初中英语专项练习介词和连词(DOC 11页).doc

1、课 题介词和连词教学目标1.常用介词及其词组的主要用法和意义；2.常用的从属连词的基本用法 重点、难点1. 常用动词、形容词与介词、副词的固定搭配及其意义。2.并列连词and, but, or, so等的主要用法；考点及考试要求熟悉掌握不同介词、连词的区别和用法.教学内容【名师点睛】一.介词:介词是一种虚词，用来表示名词或相当于名词的其它词语句中其它词的关系，不能单独使用。介词可与名词或相当于名词的其它词构成介词短语。介词短语可在句中作定语，状语，表语和宾语补足语。例如：The boy over there is Johns brother. (定语)The girl will be back

2、 in two hours. (状语)Our English teacher is from Australia. (表语)Help yourself to some fish. (宾语补足语)1. 常用介词的用法辨析1， 表示时间的介词(1) at, on, in1 表示时间“点”用at.例如：The meeting began at half past seven. 会议七点半开始。 有时表示不确定的时间和短假期日的名词之前也可用at.例如： Most people were hungry at that time. 那时候大部分人都在挨饿。 Some people in cities h

3、ave a trip in the countryside at weekends.周末，城里的一些人到乡下旅游。2 表示时间“段”用on 或 in.一般说来，“在某一天”用on;指长于一天的时间段（年，月等）用in. 例如：The woman often does some washing on Saturdays. 那个女人常在星期六洗衣服。The farmers are very busy in autumn. 农民在秋季特别忙。3 表示某天的 morning, afternoon, evening 时用 on. 如果在 morning, afternoon, evening 之前有形容

4、词也用on. 例如：It happened on the morning of May 31st,2006.(2) during, for, since1 during 连接表示某一段特定时间的词。例如：what are you going to do during the summer holiday? 暑假你打算干什么？He was quite free during the week. 那一周他很清闲。2 for 连接表示不特定的一段时间的词。例如：Ive already waited for you for forty minutes. 我已经等了你40分钟了。3 since 后面接时

5、间的起点，其终点往往是现在，常与完成时连用。例如：she has been in hospital since last Wednesday. 从上周三起她就住院了。 （3）after, in 这两个介词都表示时间，意为“在什么之后”。他们的区别是：after 以过去为起点，表示过去的一段时间之后，通常用于过去时态；in 以现在为起点，表示将来的一段时间之后，通常用于将来时态。例如： The girl finished the work after three hours. 三个小时后，那个姑娘完成了工作。 I will return the book to you in two days.两

6、天后我把书还给你。 (4) since, after由since和after 引导的词组都可表示从过去某一点开始的时段，但since词组表示的时段一直延续到说话的时刻，因而往往要与现在完成时连用。而after词组所表示的时段纯系过去，因而要与一般过去时连用。例如：I havent heard from him since last summer.After five days the boy came back. （5）till/untill 表示“ 直到 为止”的意思。用于肯定句表示“一直做某事到某时”； 用于否定句表示“直到某时才做某事”。两者用法基本一样，可以相互替代。放在句首一般用un

7、till. 例如： He did his homework till midnight. 他做家庭作业一直到午夜。 He didnt do his homework till midnight. 他一直到午夜才做家庭作业。2.表示地点，位置的介词（1） in, on, to ,at 这四个介词都表示地理位置的关系。1 in 表示在某一范围内。例如：They are all in the classroom. 他们全在教室里。2 on 表示在某个物体上或表示两个不同的个体相邻或接壤。例如：Your clothes are on the floor. 你的衣服在地板上。America stands

8、 on Canada. 美国和加拿大接壤。3 to 表示两个个体之间有一段距离或隔海相望。例如：Yantai lies to Dalian. 烟台和大连相对。They are standing face to face, being silent. 他们面对面站着，沉默不语。4 at 表示在小而狭窄的场合或街道的门牌号数。例如：A car stopped at the school gate. We found him at 56 Xinjian Road.（2） above, over, on 都表示一个物体高于另一个物体，可翻译为“在。上面”。1 on 指两个物体表面接触，一个在另一个的上

9、面.例如：Dont put your feet on the chair.2 above 表示位置高于某物，在其上方，但不是正上方，它的反义词是 below.例如：A bird is flying above the tree. 一只鸟在树的上方飞翔。 3 over 表示在正上方，指垂直方向，她的反义词是under.例如： They will build a bridge over the river. 他们要在河上修一座桥。（3） between ,among1 between 一般指两人或两物之间。例如：We have a farm between the hill and the riv

10、er. 我们在小山和河之间有一个农场。2 among 指三个或三个以上的人或物之间，其宾语是名词或代词。 例如：There is a thief among the passengers. 在乘客当中有一个小偷。（4） across , through1 across 指从一边到另一边，“横过或越过物体的表面”。例如：Be careful when youre walking across the street. 你过马路时要当心。2 through 意为“ 穿过或通过”空间。 例如：It is difficult for us to go through the thick forest.

11、我们很难穿过茂密的森林。 (5) in front of, in the front ofin front of 表示“在某人或某物的前面”，在某个范围以外；in the front of 表示“在的前部”，在某个范围以内。例如：There are some tall trees in front of the building.The teacher is sitting in the front of the classroom.2.表示方式的介词 ：by, with , in (1) by 表示“ 以 方式，方法或手段”和“乘坐某种交通工具”。例如：He goes to school b

12、y bike every day. 他每天骑自行车上学 。He makes a living by teaching. 他一教书谋生。 （2）with 指借助于某种具体的手段或工具。例如： I dont believe it if I dont see it with my own eyes. 如果不是我亲眼所见我是不会相信的。 The man often beats his son with a stick.那个人常用棍子打他的儿子。 （3）in 表示“ 以 方式，用 语言，文字等媒介”. 例如： Please answer my questions in English. 请用英语回答我的

13、问题。2， 表示“除去”的介词 except, besides, but(1) except 通常跟名词，代词，介词短语或从句，作“除了 以外不再有”或“不把 包括在内”讲，即在整体中除去一部分，有时用于all , none 等词的后面。例如：Everyone is here except Mr. King and his wife.除了金先生和他的妻子外，人都到齐了。The boy is afraid of nobody except his father.除了他父亲以外他谁都不怕。（2）but 多和nobody, nothing, who, no, one, one, everyone,

14、all 等连用，与 except意思相近，意为“ 除了 以外”，后面跟名词或代词。 例如： He hate all his subjects but P . E . 除了体育，他任何学科都不喜欢。 Nobody but his wife can get on well with him.除了他的妻子，没有人能和他处好。（3） besides 意为“ 除了 以外还有”。例如： Besides Mike, Jim and I went to see him. 除了迈克，我和吉姆也去看他了。 We bought some hamburgers, besides potato chips. 除了炸土豆

15、条外，我们还买了一些汉堡包2.介词的固定搭配 介词往往同其他词类形成了固定搭配关系。记住这种固定搭配关系，才能正确使用介词。（1）介词与动词的搭配listen to , laugh at, get to, look for wait for, hear from, turn on, turn off, worry about, think of, look after, spendon, 等。（2）介词与名词的搭配on time, in time, by bus, on foot, with pleasure, on ones way to, in trouble, at breakfast,

16、 at the end of, in the end等。（3）介词与形容词的搭配be late for, be afraid of, be good at, be interested in, be angry with, be full of, be sorry for等。 基础练习一、用适当的介词填空：1. Youd better not go _ the forest. Its dangerous.2. Which room are you going to live _?3. The building is _ fire. There are some people _ the top

17、 floor.4. Before 2000 there was no airline _ the two cities.5. Its not good to come late _ school.6. Whats wrong _ your bike?7. Thank you very much _ coming to see me.8. I couldnt finish it _ your help.9. Dont laugh _ others mistakes.10. Do the twins look _ their father?11.How do you usually come to

18、 school every day? -Sometimes _ bike, sometimes _ foot.12. Its very kind _ you to help me _ my math.13. Dont read _ the sun. Its bad _ your eyes.14. The teacher told us the moon travels _ the earth.15. You must learn these words _ heart, and answer my questions _ English.16. Please meet your uncle _

19、 noon _ Saturday.17. Thanks _ your help. I finished the work before dark.18. Its cold and the temperature is _ zero during the night.19. The teacher is writing _ red ink _ a piece of paper.20. The children are waiting _ the gate _ their mother.二、单项选择题。( ) 1. There are two classes _ Wednesday afterno

20、on. A. at B. in C. on D. to( ) 2. This programme was sent to the USA _ China _ satellite. A. in; of B. of; in C. from; by D. by; from( ) 3.The visitors _ Japan arrived _ Beijing Station last Tuesday morning. A. from; at B. of; to C. from; to D. of; on( ) 4. Here are some presents _ you _ our best wi

21、shes. A. to; with B. for; with C. of; about D. for; for( ) 5. Lily asked her brother, Mike, not to be angry _ her. A. in B. to C. with D. for( ) 6. Is everyone here good _ dancing? A. at B. on C. to D. for( ) 7. They arrived _ Guangzhou _ the morning of May 25. A. at; in B. in; in C. in; on D. at; d

22、uring( ) 8. Children are often told not to play _ fire. A. on B. for C. with D. under( ) 9. No one can stop her _ going away. A. of B. from C. to D. out of( ) 10. The eraser goes _ one student _ another. A. from; for B. from; till C. from; after D. from; to( ) 11.Youll get a nice present _ your pare

23、nts _ your birthday. A. from; on B. for; at C. from; in D. of; during( ) 12.Lets wait _ her _ the corner of the street. A. on; on B. for; in C. at; at D. for; at( ) 13.Look! The two men are _ trouble. They are calling _ help. A. with; for B. in; for C. under; at D. into; out( ) 14.The boy filled the

24、 bottle _ some milk. Now its full _ milk.A. with; with B. of; with C. with; of D. off; without( ) 15.Mother always talks _ her friends _ the phone _ weekend. A. with; on; at B. to; with; onC. about; on; through D. of; by; at( ) 16.When did he lend the dictionary _ you? -I borrowed it _ him the day b

25、efore yesterday. A. from; to B. to; by C. to; from D. on; out of( ) 17.Uncle Wang lives _ a farm, but he works _ a factory. A. in; in B. to; in C. in; at D. on; in( ) 18.She came up to me, _ a smile _ her face. A. with; in B. like; on C. with; on D. without; at( ) 19.He wanted to ask _ some books _

26、music.A. for; in B. about; ofC. for; on D. about; about( ) 20.The bridge _ the river is made _ big stone. A. on; from B. over; ofC. above; in D. of; into拓展练习( )1.How are you going to the Summer Palace? Were going there bike.A. for B. at C. of D. by ( ) 2.Many sportsmen are getting ready the 2008 Bei

27、jing Olympic Games.A. to B. with C. for D. on ( ) 3. He stayed _ his uncles _ a week. A. in; for B. with; till C. at; for D. for; about( ) 4. I cant swim _ the river _ a piece of wood.A. across; without B. through; withC. over; on D. in; by( ) 5. The desk _ the teacher is _ the classroom. A. of; in

28、front B. to; in front of C. at; before D. for; in the front of( ) 6. John cut the pear _ four pieces _ a knife. A. in; by B. into; with C. with; by D. to; in( ) 7. The other day I met a friend _ my way to school.A. of me on B. of my on C. in D. of mine on( ) 8. Its easy _ us to finish the work _ tim

29、e.A. for; on B. of; in C. for; before D. of; at( ) 9. We, League members, should be strict _ ourselves _ our work.A. in; in B. with; with C. with; in D. in; with( ) 10. Lin Tao answered all the questions _ the last one _ usual. A. except; as B. beside; as C. except; on D. but; in( ) 11. _ Christmas

30、Eve, children all over Britain put a stocking _ the end of their beds before they go to sleep. A. At; by B. During; in C. On; at D. In; before( ) 12. Is the girl _ red _ duty today? A. with; on B. on; for C. of; at D. in; on( ) 13. _ a few years time, it will be covered _ many thousands of trees. A.

31、 In; with B. After; by C. In; on D. After; over( ) 14. English is spoken _ a first language _ most people in the USA. A. by; as B. as; by C. for; of D. like; in( ) 15. My father returned at 10 oclock _ of June 15.A. in the night B. by the nightC. on the night D. at night( ) 16. Whats the difference

32、_ a sheep and a goat? A. from B. to C. between D. among( ) 17. Thank you very much _ lending the eraser _ me. A. for; at B. to; to C. for; to D. to; for( ) 18. Since you are _ trouble, why not ask _ help? A. in; for B. in; to C. with; for D. with; to( ) 19. His father has been _ Australia _ 2003. A.

33、 to; in B. in; since C. to; from D. in; from( ) 20. Mr. Black was angry _ Jim _ laughing _ him. A. at; for; to B. for; with; on C.with;for;with D. with; for; at 直击中考1. Peter usually gets up early _ the morning. A on B in C at D of2, You must ride your bike _ the right side of the road. A at B on C i

34、n D for3, _ May 27th, 2008, millions of people watched the Beijing Olympic Torch Relay in Nanjing. A On B In C At D For4, We will never forget what happened_the afternoon of May 12, 2008. A in B by C at D on5, Mr. Smith lives _ that building. His house is _ the fifth floor. A in ,on B of, to C on, i

35、n D to, at6, A study shows that a tropical fish in America can survive _ water for up to 66 hours. A beyond B in C out of D form7, I go to school _ 8 oclock in the morning. A at B in C on D for8, Its rather cold in most of south China _ in spring. A on time B at a time C at times D all the time 9, T

36、he plane will take off _ an hour. Please check in right now. A at B in C on D to10, Our English teacher was standing _ us so that she could hear us all clearly. A away from B far behind C between D among11. I hear that he will be back _ two weeks time. A at B in C after D for 12, You can improve you

37、r English _ reading more. A in B with C by D of 13. New York and Washington D.C. are good places to visit _ May or October. A form B at C in D on 14, History was made _ October 24th, 2007 when Change I went to space. A at B in C of D on 15, - How long has the nationwide ban on plastic bags been put

38、into practice? - _ the beginning of June. A Behind B Since C Among D At 16, - Look at my new bike. My mum bought it for me _ June 1, Childrens day. -Wow, how nice. A, on B by C at D in 17. -When will Mr. Blank come to Beijing? - _ September 5. A on B to C at D in 18. We often have P. E. classes _ th

39、e afternoon. A at B in C of D on 19. There were lots of people _ the bus on my way back home yesterday. A on B at C by D for 20. Mr. Smith came to China _ 1986. He has lived here for more than 20 years. A on B but C or D in二.连词:用来连接词，短语，从句或句子的词叫连词。连词是一种虚词，在句中不能单独使用。连词可分为两类：并列连词和从属连词。1. 并列连词并列连词用来连接具

40、有并列关系的词，短语或句子。常见的并列连词有：(1)表并列关系的and, bothand, not onlybut also, neithernor等。(2)表选择关系的or, eitheror等。(3)表转折关系的but, while等。(4)表因果关系的for, so等。2. 从属连词从属连词用来引导从句。常见的从属连词有：(1)引导时间状语从句的after, before, when, while, as, until, till, since, as soon as等。(2)引导条件状语从句的if, unless等。(3)引导原因状语从句的because, as, since等。(4)

41、引导目的状语从句的so that, in order that等。(5)引导让步状语从句的though, although, even if等。(6)引导结果状语从句的so that, sothat, suchthat等。(7)引导比较状语从句的than, asas等。(8)引导名词从句的that, if , whether等。3. 常用连词的用法辨析（1） while, when, as这三个连词都可引导时间状语从句，但用法有所不同。1) 当某事正在进行的时候，又发生了另一件事。While, when, as 都可用来引导表示“背景”的时间状语从句。例如：As/When/While I was walking down the street I noticed a police car.2) 当两个长动作同时进行的时候，最常用的是while。例如：While mother was cooking lunch, I was doing my hom