初中动词不定式专题讲解及练习(DOC 16页).doc

1、语法：动词不定式动词不定动式是一种非谓语动词形式，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语，但可以作除谓语之外的其它任何句子成分（主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语）；动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，同时还保持动词的某些特点，既可以有自己的宾语和状语，动词不定式和它的宾语和状语构成不定式短语。一、 构成：to do .否定式 not to do二、 常见时态：一般时 to do 进行时 to be doing 完成式 to have done完成进行式 to have been doing三、动词不定式在句子中的成分1、作句子的主语：现实中常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语动词不

2、定式（或短语）后置。比较下列句子To learn from your friends is important.=It is important to learn from your friends . To leave without saying goodbye is impolite.= It is impolite to leave without saying goodbye. To chat with Miss White is a pleasant thing.=It is a pleasant thing to chat with Miss White. To walk to

3、school takes me ten minutes.=It takes me ten minutes to walk to school.句型总结l It is + adj. + of sb. to do= sb. isare +adj. +to do在以某些表示人的品质、特征等的形容词（如kind、good、nice、wrong、clever、right等）作表语时，不定式之前常加一个引起的短语，说明不定式指的是谁的情况（可以理解为某人的好，坏，聪明，愚蠢，对，错等等）。It is very kind of you to help me. Its not polite of him to

4、 speak to old people like that.l It is + adj. + for sb. to do sb. isare +adj. +to do如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的，则在不定式前加一个for引起的短语，即不定式的逻辑主语。It is necessary for us to study hard. It is easy for him to speak English.动词不定式作主语练习1. Its our duty _ the room every day. A. to clean B. cleaned C. clean D. cleans(甘肃省)2.

5、 Its hard for us _ English well.A. learn B. learns C. to learn D. learning(江西省)3.建造这座立交桥将花费工人们一年多的时间。 It will _the workers over a year _ _the flyover.(北京市海淀区)4. Its very nice _you to get me two tickets _ the World Cup. A. for， of B. of， for C. to， for D. of， to(安徽省)KEYS: 1. A 2.C 3. take, to build 4

6、. B2、作句子的表语：不定式放在be 动词后面，用作表语如：Her dream is to be a policeman. My job is to help the patient. Your task is to clean the classroom. My dream is to own a robot.The doctors suggestion is to take more exercise.The best way is to talk to your parents.His plan is to travel to Beijing this summer.My purpos

7、e is to help you solve this problem.3、作句子的宾语：不定式放在及物动词后，用作宾语。能跟不定式作宾语的动词（及物）很多，常见的有want, like, hate, wish, hope, prefer, try, ask, start, begin, decide, learn, choose, agree, expect, remember, forget, plan, decide, would like, need, choose, agree, promise, refuse, set out, manage, pretend,I want to

8、go home.The workers demanded to get better pay.They began to read and write.She forgot to close the door.He wanted to borrow my CD player.I hope to speak English well.The workers demanded to get better pay.I hope to hear from you soon.John doesnt want to be the host of the charity show.They are tryi

9、ng to solve the problem by himself.Millions of people have learned to use computers.有些动词既可跟不定式作宾语，也可跟动名词作宾语，但含义不同： forget to do sth.忘记要做某事 forget doing sth.忘记曾经做过某事 stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事 stop doing sth.停止做某事 go on to do sth.继续做另一件事 go on doing sth.继续做原来在做的事 need to do sth.需要做某事 need doing sth. 需要被

10、做Dont forge to turn off the lights before leaving.Father must stop smoking.This bike needs repairing/mending.注意1：动词不定式作宾语时如带有宾语补足语，则要把不定式放在后面，用it作形式主语，构成“主语+动词+it+宾补（形容词、名词）+不定式”结构I found it necessary to talk to him again.I found it important to learn English.I fond it difficult to learn physics.注意2

11、：常用带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有want, ask, tell, order, get, wish, allow, invite, teach, encourage, beg, 等。构成“vt,+sb.+(not)to do sth.”结构。The teacher told us to read the text.He asked me not to tell you the news.His parents didnt allow him to play.I expect you to give me some help.Mr.Lu asks ue to hand in our

12、homework on time.The docter advised Mr. Green to drink more water.Mr. Wu tells the students not to shout in class.Mrs. Read whishes her son to learn English well.注意3：不定式作宾补省去 to 的情况(在被动语态中则to 不能省掉)常用省去to的动词不定式作补足语的动词有：一感（feel）、二听（hear, listen to）、三让（make, let, have）、四看（look at, see, watch, notice, o

13、bserve）、半帮助help（可带to，也可不带to help sb (to) do sth）I made him to do his work. .-make sb.do sth.Please listen to me to sing this song again.-listen to sb.do sth.I felt someone to open my door.-feel sb.do sth.The boss made the girl to work ten hour a day.-make sb.do sth.You must watch me to do everything

14、-watch sb.do sth.Internet bars mustnt let anybody watch bad things, especially children.-let sb.do sth.He often helps (to) clean the room.Mr. Zhang always helps us (to) learn English.被动语to要加上He was made to do his work (by me)They are made to work for 12 hours a day.He was heard to speak in the next

15、room. John was made to wash the car for a week as a punishment. The patient was warned not to eat food after the operation.Internet bars mustnt let anybody watch bad things, especially children.动词不定式作宾语练习1. He wants _ some vegetables.A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. buys (山西省)2. Dont forget _ your home

16、work with you when you come to school. A. to bring B. bringing C. to take D. taking (福建省)3. He found it very difficult _A. sleeping B. sleeps C. slept D. to fall asleep (湖南省)4. Robert often asks us _ his Chinese, so his Chinese is much better than before.A. help him B. to help him with C. to help wi

17、th D. helps him with (江苏省)5. Mr Li often teaches his Japanese friends _ Chinese food. A. cook B. cooks C. to cook D. cooked (甘肃省)6. We saw him _the building and go upstairs.A. to enter B. enter C. entering D. entered (河南省)7. So much work usually makes them _very tired.A. to feel B. feels C. feeling

18、D. feel 8. Your father is sleeping. Youd better _.A. not wake up him B. not to wake up himC. not wake him up D. not to wake him up (陕西省)9. I was made _ my homework in the afternoon.A. do B. doing C. to do D. didKeys： 1. C 2. A 3. D 4.B 5. C 6. B 7. D 8. C 9. C4、作句子的定语：不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面作后置定语。如果不定式中的

19、动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词.I want to get something to read during the holiday.We have a lot work to do .She is the first person to think of the idea.I have something interesting to tell you.He is looking for a room to live in .-live是不及物动词There is nothing for us to worry about.-worry是不及物动词Mr Wu is always the

20、 first to come and the last to leave. There is no need to trouble him. 没有必要去烦他Have you got anything important to tell me? 重要的事情去告诉我Ive got nothing to worry about. 没有什么去担心Im thirsty. Give me something to drink.给我些东西去喝Spring is the best season to plant trees. 春季是最好的季节去种树We all have a chance to go to c

21、ollege. 我们都有机会去上大学动词不定式作定语练习1. Would you like something _?A. drink B. drinking C. to drink D. drinks (湖北省)2. I have a lot of homework _.A. do B. doing C. did D. to do (河南省)3. He is not an easy man _.A. get on B. to get on C. get on with D. to get on with (山东省)5、作句子的状语：动词不定式位于不及物动词之后作状语，可作目的、结果、原因状语。

22、come to do sth.go to do sth.stop to do sth.in order (not) to do too + adj. + to do sth.adj.adv. + enough to do sthso as to ,enough to ,only to , She came here to borrow an English book.（目的）Lets stop to have a rest.She is too young to go to school.（结果）He runs fast enough to catch a horse.Im sorry to

23、make you wait here so long.（原因）We are surprised to see such beautiful animals.In order to improve his English, Tom goes to the English corner every day.I was too tired to fall sleep.She ran fast to catch the first bus.He is rich enough to buy a car.A group of young people got together to discuss thi

24、s question. 目的In order to help him, we would do everything we can.(目的)Im too tired to do well. 结果He is old enough to go to school . 结果动词不定式做状语练习1. She went _ her teacher.A. to see B. looks C. saw D. seeing (江西省)2. Meimei likes English very much. She does her best _ English well. A. learn B. learning

25、 C. to learn D. learns (四川省)3. Im sorry _ that.A. hears B. hearing C. hear D. to hear (河北省)4. Im sorry _ you.A. trouble B. to trouble C. troubling D. troubled (吉林省)5. My mother was very glad _her old friend.A. to meet B. meet C. met D. meets 6. The panda is so fat that it cant go through the hole.(改

26、为意思相同的句子)The hole _ _ _ _ such a fat panda to go through. (广东省)7. The ice on the lake was so thin that people couldnt skate on it. (改为意思相同的句子)The ice on the lake wasnt _ enough _ people _ _ _. (广东省)KEYS： 1. A 2. C 3. D 4. B 5. A 6. is， too， small， for 7. thick， for， to， skate， on六、带疑问词的不定式短语动词不定式前面可

27、以带疑问代词what, which, who或疑问副词how, when, where, why等。这种结构起名词的作用，在句子里用作宾语、主语、表语等，或者单独使用。要注意的是，why后面的不定式不带to。例如：I dont know what to try next. （作宾语） Where to go is not decided yet.（作主语）注意：单独使用时相当于一个特殊疑问句。 What to do next?(=What will we / you do next?) Why go there?(=Why do we / you go there?)在与why连用时，只用于w

28、hy或why not开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to。 Why not have a rest?How to do it is a problem.(=How we should do it.)I really dont know what to write about.(=what I should write about)The trouble is where to put the machine.(=where we should put the machine)I asked him how to learn English well.(=how I could le

29、arn English well) He didnt know what to say. How to solve the problem is very important.My question is when to start.Please show us how to use the computer.I dont know what to buy for you.动词不定式专项练习：一、填空1.你父亲愿意去购物吗？ 不，他宁可在家听音乐。 Does your father want to go shopping?No，he at home.2.他们觉得有必要帮助残疾人。 They f

30、ound the disabled.3.奥黛丽.赫本大部分时间致力于电影事业。 Audrey Hepburn the film industry.4.叫孩子们不要轻视穷人。 Tell the poor.5He . (宁愿呆在家里也不愿去看电影) 6Father (习惯于看报)after supper.7 . If someone laughs at you, you should .(不理睬)KEYS:1, prefers to would rather listen to music2, it (was) necessary to help3, devoted most of her tim

31、e to4, children not to look down on 5，prefers staying at home to going to the cinema6，is used to reading newspapers ,7，pay no attention to him二，选择1. My teacher was made _ his teaching because of poor health.A. giving up B. to give up C. give up D. given up2.The sentence wants _ once more.A. explaine

32、d B. to explain C. being explained D. explaining3.The Arctic is considered _ the northern part of the Atlantic.A. having been B. to have been C. to be D. being4.The Emperor ordered the wonderful cloth_ for him without delay.A. to have woven B. to be wovenC. to be weaving D. to weave5.I found the Ger

33、man language hard _.A. learned B. learning C. to be learned D. to learn6.The light in the office is still on. - Oh, I forgot _.A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off7.-How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? -The key _ the prob

34、lem is to meet the demand _ by the customers.A. to solving, making B. to solving, made C. to solve, making D. to solve, made8. -What do you think of the school? -It is a very good _.A. school to study in B. school for children to studyC. studying school D. school to study9. -Did you get a job? - No,

35、 I _ , but its no use.A. expected B. tried to C. managed to D. planned10.We find it impossible for the work _ahead of time.A. to finish B. finishing C. being finished D. to be finished11.-I usually go to Shanghai by train. -Why not _ there by boat for a change?A. to try to go B. try going C. to try

36、going D. try to go 12._ a living, she had to work from morning till night.A. To make B. MadeC. Making D. To have made13. I would rather starve to death than _for food.A. beg B. begging C. begged D. to beg14.The boy pretended _ when his mother entered.A. reading B. to read C. to be reading D. being r

37、eadKEYS: 1-5BDCBD 6-10CBABD 11-14BAAC三、选择1. Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in.A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying2. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult.A. not make B. not to make C. not ma

38、king D. dont make3. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job.A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects4. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it.A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. see5. It is said in

39、 Australia there is more land than the government knows _.A. it what to do with B. what to do with it C. what to do it with D. to do what with it6. The mother didnt know _ to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.A. who B. when C. how D. why 7. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He

40、 always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning8. We agreed _ here but so far she hasnt turned up yet. A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met9. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to10.

41、 The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation. A. to eat not B.eating not C. not to eat D.not eating11. I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone12. Charles Babbage is generally considered _the

42、first computer. A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented13. Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening. A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking14. _ late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm. A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having sleep15. The teacher asked us _ so much noise. A. dont make B. not make C. not making D. not to makeKEYS: 1-5ABBBB 6-10ABCAC 11-15BCAAD四填空1. Peter was_(make) outside.2. He _