牛津版英语初一语法总结及练习(DOC 23页).doc

1、牛津版英语初一语法总结及练习、必考题型介绍1. 语法总结及练习2. 必考题型介绍相关语法一、语法聚焦1. 用be going to 描写不久将发生的事情。例：We”re going go have a lot of delicious food. 我们将吃许多美味食品。2. 用情态动词提出礼貌的请求。例：May I speak to _, please? 我可以和讲话吗？3. 用need to 表示需要。例：She needs to buy some她需要买一些4. 用固定表达表示喜好。例： I”d rather have more snacks. 我宁愿再吃一些小吃。5. 用副词表示时间顺序

2、和过程。例：Firstly, /Secondly,/Thirdly, 第一，/第二，/第三，二、1. 介词 under 在下 under a dripping tap for 为 wait for sb+一段时间 for three daysby 以某种方式 by bus by fixing dripping tapwithout 不带 a book without pictures2. 连词if 的用法（1）if 表示如果,引起条件状语从句。（2）if 引起的从句如果是一般现在时，那么主句会是将来时，祈使句或含情态动词。eg: If there is no rain ,there will

3、be no water to drink.Don”t watch too much television if something is wrong with your eyes.If he comes, you can go.3. 祈使句（1）表示命令或请求。 Come here.（2）祈使句中动词用原形。Let”s go .（3）分类 Don” run downstairs.Let”s go to school by bus.Give me an apple ,please.三、1. When的用法（1）用作特殊疑问词，对时间段或点进行提问（什么时候）在对时间点提问时与what time可

4、以替换：We get to school at six.When(What time) do you get to school?（2）连词when 当时主句是情态动词，从句用一般现在时。What can we see when there is a typhoon?When作连词接一般过去时从句They were talking when the teacher came in.与While they were talking, the teacher came in.（3）方式副词的用法1. 构成 adj+lytighttightly紧紧地 slight slightly轻轻地quickq

5、uickly迅速地 fiercefiercely猛烈地immediateimmediately立刻 lightlightly 轻轻地 happyhappily高兴地 gentlegently轻柔地用法：用于修饰动词，放在行为动词后。eg: They flew their kite happily in the gentle breeze.The leaves blew slightly in the wind.四、1. 情态动词can may must的用法can may must +动词原形can 表示能力，能够做may 表示可能或可以must则表示必须，与have to 可替换，但must

6、强调主观推测must be 表示推测2. 介词in on at outside的用法3. There引导的there be句型（1）there be 句型 there is +单数名词/不可数名词there are +复数可数名词（2）There be 句型中be有就近一致的用法There is a pen and two rulers.There are two rulers and a pen.（3）There be 句型表示某地存在某物（4）There be 与have的区别， There be 强词某地有某物，而have强调所属，但有时可替换。There are five floors

7、 in the building.=The building has five floors.五、被动语态：意义：当谓语表示一个动作，主语和它可以有两种不同关系，即主动关系和被动关系，表示被动关系时叫被动语态。特点：动作执行者在被动语态中可以由介词by引导。eg：History is made by people.构成：be+动词的过去分词eg:It is made of wood. 一般现在时的被动语态is /are +过去分词eg:They are respected(尊重)by everybody in the country.一般将来时的被动语态will be +动词过去分词It wi

8、ll be finished next week.一般过去时的被动语态was /were +过去分词It was built by Early men.主动语态变被动语态（1）原句中主语变为宾语，原句宾语变主语，变后的宾语由by引导（2）注意时态,选择be的适当形式（3）原句中动词变为过去分词例： LuXun wrote this book in 1919.This book was written by LuXun in 1919.六、时态：一般现在时与一般过去时一般现在时一般过去时定义表示经常习惯的动作表示过去经常习惯的动作构成主+动原（或单三）+其它主+过去式+其他标志词（1）every

9、（2）on Sunday(1)last(2)yesterday(3) ago否定句主+don”t /doesn”t+动原+其他主+didn”t+动原形+其他一般疑问句Does/Do+主+动原+其他Did+主+动原+其他注：动词过去式的构成规则变化：1. 动词后直接+ed �walk�walked2. 以e结尾+d �close�closed3. 双写词尾+ed �stop �stopped4. 以辅音加y结尾� y变i+ed carry�carried常见的不规则变化iswas catchcaughtarewere drivedrovegowen

10、t taketookdodid findfound七、1. 介词 next to 紧挨着opposite 在对面near在附近betweenand 在与之间2. 提建议的几种方法（1）Shall we put the table next to the window?（2）What about putting it over there?（3）Would you like to put it over there?（4）Let”s put it opposite the sofa.（5）You”d better put it opposite the sofa.八、1. 一般疑问句分类：（1）

11、含有be动词的一般疑问句变法，be 动词提至主语前。例：He is a teacher. Is he a teacher?(2)含有情态动词的一般疑问句变法，情态动词提至主语前。例：He can swim. Can he swim?(3)含有行为动词的一般疑问句变法，在主语前加Does/Do /Did，动词变回原形。例：He watches TV every day.Does he watch TV every day？They go to school by bus.Do they go to school by bus？They went to the beach yesterday.Di

12、d they go to the beach yesterday？2. 特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+一般疑问句常见的特殊疑问词how long多久 what什么how far多远 where哪里how much多少 who谁how many 多少 whose谁的how soon 多久以后 which哪一个(how)如何 when 什么时候what colour 什么颜色 what time几点3. 现在进行时构成：主+be +动词ingHe is swimming.句型转换：肯定句He is singing.否定句 He isn”t singing.一般疑问句 Is he singing?提问：Wh

13、at is he doing?动词ing的变法 直接词尾+ing sing singing以e结尾去e+ing take taking以一个辅音字母结尾重读闭音节单词sit�sitting4. 形容词 （1）放在be动词后作表语。（2）放在名词前做定语，It”s an interesting book.本单元出现的形容词：exciting/busy /interesting/convenient/noisy /peaceful /quiet/pleasant/relaxing九、1. 情态动词。(a)情态动词后动词用原形 例：We must go.(b)常用的几个情态动词can能够，表示

14、可能性及能力I can swim. You can go there by bus.could-can的过去式语气比could can委婉，多用于请求，Could you give me an apple?May 可以/可能 It may be a cat.May I come in?Must必须 We must go home at 5pm.Mustn”t 一定不能（表示禁止）You mustn”t take animals to his bedroom.Need需要 You need go to hospital at once.注must 引起的一般疑问句其否定回答不用mustn”t 而

15、用needn”t Must I go now?No, you needn”t.2. 祈使句（a）无主语 Open the door.(b)动词用原形 Don”t run.(c)常见的几种祈使句Open the window.Don”t swim in the river.No dogs. No smoking.Let”s go.3. 介词介词in on at区别：（1）表示时间时 in +年/日/季节/早晚on+星期/具体日期/具体早晚at+具体时间点in 1990/in May/in summer/in the morningon Monday/on May 2nd/on a cold ev

16、ening at 7:00/at night/at noon(2)表示地点in 在里 in the boxon表示在表面上 on the deskat 在具体某点 at the corner十、（一）提建议的几种方法1. Shall we +动词原形Shall we go to the beach?2. Let”s +动词原形（Let”s not+动原）Let”s have a barbecue.3. Would you like +to do Would you like to go cycling?4. Why don”t +句子Why don”t we go to the concert

17、?5. Why not+动词原形Why not have some seafood?6. What about +动ingWhat about going swimming?7. You”d better +动原You”d better go there by bus.（二）Used to表示过去常常used to +动词原形I used to spend all my pocket money.十一、语法(1)wh特殊疑问句when 表示时间 what 问内容 where 问地点how 问情况如何 why 问原因 who 问人根据答句补全问句1. _are they going to do?

18、They are going to have an international food festival.2. _are they going to do it?It”s because they want to raise money for the SPCA.3. _are they going to do it?They”re going to do it at school.4. _are they going to do it?They”re going to do it on Saturday 1 March.5. _are they going to do it ?They”r

19、e going to make different kinds of food.6. _is going to help them?Peter”s father is going to help them. （2）一般将来时 be going to 表示打算陈述句 主be +going to +动词原形否定 主be +not + going to +动词原形提问 特殊疑问句be+主going to +动原其它。I”m going to have a hot dog.I”m not going to have a hot dog.Are you going to have a hot dog ?

20、(3)用表示命令的动词表示命令，也是祈使句Sift the flour and the salt.Add the sugar.Use your hands to make it into a dough.十二、(一)问路与指路1. 问路的方法(1)How can I get to City Cinema?(2)Which is the way to City Cinema?(3)Could you tell me the way to City Cinema?(4)Where is the nearest cinema?(5)Is there a cinema near here?2. 指路的

21、方法(1)Turn left / Turn right.(2)Walk along Tree Road.(3)Turn left into Rose street.(4)You will find the city cinema on your right.（二）so 与neither引起的倒装句。表示（也是如此）So +动词（助动词/情态动词/be动词）+主语肯定Neither +动词（助动词/情态动词/be动词）+主语否定举例：(1)He can swim, so can I.(2)Tom doesn”t like swimming. Neither do I.(3)He “d rathe

22、r go by bus. So would I.十三、（一）现在完成时1. 构成 主语+have /has +过去分词+其它（时间）2. 句型转换 肯定句I have eaten rice for many years.否定句 I haven”t eaten rice for many years.一般疑问句 Have you eaten rice for many years?3. 过去分词的构成（同过去式）��规则的不规则的另见不规则动词表规则的 直接加 ed want-wanted以e结尾加 d decide decided双写字母最后加 ed wrap-wrapped不规则

23、（常见的）go gone come- come eat-eaten have-hadsing-sung send-sent spend- spent send-sentwrite-written read read be been see-seen关键词 since+点时间 People have eaten turkey at Christmas since1650.（二）which引导的句子做定语A large log of wood which people usually burn on Christmas Eve.（三）介词with的用法1. with表示带有 the sweater

24、 with long sleevesthe dress with blue spots2. with 表示与某人一致 agree with you 3. with 表示与一起 come with me 课堂练习一、a用动词的适当形式填空1. I _(send)you a card in two days.2. He _(watch)TV last night.3. Tom often _(go)to school by bike.4. Look, he _(fly)a kite now.5. I have _(seen)this film.b用适当形式填空1. Ben and Peter we

25、nt home_(immediate).2. The wind blew_(fierce).3. They played _(happy).4. The clouds in the sky moved _(quick).5. The leaves blew_(slight).c用适当的介词1. Put the table _ the sofa and the TV.2. Tom sits _ to jack.3. The tree is in _of the house.4. The pen is _the desk.5. Put your shoes _ the bed.d用适当疑问词填空1

26、. _is Christmas Eve.2. _ don”t you go there by bus?3. _is my pen? It”s on the desk.4. _ will help us? Mum.5. _is the way to the park?二、必考题型介绍1. 单词拼写（a）选择并抄写（1）We”d like to take some_(pictures /photos).（2）Don”t fall asleep May, what”s the_(time / matter)?（b）根据汉语提示写出单词正确形式（1）A _(导游)will show you aroun

27、d Pairs.（2）We had two world_(战争)in the last century.2. 根据图画词语配伍3. 字母组词（1）It”s a _(i t p y) for Kitty not to go to Ben”s birthday party.（2）Put the _(c i g n i)on the top of the cake.4. 单词组句（1）a lot of party the was fun（2）book give will some the us ideas5. 单项填空（1）�What _shall we have at the party?&

28、#0;Let”s have some coke.A. food B. drinks C. time D. books（2）The scone is about 10 centimeters _.A. long B. tall C. wide D. thick6. 完成对话A: We need some money to buy computers for our school._1_B: I think we should have an international food festival.A: Good idea!_2_B: Let”s have it at our school.A:

29、_3_B: Let”s have it on Saturday 6 June.A: Oh, it is in two weeks” time.B: Yes, that”s right._4_A: _5_B: We need to make different kinds of food.7. 阅读NAMEBIRTHDAYLIKESHATESLi HuaFed.6.1982dancingbread, riceLilyMar.22.1956playing basketballhamburgers, saladFrankNov.16.1978singing talkingvegetables, sa

30、ladTinaAug.3.1966writing, readingmeat, sugar根据图表信息，选择最佳答案1. When is Lily”s birthday?A. Mar.22 B. Fed.6 C. Nov.16 D. Aug.32. Li Hua likes_.A. hamburgers and salad B. meat and sugar C. singing and talking D. dancing3. How old is Tina now(2006)?A. Thirty-three years old. B. Forty years old. C. Twenty y

31、ears old. D. I don”t know.4. Does Frank like vegetables and fruit?A. Yes, he does. B. Yes, she does. C. No, he doesn”t. D. No, she doesn”t.5. Who may like the NBA game?A. Tina. B. Li Hua. C. Frank. D. Lily.【模拟试题】一、单词拼写15A)选择并抄写单词。(Write me word you choose)1. Turkey has been a popular Christmas meal_

32、(since，for) more than 300 years. 2. Do you prefer the jeans _(to，with)the yellow belt?3. I”d like to put some_(candles，photos)on Ben”s birthday party.4. Jack watched too_(many，much)television 1ast week.5. I used to run downstairs at schoo1. _(But，Now)I walk downstairs.6. We sold different kinds of_(

33、books，food)and drinks from different countries.7. Jimmy has a_(sister，brother)called Alice.8. Tom left and walk along Park Road，you will_(find，look)McDonald”s on your right.9. I”m selling American food. I”ve got some hot _ (dogs, apples).10. My new _ (shoes, socks) are too small. They hurt my feet.根

34、据汉语提示，写出单词的正确形式。（Write the word according to the Chinese given in the brackets）11. We are going to have a _(烧烤).12. I like gentle_(风). It makes me feel cool and comfortable.13. There is not_(足够的) water for us to drink. 14. We”re going to have international food_(节日) at our schoo1.15. Which _(电影) wou

35、ld you like to see this Sunday?二、字母组词1016. Orange juice is too expensive. I”d _have some water. (thraer)17. It”s too hot outside. Why not go to the_(hcaeb)?18. Tim is getting_(tfa)，so he has decided to eat fewer sweets. 19. We need_(onmeseo)who can take care of sick people.20. I”ll teach you how to

36、make ice-cream. It will be a_(ealpsure).21. The TV play will be_(satl)for about ten hours22. I don”t know how to get the_(maneic)from my home. 23. Hold on. I”ll be back in a_(tenmmo).24. Boxing Day is a_(iclpub)holiday.25. The changing room is_(erov)there. 三、单词组句526. don”t, them, size, I, in, have,

37、your_27. will, go, you, where, to, jeans, the, buy_28. good, cooking, at, I”m_29. on, will, you, find, the, your, shop, left_30. can”t, it, I, then, make_四、选择填空5(Multiple choice)31. 一It”s very hot. Let”s go swimming. 一_A.Thank you. B. Good idea! C. Will you? D. Perhaps not.32.I used to eat too many

38、sweets when I was a child. I don”t eat too many sweets _.A. any longer B. any more C. no longer D. no more33. 一May I have something to eat? 一_A. Give you. B. Over there. C. Here you are. D. There it is.34. 一I don”t like Japanese food very much. 一_A.Neither do I. B. So do I. C. Neither I do. D. So I

39、do.35. 一Have you studied at Rose Garden School? 一_一For nearly three years. A.How often. B. How much. C. How many. D. How long.五、补全对话10A)从AG中选出可以完成对话的最佳选项。A：Happy New Year，James!B：Oh，it”s you，Henry. 36_Do you enjoy your festival?A：Sure. But do you know where I am?B：37_Tell me，please. A：I”m in Austral

40、ia. B：Really? 38_A：It”s summer. It”s very hot and beautiful. B：39_ I”m having hot pot with my family. A：Say hello to them please. B：OK. 40_A：Yes，I will. And I”ll send you my postcards. A. What a hot day it is!B. Can you call me up later on?C. What”s the weather like there?D. But it”s snowing here. E

41、. Where are you now?F. The same to you. G. Where are you there?B)填入适当的单词，使对话完整与正确。A：Hello，Can I help you? What are you 1ooking for?B：Good morning. Do you have any football _41_ of Jinde Football Team?A：Yes，just a minute. There are some cards over there. Take a _42_they are great!B：How _43_are they?A

42、：They”re ￥10. B：Oh，really? That”s 44_expensive. A：But we have some last year”s cards. They are only ￥6. B：No, 45_ you. I prefer new cards. 六、阅读理解10(Reading Comprehension)A)阅读短文，然后根据内容选择最佳答案。Mei Ling has a new classmate in her class. His name is Peter. He comes from New York. Everything is new to Pet

43、er. He doesn”t speak Chinese. But he can speak English well.He can play many foreign games，too. Miss Yang asks Mei Ling to look after him. Mei Ling is very glad. She thinks she can learn English from Peter. Now she is showing Peter around their schoo1. She is telling him something about their schoo1

44、. At noon Peter is sitting at the table with Mei Ling and some other friends. They are having their lunch at schoo1. Mei Ling teaches Peter how to use chopsticks. She and her friends tell him something about Chinese food. Peter says Chinese are friendly and Chinese food is very nice. They teach him to speak Chinese. Peter tries so hard. Soon he can say a few Chines