主题句：常考三种结构：（1）总分：主题句在段首（2）分总：主题句在段尾（3）分总分：主题句在中间如何寻找主题句：特点：概括性（4）Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health.Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer.Besides the most serious and terrib

17、le disease(illness),cancer,cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems.For example,it can give one a“smokers cough”.Finally,studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds.Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer，cancer,smoking is harmful.Is it worth it?主题

18、句在首尾：主题进一步引申主题（5）Everyone can experience anger sometimes.But not everyone can control it properly.To some people,controlling anger seems like the hardest thing in the world to do.Control these by talking to yourself in your own mind,when you experience unwanted feeling.By talking it over in your own

19、 head you can work out how you will best deal with the situation.Anger control can also be achieved by communicating with others with honesty.You can effectively train yourself to respond to situations without getting annoyed about things.It is important to remember it is possible for everyone to ge

20、t angry and therefore,controlling it is the real challenge.高频词：围绕某个主题展开的-反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词反复强调的是重点，重点是考点文体：议论文技巧：（1）段落中出现表示转折的词语(如however,but,in fact,actually等)时，转折词后的句子很可能是主题句。（2）首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨。（3）作者有意识地重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。（4）表示总结或结论的句子常包含therefore,thus,in short,conclude

21、,conclusion等词语。Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years,but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going.When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers,small,tightly knit(联系)groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other.Some lan

22、guage experts believe that 10,000 years ago,when the world had just five to ten million people,they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.第一段：在狩猎的时代，语言的种类很多。Soon afterwards,many of those people started settling down to become farmers,and their languages too became more settled and fewer in num

23、ber.In recent centuries,trade,industrialisation,the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education,especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades,all have caused many languages to disappear,and dominant languages such as English,Spanish a

24、nd Chinese are increasingly taking over.第二段：随着人类的定居和社会的发展，语言的种类变得越来越少了。At present,the world has about 6,800 languages.The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven.The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages,often spoken by many people,while hot,wet zones have lots,often

25、 spoken by small numbers.Europe has only around 200 languages;the Americas about 1,000;Africa 2,400;and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200,of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800.The median number(中位数)of speakers is a mere 6,000,which means that half the worlds languages are spoke

26、n by fewer people than that.第三段：目前，全球大约有6800种语言，其分布极其不均匀。Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡),with only a few elderly speakers left.Pick,at random,Busuu in Cameroon(eight remaining speakers),Chiapaneco in Mexico(150),Lipan Apache in the United States(two

27、or three)or Wadjigu in Australia(one,with a question-mark):none of these seems to have much chance of survival.第四段：一些语言使用得很少，正面面临消亡威胁。第一段：在狩猎的时代，语言的种类很多。第二段：随着人类的定居和社会的发展，语言的种类变得越来越少了。第三段：目前，全球大约有6800种语言，其分布极其不均匀。第四段：一些语言使用得很少，正面面临消亡威胁。What is the main idea of the text?ANew languages will be created

28、.BPeoples lifestyles are reflected in languages.CHuman development results in fewer languages.DGeography determines language evolution.C题型：标题题提问方式：The best title for the passage might be Which of the following is the best title for this passage?总结：题干中出现best title时候，一般为标题题方法：反向推断法（撇开原文，将选项中的标题，自己构思看看

29、能写出什么文章，是否符合原文作者方式）What could be the best title for the passage?ACurious Minds Never Feel ContentedBReflections on Human NatureCThe Keys to AchievementDNever Too Late to Learn讲好奇心和不满足之间关系、原因讲好奇心和不满足之间关系、原因讲人性的好与坏讲人性的好与坏讲成功的途径和关键因素讲成功的途径和关键因素讲如何坚持学习讲如何坚持学习 After years of observing human nature,I have

30、 decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance:curiosity and discontent.I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either.And I have never known an average man who had both.The two belong together.第一段：两大因素会影响人类的成功与表现：好奇心与不满足。Toge

31、ther,these deep human urges(驱策力)count for much more than ambition.Galileo was not merely ambitious when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground.Like Galileo,all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent,“Why?Why?Wh

32、y？”第二段：人类深层的驱策力比雄心壮志更加重要。Fortunately,curiosity and discontent dont have to be learned.We are born with them and need only recapture them.第三段：好奇心和不满足感与身俱来。“The great man，”said Mencius(孟子),“is he who does not lose his childs heart.”Yet most of us do lose it.We stop asking questions.We stop challenging

33、 custom.We just follow the crowd.And the crowd desires only the calm and restful average.It encourages us to occupy our own little corner,to avoid foolish leaps into the dark,to be satisfied.第四段：伟人并无失去童心。Most of us meet new people,and new ideas,with hesitation.But once having met and liked them,we t

34、hink how terrible it would have been,had we missed the chance.We will probably have to force ourselves to waken our curiosity and discontent and keep them awake.第五段：我们需要强迫自己激发好奇心和不满足感来让他们清醒。How should you start?Modestly,so as not to become discouraged.I think of one friend who couldnt arrange flower

35、s to satisfy herself.She was curious about how the experts did it.Now she is one of the experts,writing books on flower arrangement.第六段：谦虚是一种方式。One way to begin is to answer your own excuses.You havent any special ability?Most people dont;there are only a few geniuses.You havent any time?Thats good,

36、because its always the people with no time who get things done.Harriet Stowe,mother of six,wrote parts of Uncle Toms Cabin while cooking.Youre too old?Remember that Thomas Costain was 57 when he published his first novel,and that Grandma Moses showed her first pictures when she was 78.第七段：回答自己借口是开始的

37、其中一种方式。However you start,remember there is no better time to start than right now,for youll never be more alive than you are at this moment.第八段：没有什么比现在开始更好。第一段：两大因素会影响人类的成功与表现：好奇心与不满足。第二段：人类深层的驱策力比雄心壮志更加重要。第三段：好奇心和不满足感与身俱来。第四段：伟人并无失去童心。第五段：我们需要强迫自己激发好奇心和不满足感来让他们清醒。第六段：谦虚是一种方式。第七段：回答自己借口是开始的其中一种方式。第八

38、段：没有什么比现在开始更好。What could be the best title for the passage?ACurious Minds Never Feel ContentedBReflections on Human NatureCThe Keys to AchievementDNever Too Late to LearnC题型：写作意图题提问方式：The passage is meant to The purpose of this article is to The author intends to.总结：题干中出现be to时候，一般为写作意图题选项特征：一般为动词短语

39、方法：文体推断法：记叙文-tell a story or lessen;entertain readers;share an experience;show sth说明文、新闻-inform;introduce议论文-argue;persuade;应用文-provide some information or advice广告-advertise;attract readersWhat is the authors purpose in writing the text?ATo bring back his Christmas memories.BTo show his great love

40、of holidays.CTo share his family traditions.DTo introduce Jewish customs.记叙文tell a story or lessen;entertain readers;share an experience;show sth前两段作者叙述了自己对圣诞节的回忆第三段介绍了女儿及家人对圣诞节的回忆。A0303推理判断题推理判断题提问方式：It can be inferred from the text that.From the text we know that.is most likely.When the writer tal

41、ks about,what the writer really means is.The writer suggests that.The story implies/indicates that.We can infer/conclude from the passage that.总结：题干中出现infer（推断）、indicate（象征，暗示）、imply（暗示）、suggest（表明）、conclude（得出结论）、assume（假定，设想）时候，一般为推理判断题方法：（1）立足原文，只推一步（2）绝对选项一般错误，常见绝对化词：only,never,all,absolutely（选项

42、特征）相对保守词：often,sometimes,some,may,might,can,could,possibly,probably（3）原文内容重复不选干扰选项特征：（1）过度推断：原文“路见不平”，选项“路见不平，拔刀相助”（2）以偏概全（3）事实复述练习：Todays figures,according to one government official,show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities(设施)and healt

43、hier eating in schools.Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance,and the industry is playing its part.What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy?AIt is a short-sighted decision.BIt is a success story.CIt benefits manufacturers.DIt upsets customers.B